Enhalus Research Articles

Biodiversity and Aquatic Vegetation Succession in Biawak Island Marine Protected Area, Indramayu-West Java

The existence of aquatic vegetation in the coastal waters is correlated with the water quality parameters. Seagrass and macroalgae are aquatic plants often found to form a coastal ecosystem that depends on water quality, both physically and chemically. Research on the existence of aquatic plants in Biawak Island, Indramayu, West Java, was conducted in 2016 and 2019 by combining in situ data and secondary data. The purpose of this study was to observe the dynamics of seagrass ecosystems as aquatic plants on Biawak Island and their correlation with the succession that occurred in the aquatic environment in Biawak Island as part of the Biawak Archipelago Marine Protected Area (MPA). The research method integrates a descriptive analysis and its correlation between the submerged aquatic plants and their environment. The results showed that seagrasses in Biawak Island tend to disappear and be replaced by macroalgae. The type of seagrass found in 2016 was Enhalus Acoroides covered by epiphytes perished in 2019. The abundance of macroalgae, especially Halimeda macroloba, indicates the existence of nutrient enrichment and high turbidity, causing the seagrass to be replaced by macroalgae. Another biodiversity found in the region was clams and sea cucumber, while branching coral conditions experienced bleaching and degradation. An environmental condition contains high nutrients strengthening the nutrient enrichment for a particular time. Therefore, integrated management regarding terrestrial and shipping lines track needs to be addressed to maintain the sustainability of the natural resources in the Biawak archipelago.

Penyerapan Karbon Pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Kawasan Perairan Gili Maringkik Lombok, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia

Seagrass beds are an important vegetation for reducing the impact of global warming besides the function of forest and mangroves vegetation. The research aims to find the composition of seagrass species, density, seagrass coverage, seagrass standing biomass, seagrass standing carbon and substrate carbon.The research was conducted in Gili Maringkik, Lombok, Indonesia. The research included observation of species composition and the sample was collected from 0.5 ×0.5 m plot area. Total plot area was 25 on five lanes with the space between plots 25 m and between lanes100 m.The researcher found that there were eight seagrass species (two families, six genera): Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila minor, Halophila spinulosa, Syringodium isoetifolium and Thalassia hemprichii. Cymodocea rotundata(506.40±187.809 stand.m-2) was the species of highest density and while the species of Thalassia hemprichii (36.52±30.004 %) wasthe species of highest coverage. Total of seagrass standing biomass in Gili Maringkik was1081.85 g.DW.m-2with the carbon stock of seagrass beds was 483.86g.C.m-2 and substrate carbon content was0.09%–0.49%. The total carbon stock of seagrass beds in Gili Maringkik has 153.96 ton.C(4.84 ton.C.Ha-1).

KONDISI LAMUN DI PERAIRAN DUSUN ORY PULAU HARUKU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Research on the condition of seagrass communities in the waters of Ory village is important to do as a basis for management strategies and data on seagrass meadow conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out the current seagrass conditions (2021) and to find out the structure of the seagrass meadow community formed and the biota associated with seagrass in Ory waters. This research was conducted in June-August 2021 in the waters of Ory village of Haruku Island, Central Maluku District. The sampling technique in this study is based on the use of the square transect line method. Seagrass sampling is done at low tide using a square of 0.5 x 0.5 m with the size of each plot of 0.1 x 0.1 m as much as 25 plots. The data analysis method for occurence frequency calculation, type coverage, while to know seagrass conditions. Based on the results of the study, there are 5 types of seagrass in the waters of Ory village, namely Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, and Halodule pinifolia. The density value of seagrass in the waters of Ory village is 322 shoots / m2 (very tight), the frequency of Enhalus acoroides species is more widespread than other types, and the covering value of seagrass is 98.45% (good, healthy / rich). The highest INP is in the Enhalus acoroides, and the biota species associated with seagrass are A. granosa, Linckia laevigata, P. nododsus, and Holothuria scabra

Status of seagrass ecosystem in Pane Island, North Sumatera

Pane Island is surrounded by seagrass meadows where Enhalus acoroides was the only species found. This small island is located in Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatera. The seagrass density and coverage was determined by using seagrass watch method, while the status was classified based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia. The percentage of seagrass canopy cover shows that the seagrass is in poor and less affluent/unhealthy condition with 19.33 - 30.20%. Meanwhile, the seagrass density on Pane Island ranges from 58 – 107 ind/m2. The density is well related to the coverage, shown from the regression analysis between density and cover where the value of R2 is 0.65. The highest biomass was found at station II with aboveground biomass of 303.09 g/m2 and belowground biomass of 607.86 g/m2, while the lowest was at station I with aboveground biomass of 163.17 g/m2 and belowground biomass of 327.25 g/m2. The distribution and the status of the seagrass in Pane Island can become a database and inventory, so that follow-up related to the management and protection of seagrass ecosystems can be carried out effectively.

Anticancer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Enhalus acoroides

Cancer is a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Anticancer activity refers to the ability of natural and synthetic, biological and chemical agents to revert, stop, or halt carcinogenic progression. To treat the ailment, several synthetic pharmaceuticals are utilised, but they have negative effects, thus researchers are investigating into plant-derived chemotherapeutic treatments. Enhalus acoroides, a member of the Hydrocharitaceae family, is found along the southeast coast of India and the tropical western Pacific. Hydroalcoholic extract of Enhalus acoroides inhibits the proliferation of Liver cancer and Breast cancer. The cell viability was analysed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which shows that Hydroalcoholic extract of Enhalus acoroides significantly reduced the growth with IC50 value for HepG2 as 112.20μg/ml and MCF-7 as 101.60μg/ml. Hence the results of current study conclude that Hydroalcoholic extract of Enhalus acoroides is a potent anticancer drug that can be utilized for the treatment of Hepatocellular cancer and Breast cancer.

Assessing the seagrasses meadows status and condition: A case study of Wori Seagrass Meadows, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract. Sondak CFA, Kaligis EY. 2022. Assessing the seagrasses meadows status and condition: A case study of Wori Seagrass Meadows, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2156-2166. Seagrass meadows play an important role in the coastal ecosystem through the services they provide, however, they are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the coastal environment due to anthropogenic influences and rapid environmental changes. Seagrass meadows extent is not validated and the health condition is left unmonitored and unreported. In Indonesia, the information about the current status of seagrass meadows’ extent and health conditions is limited. We assess the seagrass meadow abundance, status, and health condition. We provide information about species abundance, density threats, and the health status of seagrass meadows in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, particularly in Wori District. This district has a vast extent of seagrass meadows but has been affected by the expansion of the industrial/tourism area within the region. This study found that seagrass meadows’ coverages were moderate, but their health status was unhealthy. Six seagrass species are found in this area, including Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers, Cymodocea rotundata (Asch. & Schweinf.), Halodule pinifolia (Miki) Hartog, Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook. F., and Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy. Our results highlight the communities’ activities, including gleaning, boat propeller, anchoring, mooring, sedimentation, and the effects of climate change on the environment as factors that could affect seagrass meadows' extent and health condition in the study sites.

Seagrass of Enhalus Acoroides as a Traditional Body Scrubs in Preventing Malarial Bites by Pahawang Island Community in Indonesia

Finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, marine bacteria, and even sea plants are found in abundance in Indonesia’s oceans. The seagrass ecosystem is one of them, and it serves as a nursery or spawning site for aquatic animals. Despite the fact that functional qualities vary widely, there has been little research on the use of seagrass as a medicinal ingredient. The goal of this study is to investigate the usage of seagrass Enhalus acoroides as an anti-malarial chemical based on local knowledge from the ancient inhabitants of Pahawang Island, Lampung, Indonesia. The study was conducted using a survey, an interview, and a laboratory experiment. In the past, the ancient people of Pahawang Island utilized E. acoroides as a traditional scrub to avoid mosquito bites, according to the interview. Phytochemical research found that the active chemicals contained flavonoid, tannin, terpenoid, steroid, triterpenoid, and saponin, with yields ranging from 3.21 to 8.63 percent for ethanol solvents and 0.21-0.76 percent for n-hexane solvents.

The success of seagrass restoration using Enhalus acoroides seeds is correlated with substrate and hydrodynamic conditions

The extent of seagrass areas and their associated ecosystem functions and services have been declining due to many factors. Seagrass restoration is important to mitigate such declines. Seagrass restoration using seeds can be a viable method due to the high seed availability of some seagrass species and could enhance seagrass resilience to climate change stress. However, this method sometimes has low success rates due to high seed predation and seeds being washed away by wave action or substrate movement. The research was conducted to compare the settlement of Enhalus acoroides seeds and the establishment of seedlings on different sediment types (fine sand, coarse sand, and hard substrate with rubble) combined with different wave exposure levels (high and moderate). This is the first study to observe seed survival and seedling establishment of the tropical seagrass E. acoroides in the wild. On average, 64% of seeds dispersed on fine sand substrate at a moderate exposure site survived and developed into established seedlings by the end of the 40 days observation period, but the survival of seeds dispersed on coarse sand at high exposure and hard substrate at moderate exposure only remained above 50% for up to 3 days, and had declined to 2% and 1.4%, respectively, by day 40. Six years later, surviving E. acoroides sample from the coarse sand and hard substrate both had well-developed rhizomes but fewer roots than the plant from the fine sand site, these rhizome and roots characteristics were likely adaptations to increase anchoring capacity in the specific site. The results indicate that Enhalus seed settlement and seedling establishment can readily occur at sites with fine sand substrate and lower wave exposure; however, additional measures may be required at more exposed sites with mobile or hard substrates until seedlings become established.

Molecular docking analysis of seagrass (<em>Enhalus acoroides</em>) phytochemical compounds as an antidiabetic

Enhalus acoroides have potential to inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme and as an antidiabetic drug. Twenty-seven phytochemical compounds of seagrass (E. acoroides) were analyzed by molecular docking method. All possible candidate compounds predicted ADME pharmacokinetic properties using the swiss ADME website. A molecular docking analysis was carried out using the PyRx 0.8 Autodock Vina software. Furthermore, the interaction analysis between molecules was carried out using PyMOL software and the Discovery Studio Visualizer BIOVIA. There were 17 of the 27 compounds which had the best potency as oral antidiabetic drug candidates. The validation results showed that all ligands had aroot mean score deviation (RMSD) value <2Å with the best value of 0.0. The binding affinity with the strongest bond value was -9.2 (kcal/mol) on the NAMPT bond with tannin, while the weakest value was 40.01 at 3l4y (α-glucosidase) with 3-methyl. The 2h6d receptor can bind to all ligands, and the α-glucosidase receptor can bind to two test ligands. The docking method used in this study was valid, and the phytochemical compounds of seagrass have the potential to be an alternative to antidiabetic drugs.

Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Enhalus acoroides against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Albino Rats.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most cause of death among the various cancers worldwide. Recent research searching an alternative therapy for cancer treatment without or less side effects. Many studies indicated the beneficial effects of Enhalus acoroides. There has been no scientific validation on antioxidant and chemopreventive potential of ethanolic extract E. acoroides against hepatoma.To assess the hepatoprotective activity of E. acoroides (EEEA) against DEN-induced hepatoma using Wistar albino rats.Animals were distributed into five groups, each containing six rats. To Group I - control rats - normal saline given. Groups II, III, IV and V rats were injection of DEN at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight i.p. to induce liver cancer. At the commencement of 6th week, Group III rats supplemented with EEEA at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight/day upto 16weeks. Group IV rats supplemented with EEEA for 1week before the administration of DEN and continued till the sixteenth week. Group V supplementation of silymarin at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight at the beginning of 6th week after the injection of DEN and continued upto 16weeks and considered as positive control rats. The efficiency of E. acoroides for its antioxidant hepatoprotective and activity evaluated in rats against DEN-induced liver damage.The hepatoprotective ability of EEEA at a dose of 200mg/kg was examined against DEN at a dose of 100mg/kg/b.w. induced hepatotoxicity and analysed by evaluating serum liver and kidney marker levels, lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol) and serum tumour markers (DNA, RNA, AFP and CEA). Supplementation of EEEA to DEN treated rats was determined by evaluating various antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, Vit E and Vit C). Histopathological studies and morphometric gross analysis were also support the consequences of this study.A significant improvement of antioxidant defence and declined MDA levels within the serum of EEEA treated animals compared to the DEN-induced hepatoma. The supplementation of EEEA declined the serum liver, kidney and serum tumour marker levels and lipid profile as comparatively to Group I rats. The histopathological changes were changed on supplementation of EEEA demonstrating its protecting effects on hepatocytes as comparatively to Group I rats.Our significances recognized that crude extract (ethanol) of E. acoroides revealed a potential impact against DEN-induced hepatoma and assists as a superior choice for chemopreventive treatments.

Gradient of microbial communities around seagrass roots was mediated by sediment grain size

AbstractAlthough research on plant rhizosphere is extensive, studies focusing on rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and outer rhizosphere of seagrass remain rare. Here, we present a detailed characterization across root‐associated microbiomes of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides at two locations (Xincun Bay and Li'an Harbor in Hainan, South China) with different sediment properties. The metabolic activity and composition of microbial communities within the rhizoplane (R), rhizosphere (SR), and outer rhizosphere (OR) compartments were compared using the Biolog‐Eco method and high‐throughput sequencing, respectively. These results showed R sediment had the highest metabolic ability in utilizing carbon substrates, followed by SR and OR in both locations, which indicated higher or more diverse carbon resources in sediment in proximity to the roots. With respect to bacterial diversity, our study showed that the OR region supported the highest biodiversity (α indices), followed by SR and R communities, which revealed the strongest selective effect of rhizoplane niche. With respect to community composition, three root‐associated communities at Xincun Bay were characterized by a decreasing trend in relative abundance of Sulfurovum and Sulfurimonas (sulfide oxidizers belonging to Episilonproteobacteria) from R to OR, which revealed their better adaption to lower oxygen concentrations and lower available carbon conditions. Vibrio and Photobacterium assigned to Gammaproteobacteria were highly enriched in rhizoplane compared with SR and OR at Li'an Harbor, which may play an important role in nutrient cycling around the seagrass roots. On the other hand, the gradient of bacterial community structure and metabolic capability created by seagrass roots was more obvious at Li'an Harbor than that at Xincun Bay, which may be related to sediment grain size.

Analysis of mercury (Hg) content and chlorophyll content of seagrass Enhalus acoroides in Cidaun and Sindangbarang waters, Cianjur regency, West Java Province, Indonesia

Seagrass is a type of vegetation that can live and develop well in coastal areas and is a habitat for several marine animals, such as sea cucumbers, sea urchins, starfish, and sea urchins. Seagrass is an organism that is susceptible to pollution of the coastal environment, such as mercury (Hg), so it impacts the chlorophyll content of seagrass leaves. This study aims to determine the content of heavy metal Hg and its relationship with the chlorophyll content of seagrass Enhalus acoroides in the waters of Cidaun and Sindangbarang in Cianjur District, West Java Province. The study was conducted in May 2020, and laboratory analysis was conducted in June 2020. Samples were taken at two stations, namely Sindangbarang Beach and Cidaun Beach. The results showed the heavy metal Hg content in roots> rhizoma> seagrass leaves. The content of heavy metals and seagrass chlorophyll has a negative correlation where the Hg metal correlates (r = - 0.97) and indicates that the higher the content of heavy metals will reduce the seagrass chlorophyll content.

Morphometric Characteristic and Growth Responses of Enhalus acoroides Seedlings Under Different Substrate Composition Treatment

Seagrass transplantation in the large-scale requires a large number of seagrass individu from donor ecosystem. This may give negative impact as damage and reducing the number of seagrass in donor ecosystem. One of methods to overcome this case is by developing transplants using seagrass nut as source for seed. Substrate is one of factors that influence the growth of seagrass. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of differences in substrate composition on morphologi and growth of Enhalus acoroides seeds. Observations were carried out by treatment using mud, sand and mixed substrates sand with mud. The survival rate of Enhalus acoroides seeds was quite high of 100% but it had a lower value of 93.30% on sand substrate. The longest leaf is on the mud substrate with a length of 5.9 cm, the leaf width has the same size in each substrate with a value of 0.4 cm, the highest number of leaves were found in the sand and mixture substrate with 5 strands, the longest root size was in the mixed substrate with a length of 5 cm. The growth of Enhalus acoroides seagrass seeds did not show any significant difference. The highest growth was found in the mud substrate with a value of 0.10 cm/day. Keywords: Enhalus acoroides, seagrass,seed, substrate, transplantation

Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål.

BackgroundCoastal land development has deteriorated the habitat and water quality for seagrass growth and causes the proliferation of opportunist macroalgae that can potentially affect them physically and biochemically. The present study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of seagrass from the Hydrocharitaceae family under the macroalgal bloom of Ulva reticulata, induced by land reclamation activities for constructing artificial islands.MethodsFive seagrass species, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Halophila major, and Halophila spinulosa were collected at an Ulva reticulata-colonized site (MA) shoal and a non-Ulva reticulata-colonized site (MC) shoal at Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor, Malaysia. Morphometry of shoots comprising leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf sheath length (LSL), leaflet length (LTL), leaflet width (LTW), petiole length (PL), space between intra-marginal veins (IV) of leaf, cross vein angle (CVA) of leaf, number of the cross vein (NOC), number of the leaf (NOL) and number of the leaflet (NOLT) were measured on fresh seagrass specimens. Moreover, in-situ water quality and water nutrient content were also recorded. Seagrass extracts in methanol were assessed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).ResultsSeagrasses in the U. reticulata-colonized site (MA) had significantly higher (t-test, p < 0.05) leaf dimensions compared to those at the non-U. reticulata colonized site (MC). Simple broad-leaved seagrass of H. major and H. ovalis were highly sensitive to the colonization of U. reticulata, which resulted in higher morphometric variation (t-test, p < 0.05) including LL, PL, LW, and IV. Concerning the biochemical properties, all the seagrasses at MA recorded significantly higher (t-test, p < 0.05) TPC, TFC, and ABTS and lower DPPH and FRAP activities compared to those at MC. Hydrocharitaceae seagrass experience positive changes in leaf morphology features and metabolite contents when shaded by U. reticulata. Researching the synergistic effect of anthropogenic nutrient loads on the interaction between seagrasses and macroalgae can provide valuable information to decrease the negative effect of macroalgae blooms on seagrasses in the tropical meadow.

Enhalus Acoroides Efficiently Alleviate Ocean Acidification by Shifting Modes of Inorganic Carbon Uptake and Increasing Photosynthesis When Ph Drops

Enhalus Acoroides Efficiently Alleviate Ocean Acidification by Shifting Modes of Inorganic Carbon Uptake and Increasing Photosynthesis When Ph Drops

Proactive Artificial Transplantation, Instead of Only Conservative Protection, of Native Enhalus Acoroides Meadows Can Greatly Accelerate the Process of Bioresource Restoration

Proactive Artificial Transplantation, Instead of Only Conservative Protection, of Native Enhalus Acoroides Meadows Can Greatly Accelerate the Process of Bioresource Restoration

Integrating sentinel-2 spectral-imagery and field data of seagrass coverage with species identification in the coastal of Riau Islands, Indonesia

Seagrass plays an important role in marine ecosystem. Plans for sustainable management of marine ecosystem should give due attention to this marine critical habitat. One effort to monitoring the long-term management of seagrass is to use spatial data using remote sensing techniques. Satellite imagery offers an efficient and cost-effective means of estimating water conditions in shallow environments. This study aims to map the coverage of the seagrass meadows using satellite images spatially, determine the species composition of the seagrass meadows, and examine the accuracy level from the results obtained by the Sentinel-2 images. Investigations reported here were conducted in the Riau Islands (4 Stations at Lingga Island and 2 Stations at Singkep Island) in Indonesia from 3 - 7 October 2020. The satellite image data used Sentinel-2 at the acquisition year of 2019 based on the method of Depth Invariant Index (DII) with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. The in situ observations were made from 6 October 2020, same with the validation date, to verify the data obtained through satellite imagery. This was needed for calculating the accuracy of results based on seagrass images and identifying the species using the Seagrass-Watch (Transect Quadrant). The result showed that the seagrass in the Riau Islands can be detected with the DII method with seagrass coverage area of 175 km2 from the satellite in Lingga and Singkep Island. Percentage of Seagrass coverage for all transects was estimated to be about 78%. The seagrasses species identified were: Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Thalassia hemprichii, and the dominant species was Enhalus acoroides.

Identification of Bioactive Phytocomponents of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Enhalus acoroides by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Sea grass are good source of potent drug which has medicinal properties and able to cure human disease. One such marine plant is the Enhalus acoroides which belong to hydrocharitaeceae family. This marine species are widely distributed in the tropics of Indian and western Pacific Ocean and the species were collected from Ramanathapuram district for further process. This study reveals about the bioactive components present in Enhalus acoroides and identified its biological activity by Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry analysis using hydroalcoholic extract. The compounds present in Enhalus acoroides are Benzoic acid, 2- methyl 7- oxa bicyclol heptanes, 1, 3 Nonadiene, silane, ethoxytriethyl. Biological activities of the compounds present in the sample include antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antiviral and anti-hepatotoxic effect.

Bioakumulasi Merkuri (Hg) pada Lamun Enhalus acoroides dan Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata di Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu

&lt;strong&gt;Bioaccumulation of Mercury (Hg) in Seagrass &lt;em&gt;Enhalus acoroides&lt;/em&gt; and Mangrove &lt;em&gt;Rhizophora apiculata&lt;/em&gt; in Pari Island, Seribu Islands. &lt;/strong&gt;Heavy metal pollution, especially Hg metal in Jakarta Bay, is feared to have a negative impact on the quality of the waters around the Jakarta Bay waters, one of which is Pari Island in the Thousand Islands. Seagrass and mangroves plants distributed surrounding Pari Island can be used as indicators of heavy metal pollution. The value of bioaccumulation and translocation of Hg metal factors will provide an overview of the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals in their surroundings. This study aims to determine the bioaccumulation and translocation of the heavy metal Hg factor in &lt;em&gt;Enhalus acoroides&lt;/em&gt; seagrass and &lt;em&gt;Rhizophora apiculata&lt;/em&gt; mangroves on Pari Island, Seribu Islands. Seagrass and mangrove samples were taken at five sampling points through purposive sampling. The bioaccumulation value was calculated using the ratio of the metal concentrations in each part of the plant body and sediment. Meanwhile, the translocation factor value was calculated by the ratio of Hg concentration in each part of the plant body (roots/rhizomes, stems, and leaves). The results of this study indicate that the bioaccumulation value in seagrass is infinite (bioaccumulation factor, BAF=∞) and in mangroves is 1.57 (BAF&amp;gt;1). The highest &lt;em&gt;translocation factor&lt;/em&gt; value in seagrass leaves is 3.86 (translocation factor, TF) &amp;gt;1) and in mangrove leaves is 2.84 (TF&amp;gt;1). This study shows that seagrass and mangrove plants are classified as good bio accumulator and hyperaccumulator plants and accumulate heavy metals, especially Hg in the upper part of their bodies, namely leaves

Bahasa Indonesia

This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) leaves on male mice (Mus musculus). The type of research used is the RAL method (completely randomized design). Male mice (Mus musculus) were divided into 5 treatment groups including group 1 being mice given 1% Na.CMC suspension as a negative control, group 2 being mice given seagrass leaf extract (Enhalus acoroides) 75 mg/kgBW, group 3 being mice. given 100 mg/kgBW of seagrass leaf extract (Enhalus acoroides), group 4 was mice given 125 mg/kgBW of seagrass leaf extract (Enhalus acoroides) and group 5 was mice given 50 mg of diclofenac sodium as a positive control. The anti-inflammatory test was induced with 1% carrageenan, the volume of edema that occurred after treatment was measured by dipping it into a plestimometer for every 30, 60, 90, 120 minute intervals for 7 days. After that, the percentage decrease in the edema volume parameter was observed. The data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test and continued with the LSD post hoc test. The ethanolic extract of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) leaves showed that it could reduce the volume of edema in the feet of mice (Mus musculus) at concentrations of 75 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 125 mg/kgBW by showing a significant difference with the negative control group (p &lt; 0.05). The anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) leaves on male mice (Mus musculus) showed effective results in reducing the volume of edema in the legs of mice (Mus musculus).