English Literature Research Articles

Orwell’s Animal Farm and Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Comparative Study

The main aim of this article is to compare two emblematic works of 20th century British literature: George Orwell's Animal Farm and William Golding's Lord of the Flies. This comparative study adopts a New Critical analytical approach, focusing exclusively on the textual aspects of the novels independently of any external context or ideology. We examine in depth the plots, characters and settings of both works. The study is structured around three main themes. First, it examines the societies represented in the two novels. Secondly, it explores the power dynamics within these societies. Finally, it highlights the ultimate collapse of the societal ideals depicted in the two works. At the end of this analysis, several conclusions emerge: both works explore the creation of new societies emerging from those that have shown their limitations. The animals' ideal of society in Animal Farm and the children's societal project in Lord of the Flies fail because of similar power dynamics. Orwell's animals and Golding's children end up becoming the exact opposite of their initial aspirations. The animals in Animal Farm gradually adopt human behaviour, while the children in Lord of the Flies regress towards more animal behaviour. So, paradoxically and ironically, Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies share the same fundamental concern: the fragility of human society and the fine line between humanity and animality. By exploring in detail the themes and connections between the two novels, this analysis aims to provide an in-depth understanding of how literature reflects and critiques the complexities of human social dynamics and the fragility of the societal structures.

An Analytical Study on Developing Language Skills among L2 Learners Through Digital Teaching and Learning

Technology integration has fundamentally transformed education, particularly in the field of second language (L2) acquisition. This experimental study explores the effectiveness of various digital tools and media—including online courses, educational applications, and multimedia resources—in enhancing English language skills among L2 learners. By leveraging technology, language learning becomes more flexible, personalised, and engaging, fostering active participation through virtual classrooms and real-time feedback mechanisms. This approach which is called adaptive learning cultivates a stimulating environment that encourages student engagement and motivation. Despite the advantages of digital tools, speaking anxiety remains a significant barrier for many L2 learners. This study posits that digital teaching methods can mitigate this challenge by facilitating dynamic and flexible communication; thereby, enhancing overall language proficiency in the digital age. The research involved a sample of 120 first-year B.A. English Literature students from eight Arts and Science Colleges in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted on the data collected from the participating institutions. Descriptive analyses highlighted students' experiences and preferences for tools such as PowerPoint presentations, multimedia content, Padlet, and Edmodo. Inferential analysis, employing t- tests, revealed significant improvements in students' language skills attributable to digital teaching interventions. The findings reveal substantial enhancements in both productive and receptive language skills among EFL learners, underlining the positive outcomes of digital interventions. This study underscores the transformative potential of digital tools in L2 education, advocating for a shift towards a more technologically enriched educational landscape that prepares learners for the demands of the modern world. It contributes valuable insights into leveraging digital technologies to advance language education, advocating for their integration across diverse academic disciplines in literature, arts, and humanities.

THE ANALYSIS STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF ORAL SILDENAFIL CITRATE FOR TREATMENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION : A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a medical condition affecting men's sexual performance and well-being. Sildenafil citrate, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, is approved for treating ED. The efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil citrate in treating ED are crucial for successful treatment procedures. Understanding the relationship between the efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil citrate can help develop successful treatment procedures for ED patients. Methods: This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and primarily examined entire English literature published between 2000 and 2024. Only editorials and review articles published in the same publication as the submission were accepted if they possessed a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). A variety of online platforms, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SagePub, were utilized to gather the relevant literature. Result: The study analyzed more than 2000 papers from reputable sources such as Science Direct, SagePub, and PubMed. After deciding to subject eight publications to additional inspection, a thorough evaluation of the entire body of literature was carried out. Conclusion: Sildenafil, a potent treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), has been found to be effective in improving men's psychosocial aspects. It is an inhibitor of PDE5, a condition that affects men's emotional well-being. The study also found that the firmness of erections was linked to improvements in psychosocial aspects. Sildenafil can be used interchangeably with tablets, providing a convenient alternative for those with difficulty swallowing. However, follow-up for men with ED is often inadequate due to improper doses and lack of understanding.

The Analysis Study of Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Clinical Risk of Tramadol as Treatment of Premature Ejaculation : A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Premature ejaculation is a common sexual dysfunction affecting 20%-30% of men. Understanding the effectiveness and potential dangers of tramadol in treating premature ejaculation can help develop efficient treatment protocols. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 principles, this systematic review focused specifically on comprehensive English literature published from 2013 to 2024. Result: The study examined over 2000 papers from respectable sources such as Science Direct, SagePub, and PubMed. Following the decision to subject eight publications to further scrutiny, a comprehensive examination of the complete body of literature was conducted. Conclusion: Tramadol, an analgesic derived from opioids, effectively suppresses premature ejaculation (PE) and enhances sexual satisfaction during sexual intercourse. Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of its use in treating PE are still a subject of discussion due to a lack of solid empirical evidence. Additional investigation is required to ascertain the effectiveness of the medication and its possible adverse effects.

The Analysis Study of Efficacy and Safety of Topical Anesthetic Agent for Treatment of Premature Ejaculation: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Premature ejaculation (PE) affects 20-30% of men globally, with lifelong and acquired types requiring diverse behavioral and pharmacological treatments. This systematic review aims to analyze current evidence on the efficacy and safety of topical anesthetic agent for treatment of premature ejaculation based on literatures of the last 10 years. Methods: The study adhered to PRISMA 2020 standards, examining English literature from 2014 to 2024. PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar were utilized as literature sources. Result: Initially retrieving 360 articles from online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink and Google Scholar) six relevant papers were selected after three rounds of screening for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Overall, the evidence suggests that topical anesthetic agents are effective in treating PE. These agents consistently improve IELT and patient satisfaction, with a favorable safety profile. The findings also highlight the importance of individualized treatment approaches, considering patient preferences, sexual habits, and the specific characteristics of PE.

Research on the Application of 5E Teaching Model in Senior English Writing Teaching

Writing, as a pivotal part of English language teaching, provides an important platform for cultivating students’ core competencies and reflects students’ comprehensive language application ability and language expression ability as well. With the reform of the new college entrance examination, the difficulty of the writing section has increased. Thus, how to adapt to the reform of the college entrance examination and explore new writing teaching methods has become a widely concerned issue among front-line high school teachers. Based on the analysis of the connotation and elements of the 5E teaching model, as well as the current situation of writing teaching, this study combines the 5E teaching model with writing teaching, aiming to explore new effective teaching models, promote reform of writing teaching, and improve the quality of writing teaching.

Expected and unexpected long-term effects of values affirmation in school.

An earlier study in a school in England found that a series of brief values affirmation writing exercises, performed over the course of a school year by students aged 11-14, increased the mathematics attainment of students of low socioeconomic status (SES). This pre-registered follow-up of the original study aims to investigate the long-term effects of values affirmation on low-SES students' attainment. The sample consisted of all students in the analytical sample of the original study who remained at the school and for whom the necessary data were available, N = 409 (95 low-SES). The students' results in high-stakes national standardized assessments at age 16, taken two to four years after the affirmation, were analysed. The evidence did not support the pre-registered hypotheses that values affirmation would raise the attainment of low-SES students in mathematics and English. However, exploratory analyses suggested that for low-SES students in two of the three-year groups, the intervention increased Attainment 8, a broad policy-relevant measure of academic attainment, and increased the attainment of boys in English (in particular English Literature) but reduced the corresponding attainment of girls. The results suggest that the benefits of values affirmation can differ by student cohort and by school subject and that they might be time-limited in some circumstances. This suggests a set of hypotheses that future research could test in order to advance understanding of when values affirmation is, and is not, successful for school students over a sustained period.

The Teaching Writing of English as a Foreign Language in Senior High School: A Qualitative Analysis of Students’ Perceptions in Indonesia

The Teaching Writing of English as a Foreign Language in Senior High School: A Qualitative Analysis of Students’ Perceptions in Indonesia

An Investigation of the Effectiveness of the "5E" Teaching Model in Practical English Writing

An Investigation of the Effectiveness of the "5E" Teaching Model in Practical English Writing

Transformasi Sosial Dalam Novel An Enola Holmes Mystery The Case Of The Missing Marquess Karya Nancy Springer

In this study to analyze how social transformation contained in the novel An Enola Holmes Mystery The Case Of The Missing Marquesss in the Victorian Era. The author used a qualitative descriptive approach in this study. The qualitative descriptive approach refers to the formulation of problems that encourage research to explore or photograph social situations to be researched thoroughly, deeply, and deeply. As a result of this research we can understand the historical and cultural context in the novel, which is set in Victorian era 18th century England. It will provide insight into social, cultural, or historical aspects related to the characters' lives and enrich understanding of their social context. And we can contribute to the study, especially English literature by examining aspects of life transformation in the novel An Enola Holmes Mystery The Case Of The Missing Marquess.

Visual analysis of abdominal aortitis treatment using the CiteSpace bibliometric method.

Abdominal aortitis can induce aneurysms, and tumor rupture can lead to organ ischemia or even sudden death. At present, there is a lack of extensive understanding and identification of key problems in the treatment of abdominal aortitis, which needs to be further analyzed using bibliometric analysis. To discuss the research hotspot and development trend of abdominal aortitis treatment. We searched the English literature (published from January 1, 2000 to March 12, 2024) on the treatment of abdominal aortitis in the Web of Science database. Then, we identified and screened duplicate literature using CiteSpace 6.1R2 software. We conducted an analysis of the number of papers, a co-occurrence analysis of the authors and institutions, and co-occurrence and cluster analyses of the keywords. Then, we drew the author, institution, and keywords of the studies into graphs for visualization. Finally, we expounded on the author, institutional network interactions, and hot keywords of the studies on the treatment of abdominal aortitis. We included 210 English literature articles involving 190 authors; the author cooperation team was mainly represented by Caradu Caroline, Berard Xavier, Lu Guanyi, Harada Kenichi, and Sharma Ashish K. In the keyword analysis, high-frequency keywords include abdominal aortic aneurysm (38), abdominal aorta (24), Takayasu arteritis (22), etc. The three most central keywords were disease (0.69), classification (0.68), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (0.55). The first nine clusters of keywords are case report, abdominal aortic aneurysm, Takayasu arteritis, dyspnea hematuria, aortic elastic, IgG4-related disease, report, mid aortic dysplastic syndrome, and statin. In the keyword emergent analysis, 14 emergent words were obtained. Among them, seven keywords with strong abruptness were Takayasu arteritis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, disease, retroperitoneal fibrosis, expression, management, and large vessel vasculitis. In the past 3 years, the incidences of abdominal aortic aneurysm (intensity: 4.62) and inflammation (intensity: 1.99) were higher. The number of published papers is on the increase, but the cooperation among authors is scattered. The research focus is mainly on the pathogenesis and treatment of abdominal aortitis-related diseases.

Berlin in English: The German capital in recent Anglophone fiction

This article examines the representation of Berlin in a cluster of recent English-language novels by writers including Amit Chaudhuri, Adrian Duncan, Helon Habila, Hari Kunzru, Lauren Oyler, Chris Power, Bea Setton and Matthew Sperling. Showing how the use of English in Berlin has been at the centre of contemporary German debates about migration and cultural identity and explaining how the image of Berlin in English literature has often been balanced between pulp and literary fiction, it asks if this body of contemporary Anglophone writing amounts to something more than literary tourism. Examining its representation of Berlin as both a mnemonic and touristic space, the acuity of its depiction of the city three decades after reunification, and the ways in which it represents different forms of migration to the city, the article contends that these novels do have valuable things to say, particularly concerning the ways in which an urban literary imaginary is being reconfigured for a digital age.

Antonym and Oppositeness: A Cognitive Training Approach of Thinking in English Writing in the AI Era

Antonym and Oppositeness: A Cognitive Training Approach of Thinking in English Writing in the AI Era

An Analysis of Differentiated Learning Strategies in the Implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar in Teaching English Writing Skills

The present study aimed to disclose the state of English writing proficiency among students and analyze how differentiated learning strategies in Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar approaches address the needs of different student populations when teaching writing English. This study used descriptive qualitative methods which employed observation, questionnaire and interview to collect the data. The participants of this study were one English subject teacher and 35 grade XK of students of MA. Muallimat NWDI Pancor in the academic year 2023-2024. The study's findings demonstrated that, while students' writing is currently in fairly good condition, it is far from perfect, as shown by the percentage data presented. The occasionally answer had the highest percentage data presentation, totaling 42.86%. There were 24 students who thought that they had difficulty to found an interesting idea to write about. Differentiated learning strategies can meet the needs of divers students in teaching writing English throuhg deviding students based on learning styles, namely visual, auditory and kinesthetic. It supports the quality of students' English writing learning, especially in finding interesting topics to write about because this learning provides suitability of materials, processes and tasks or projects according to the needs, abilities and creativity of students in the learning process.

Picture-Cued Sequence Task: How Does It Effect to Students’ English Writing Ability?

The research aimed to find out the effect of picture-cued sequence tasks (PCST) in improving students’ writing ability and the students’ perspectives on the use of PCST in writing. This research carried out quantitative method and quasi experimental design, conducted by using pre-test, treatment, and post- test. The researchers also gave the closed questionnaire to the class who were taught by using PCST. The population was the 8th students of SMP N 6 Semarang in the academic year 2024/2025. The samples were 8F as a control group and 8H as an experimental group. The control group was taught without using PCST; however, the experimental group was taught by using PCST. The data was collected by giving the writing test about recount text and closed questionnaire to 8H class. The researchers analyzed the collected data by using a t-test. The result of data analysis showed that the value of t-count higher than t-table (9.976>2.042) at the level of significant of a 0,025 and degree of freedom is 31. It means that the (Ha) was accepted and (Ho) was rejected. To add, the result of closed questionnaire also proved that the use of PCST have an effectiveness in improving students’ writing ability.

A Study on Teacher’s Regulative Discourse in Online Academic English Writing Course

This study investigates the use of teachers’ regulative discourse in an online academic writing course from the perspective of Bernstein’s pedagogic discourse theory. By observing and analyzing the data from the “Academic English Writing” course on the China University MOOC platform, the study examines the forms, syntactic expressions, and functions of directives used by teachers in online classes and explores their impact on teaching and student learning. The findings reveal that teachers prefer to use direct regulative discourses, such as imperative sentences while utilizing indirect and more polite discourses less frequently. The findings help to provide references for MOOC teachers to optimize their use of regulative discourse.

The Use of WhatsApp in English Writing Activities: A Correlational Study of the Use of WhatsApp and the Writing Performance

The Use of WhatsApp in English Writing Activities: A Correlational Study of the Use of WhatsApp and the Writing Performance

Systematic review and meta-analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease.

This systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on activities of daily living (ADLs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Ten databases were retrieved for pertinent Chinese and English literatures published up until January 2024. All RCTs of rTMS for ADLs in AD were included in this meta-analysis. Two researchers independently selected the literatures, retrieved the data of included literatures, accessed risk-of-bias of literatures with the Cochrane Collaboration's quality criteria and then cross-checked. Meta-analysis was carried out with Cochrane's Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.4). The PRISMA guidelines were followed in this systematic review. The 37 literatures involving 2461 patients with AD were included in this study. Compared with the control groups received the interventions such as routine pharmacotherapy, cognitive training, ect., with/without sham-rTMS, the experiment groups received the interventions of the control groups and rTMS. The findings were as follows: ADL scale [mean difference (MD) = -3.92, 95%CI (-4.93, -2.91), P < 0.00001]; Barthel Index (BI) [MD = 9.75, 95% CI (6.66, 12.85), P < 0.00001]; Modified Barthel Index (MBI) [MD = 5.43, 95% CI (3.13, 7.73), P < 0.00001]. The differences were statistically significant for all indicators. In 29 studies, rTMS stimulation sites were located in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The rTMS could improve the ADLs in AD patients, and the DLPFC was a frequently used stimulation site of the rTMS for AD treatment.

How to Help High School Students’ Reduce English Writing Anxiety

How to Help High School Students’ Reduce English Writing Anxiety

An In-Depth Examination of the Sociocultural Framework-Informed Practical Model of Scaffolded Feedback in Enhancing Senior High School English Writing Instruction

This study deeply analyzes the application of scaffolded feedback in senior high school English writing instruction under the framework of sociocultural theory. Based on Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) concept and Lantof’s 13-level Regulatory scale, this paper constructs a scaffolded feedback model to improve students’ writing ability through personalized instruction. This paper argues that under the framework of this model, teachers should follow the principles of negotiation, graduation and contingency when providing scaffolded feedback to ensure that students gradually transition from dependence on external adjustment to self-adjustment. In conclusion, the research finds that scaffolded feedback model can effectively promote the development of students’ self-correction ability and stimulate their independent learning and critical thinking. And the research can also provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for English writing teaching in high school.