Engraving System Research Articles

Evaporation and wetting behavior of water on the laser-textured silicon substrate

It is important to elucidate the impact of surface micromorphology on the evaporation mechanism and behavior to design rational micromorphologies for enhancing/regulating evaporation. In this study, we investigated the wetting and evaporation behaviors of water droplets on monocrystalline silicon surfaces with concentric circular textures etched using a laser engraving system at varying spacing intervals. Only when the texture spacing overlapped did it exhibit a significantly increased apparent surface energy and evaporation rate. The droplet volume decreased consistently at a constant evaporation rate at different temperatures, and the process involved two stages: constant contact radius (CCR) and constant contact angle (CCA). Laser etching increases the thickness of the oxide film from 10 to 377 nm, resulting in enhanced hydrophilicity. For millimeter-sized droplets, microscopic capillary phenomena in the vicinity of the triple line dominated the evaporation behavior rather than liquid/gas interface evaporation.

Novel contactless torque sensor based on optical coherence

This work proposes a novel contactless sensor to measure the micro torque of a rotating shaft based on the optical coherence displacement measurement (OCDM) principle. The experimental system features a simple mechanical testing system to measure the torque, a calibration device to establish the measurement baseline, and a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) shaft to improve the theoretical resolution of the system up to 0.003 Nm. The torque measurement results indicate that this sensor achieved a maximum nonlinearity error of 0.0484 %, maximum repeatability error of 0.2771 %, and maximum hysteresis error of 0.2252 %. This high accuracy of our system stems from the use of high-precision optical principles and the novel physical mapping of the torque (i.e., processing scales on the shaft surface to represent the twist angle by designing a laser engraving system) capable of resisting the negative effects of radial vibrations. Additionally, our torque measurement sensor possesses broader applicability by effectively resisting the impacts of temperature variations and electromagnetic interference. These attributes make it excel other torque sensors presented in the literature in recent years.

Trends and the future of computerized printing systems: a forecast of technology development and its application in printing production

The object of research is computerized polygraphic systems, their technologies, current development trends and prospects for application in modern polygraphic production. The study solves the problem of determining current trends in the field of computerized printing systems, as well as developing forecasts for their future, taking into account modern technological innovations and the possibility of their application in printing. It was determined that the modern world is experiencing rapid technological changes. The integration of computer technologies in various branches of production not only optimizes processes, but also opens up new opportunities for development and innovation. The results were obtained: it was found that computerized polygraphic systems are becoming more and more widespread, providing the opportunity to improve product quality, reduce production costs and increase productivity. It has been proven that modern printing technologies demonstrate an impressive dynamic of progress, taking place in the context of intensive development of information and communication industries. The printing industry adapts quickly, assimilating modern technological advances and immediately implementing them into the production process. It has been confirmed that computer printing systems are actively developing, responding to the increase in market requirements and contributing to the improvement of print quality. Today's technologies, including 3D and 4D printing, digital stencil technology, laser engraving and central print management system (CPMS), are already integrated into the printing industry, providing automation, precision and efficiency. The obtained research results make it possible to ensure the industrial production of more individual, multifunctional and flexible products, expanding the horizons for printing companies. Forecasting the development of technologies and their application in printing production allows companies to always be one step ahead of competitors, rationally invest in innovation and effectively respond to changing market conditions. Given the globalization of the market and the growing demands for the quality of printing products, the ability to anticipate future trends and adapt to them is becoming a key success factor for manufacturers.

Low-Cost Shadow Mask Fabrication for Nanoelectronics

We present two approaches for fabricating shadow masks for the evaporation of electrodes onto nanomaterials. In the first one, we combine the use of a commercial fiber laser engraving system with readily available aluminum foil. This method is suitable for fabricating shadow masks with line widths of 50 µm and minimum feature separation of 20 µm, and using it to create masks with complex patterns is very straightforward. In the second approach, we use a commercially available vinyl cutting machine to pattern a vinyl stencil mask, and we use a glass fiber to define the separation between the electrodes. With this approach, we achieve well-defined electrodes separated by 15 µm, but this technique is less versatile in creating complex masks as compared with the laser-based one. We demonstrate the potential of these techniques by fabricating field-effect transistor devices based on MoS2. Our approach is a cost-effective and easily accessible method for fabricating shadow masks with high resolution and accuracy, making it accessible to a wider range of laboratories.

Detection of SalmonellaTyphimurium in water and meat using nanosensor

The sensor dimensions are chosen (10 * 10 mm) and manufactured by the laser engraving system as a dimension of the fine copper die and installed on the glass substrate coated with the nano material and the mould is coated with silver by thermal vacuum evaporation and the fixation of the connecting electrodes. The surface properties and the structural, optical and electrical properties of the thin films were studied. Samples prepared with an X-ray diffraction device (XRD) were examined to ensure the presence of elements or compounds entering the coating layer, and an examination with an atomic force microscope (AFM) to identify the crystal size of the coating compound and a scanning electron microscope. Field (SEM) is to prove the existence and proportions of active ingredients. The UV nano composite spectra were studied to investigate the optical behavior of ZnO-rGO membranes (transmittance and absorption). The sensing properties were determined by measuring changes in the conductivity of the prepared bacteria present in water and flesh using current and voltage measurement I-V by two mass device methods and the results were accurate. The results proved that ZnO-rGO has high sensitivity towards bacteria and is made of thin films of nano composites and has a high performance to detect bacteria in water and meat. The goal of this study is to design and manufacture a nano sensor with high efficiency to detect a type of bacteria that the thin films deposited in the vacuum have properties excellent for accurate detection. The microbial detection devices based on thin materials are inexpensive and do not require trainers to use them, and they operate at room temperature. Thus they have the advantage of remote positioning and monitoring in dangerous places.

Multiresponsive Soft Actuators Based on a Thermoresponsive Hydrogel and Embedded Laser-Induced Graphene.

The method of converting insulating polymers into conducting 3D porous graphene structures, so-called laser-induced graphene (LIG) with a commercially available CO2 laser engraving system in an ambient atmosphere, resulted in several applications in sensing, actuation, and energy. In this paper, we demonstrate a combination of LIG and a smart hydrogel (poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)—pNVCL) for multiresponsive actuation in a humid environment. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) was used to deposit a thin layer of the smart hydrogel onto a matrix of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and embedded LIG tracks. An intriguing property of smart hydrogels, such as pNVCL, is that the change of an external stimulus (temperature, pH, magnetic/electric fields) induces a reversible phase transition from a swollen to a collapsed state. While the active smart hydrogel layer had a thickness of only 300 nm (compared to the 500 times thicker actuator matrix), it was possible to induce a reversible bending of over 30° in the humid environment triggered by Joule heating. The properties of each material were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, tensile testing, and ellipsometry. The actuation performances of single-responsive versions were investigated by creating a thermoresponsive PDMS/LIG actuator and a humidity-responsive PDMS/pNVCL actuator. These results were used to tune the properties of the multiresponsive PDMS/LIG/pNVCL actuator. Furthermore, its self-sensing capabilities were investigated. By getting a feedback from the piezoresistive change of the PMDS/LIG composite, the bending angle could be tracked by measuring the change in resistance. To highlight the possibilities of the processing techniques and the combination of materials, a demonstrator in the shape of an octopus with four independently controllable arms was developed.

Modeling, Simulation and Uncertain Optimization of the Gun Engraving System

The system designed to accomplish the engraving process of a rotating band projectile is called the gun engraving system. To obtain higher performance, the optimal design of the size parameters of the gun engraving system was carried out. First, a fluid–solid coupling computational model of the gun engraving system was built and validated by the gun launch experiment. Subsequently, three mathematic variable values, like performance evaluation indexes, were obtained. Second, a sensitivity analysis was performed, and four high-influence size parameters were selected as design variables. Finally, an optimization model based on the affine arithmetic was set up and solved, and then the optimized intervals of performance evaluation indexes were obtained. After the optimal design, the percent decrease of the maximum engraving resistance force ranged from 6.34% to 18.24%; the percent decrease of the maximum propellant gas temperature ranged from 1.91% to 7.45%; the percent increase of minimum pressure wave of the propellant gas ranged from 0.12% to 0.36%.

Online Modeling of the CNC Engraving System With Dead-Zone Input Nonlinearity

This article is concerned with modeling of a class of permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor-based drive systems with dead-zone input nonlinearity. The experimental testing method based on recursive least squares (RLS) is combined with the mechanism analysis method based on physical laws. With the structure of the analytical model first determined by the mechanism analysis method, an online RLS-based data-driven method is then exploited to obtain the unknown parameters of the analytical model. Since the unknown parameters are decoupled in the proposed method, all parameter estimates are available. An auxiliary model and a variable forgetting factor are constructed to ensure the high accuracy and the fast convergence of the proposed method, respectively. Besides, the asymptotic convergence property of the proposed method is analyzed, and the upper bound of the parameter estimation error is also presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments on a self-designed computer numerical control engraving system.

Copper‐nanostructure‐modified laser‐scribed electrodes based on graphitic carbon for electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarbon‐based nanostructures have been attracting major interest in many research fields, including chemical and biological sensing, because of their unique structural dimensions and excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties. A recently developed laser scribing approach allows design and fabrication of flexible, graphitic carbon‐based substrates for (bio‐)electrochemical applications, as it provides highly robust and low‐cost sensing platforms.RESULTSHere we demonstrate the fabrication of a highly reproducible laser‐scribed graphitic electrode (LSE) on a polyimide (Kapton) film using a simple, do‐it‐yourself laser engraving system equipped with a 405 nm wavelength laser. Copper nanostructures were deposited onto an electrode surface via the electrodeposition process. The developed three‐dimensional graphitic electrodes modified by nano copper/copper oxide species (LSE‐Cu) were used for the detection of dopamine and glucose. Electrochemical studies of LSE‐Cu showed that in the presence of nano‐copper there is an apparent shift of the oxidation peaks of dopamine and ascorbic acid, allowing determination of dopamine without an interference effect, with an excellent sensitivity of 1321.54 μA L mmol−1 cm−2. Furthermore, the LSE‐Cu sensor exhibited highly satisfying analytical performance towards glucose electro‐oxidation, with a reproducibility of 5.47% (RSD %).CONCLUSIONWe have demonstrated a simple design, fabrication and passivation route for the preparation of LSEs performing as biosensors. Such a cost‐effective and design‐flexible system is highly suitable for developing a biosensing platform towards various target analytes and further miniaturization of the electrode. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

New fabrication method for producing reduced graphene oxide flexible electrodes by using a low-power visible laser diode engraving system

The fabrication of bendable electronic devices is a scientific-technological area of very rapid advance in which new materials and fabrication techniques are being continuously developed. In these kinds of devices, the fabrication of flexible conductive electrodes adherent to the substrate is a key factor. Further, eco-friendliness, low cost and fast production are essential requirements for the successful progress of new technologies. In this work, a novel method for obtaining graphene-based flexible electrodes is presented. Conductive films were obtained by means of the visible laser irradiation of graphene oxide layers deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates and self-standing membranes sandwiched between glass slides. Despite the low power of the laser system, the numerical simulations indicate the development of temperatures over 1000 K throughout the irradiated material. The laser-induced spatially confined heating leads to the reduction of the graphene oxide material, whereas the glass-based sandwich assembly avoids reoxidation from the surrounding air. By scanning and pixelated modes, reduced graphene oxide electrodes, up to 100 μm in thickness, and with a resistivity as low as 6 × 10−4 Ωm, were obtained in an easy and versatile way. Proof-of-concept microsupercapacitors and electrochemical sensors were fabricated with this technique, showing promising performance.

Study on Engraving Resistance Characteristic of Band Based on Different Structure Parameters of Rifling

The gun barrel working in complex environments is prone to damage, including the wear and ablation of the bore in the gun barrel. These changes cause changes in the rifling structure, which in turn affects the combustion law of gunpowder gas, which affects the pressure in the bore and changes the internal ballistics of the gun performance. This article takes a large caliber howitzer as the research object, considers the frictional force change during high-speed and high-pressure sliding, and also considers the energy conservation criterion during the engraving process. The initial ballistic equations are established during the initial movement period and Coupled solution with band engraving process. Considering the large deformation, high strain rate, temperature softening effect and cumulative damage effect, an explicit dynamic algorithm is used to compare the differences of the elastic band engraving process under different rifling structure parameters. The influence of different rifling structure parameters on the force state of the belt is analyzed. The influence of the main structural parameters of the engraving system on the belt engraving process is obtained. It provides a useful reference for the integrated analysis of the ammunition and the gun and the optimization of the barrel structure.

Optimal Design for the Structure Parameters of Long Raster Engraving Air-floating Platform

Air-floating platform is the core component of long raster engraving system. In order to design an air-floating platform to greatly meet the demands of long raster engraving, this paper, based on the validation of simulation model accuracy by test platform, proposes a three-dimension finite element model about gas film, and investigates the influence of the gas film thickness, air pressure and width of bottom guideway on the loaded capacity and air consumption by orthogonal test method. Then the best design plan of air-floating platform structure was determined by range analysis method. The results showed that air film thickness H=0.02 mm, gas supply pressure Ps=0.15 MPa, width of bottom guideway Bx=140 mm, the loading capacity of single-sided guideway is about 3177 N, its air consumption is 191487 mm3/s. Hence, this plan can not only meet the requirements of the loading capacity but also reduce air consumption of air-floating platform so as to provide a basis for optimum structure design about air-floating platform.

Automated laser engraving system for the calibration and manufacturing of nonlinear scales for electrical measuring instruments

Currently, most of the techniques of dial manufacturing for electrical measuring instruments are low-productive and expensive owing to the single-piece dials’ manufacturing. Application of laser engraving system as a way to produce individual dials for the electrical measuring instruments is described in this paper. The automated system is expected to increase productivity, reduce cost, and improve the quality of the final product. A novel structure of hardware–software system was created for single-piece dials’ manufacturing and special novel software system was developed to control the system and to verify scales’ quality. Damped oscillations parameters of instrument pointer were determined. The real-time recognition algorithm of instrument scale was developed. These innovative solutions have been allowed to upgrade the instruments’ accuracy class from 2.5 to 1.5 and to reduce the time of making information marks on the dial by 13.2 times in comparison with traditional techniques. The following technological operations have been excluded: relief printing, manual calibration, and manual scale marks drawing.

The precise positioning system of mica trough based on machine vision

In view of the issue that in the process of locomotive motor commutator maintenance and processing, laser modulation and positioning type mica slot engraving system are widely used in real applications. However, it has low precision and requires a lot of human intervention. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed a precise positioning method of mica slot based on machine vision, which can accurately extract the edge of the motor commutator. The system first independently designs the precision compensation algorithm and constructs the positioning error correction model. Based on this, the embedded system platform is built to realize the automatic, rapid and accurate positioning the center line of the mica slot. Then the system achieves accurate calculation the deviation between the knife and the center line and control the bit tool to move to the correct engraved position. Experimental results indicate that the instrument can accurately calculate the position of the mica slot center line. Through the servo motor control burin to adjustment and aim the midline, the knife positioning error has been controlled between the positive and negative 0.02 mm, achieving the entire operation process automation and precision.

Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of New Polar Positioning System Dedicated to Mechatronic Laser Glass Engraving System

Analytical formulas describing the kinematics and dynamics of a multibody system of a new polar positioning system dedicated to mechatronic laser glass or other transparent dielectrics engraving system will be presented in this work. The analytical results will become in the later stages of the research the basis of numerical simulations. They will optimize the proposed solution of the positioning system.

Advanced micro- and nanofabrication technologies for tissue engineering

The ability of the living body to heal and regenerate itself following trauma is astonishing. Numerous events of repair and regeneration occur during our lifetime, most of which we are never aware of. Unfortunately, in some cases, the injury or defect cannot be adequately repaired solely by nature and medical intervention is required.

Microfabrication of channel arrays promotes vessel-like network formation in cardiac cell construct and vascularization in vivo

Pre-vascularization is important for the reconstruction of dense and metabolically active myocardial tissue and its integration with the host myocardium after implantation. Herein, we demonstrate that the fabrication of micro-channels in alginate scaffold combined with the presentation of adhesion peptides and an angiogenic growth factor promote vessel-like networks in the construct, both in vitro and in vivo. Using a CO2 laser engraving system, 200 µm diameter channels were formed from top to bottom of the 2 mm thick alginate scaffold, with a channel-to-channel distance of 400 µm. Cells were seeded in a sequential manner onto the scaffolds: first, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded and cultured for three days, then neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiofibroblasts were added at a final cell ratio of 50:35:15, respectively, and the constructs were cultivated for an additional seven days. A vessel-like network was formed within the cell constructs, wherein HUVECs were organized around the channels in a multilayer manner, while the CMs were located in-between the channels and exhibited the characteristic morphological features of a mature cardiac fiber. Acellular scaffolds with the affinity-bound basic fibroblast growth factor were implanted subcutaneously in mice. Increased cell penetration into the channeled scaffold and greater vessel density were found in comparison with the nonchanneled scaffolds. Our results thus point to the importance of micro-channels as a major structural promoter of vascularization in scaffolds, in conjunction with the sequential preculture of ECs and angiogenic factor presentation.

Software and Hardware Realization of Network-Based CNC Engraving Machine Control System

With the development of computer network technology, Networked manufacturing will be used widely in modern CNC engraving system. In this study, on the basis of analyzing the problems and network modes of traditional CNC engraving system, the control system of network-based CNC engraving machine was presented. For meeting the needs of real-time control and remote monitoring, PROFIBUS-DP fieldbus and Ethernet are introduced into the system. And hardware structure is given. Moreover, as to the realization of system software, the idea and method of modular programmed have been adopted to ensure the security and reliablity of the control system running.

Open Automatic Laser Engraving System

This paper describes a new laser engraving system for automation. It is a different open system from traditional ones. The system excludes sealed machine housing so that it is convenient for automatic loading and unloading. This paper also discussed safety issues which came with the open housing structure. At the end of this article, you will find the design of automatic loading and unloading with pneumatic components and a PC-based controller.

Analysis of the laser patterning inside light guide panel

The objective of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of the internal patterning in the light guide panel (LGP) by applying laser engraving. LGP fabricated by the internal patterning is proposed as it offers better efficiency than is provided by bottom surface patterning. The patterns fabricated by laser engraving system could improve efficiency by approximately 40%, requiring less energy consumption in average brightness and uniformity than required by bottom surface patterned devices. Internal scatters were fabricated by Q-switched 2nd harmonic Nd:YAG laser engraving system. The performance of the fabricated LGPs was measured and its results analyzed. Modification of the shape of the LGP patterns from the simple geometry has been investigated to control the uniformity. The proposed internal scatter embedded LGP with laser engraving could provide an alternative method to conventional bottom surface scatters type with optimized patterns and geometry.