English Translation Research Articles

Johannes Schröder in the Resistance Against Hitler

Abstract: After joining the National Committee for a Free Germany, Military Chaplain Johannes Schröder, taken prisoner by the Soviets in Stalingrad, was able to address listeners in Germany over Radio Moscow from the fall of 1943 until the fall of 1945. More than eighty of his sermons and speeches have been preserved and published as a book in 2021. In this article, two of these pieces are published in an English translation, supplemented by an introduction that explains the historical context. Schröder openly demanded the overthrow of Hitler and the Nazi Regime in Germany. For Schröder, confessing German guilt was a precondition for the creation of a new Germany. While leaders of the Confessing Church like Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Martin Niemöller had been silenced by the Nazis, Schröder was able to explain the fundamental theological tenets that had been formulated at Barmen in 1934. Schröder’s speeches and sermons therefore offer an exciting new view of the resistance against Hitler.

The 1912 notebook of Fr. Julian Malumbres, O.P. on the properties of the churches the Dominicans administered in Cagayan until 1898

This paper is a transcribed thirty-one-paged notebook of a compilation of three reports: (1) the property survey of the Spaniard Don Senen Palao, (2) notes of Fr. Julian Malumbres, OP and (3) letters of three surviving friars that left the Philippines after the Philippine Revolution of 1898. An English translation is provided and annotations are used as cross-references into contemporary works and later researches to further enrich and simplify the referencing of the information provided. The data on the ecclesiastical properties are tabulated for easier reading. A brief description of them and attached maps (scaled and unscaled) related to the towns are mentioned, as well as supplemental photographs to show a glimpse of the totality of the narrative of the notebook of Fr. Malumbres. This also opens the opportunities to revisit Cagayan due to the historical, architectural, and archaeological interest the notebook holds to further understand the scope of the Dominican properties in the province until 1898.

Homonym and polysemy approaches with morphology extraction in weighting terms for Indonesian to English machine translation

Homonym and polysemy approaches with morphology extraction in weighting terms for Indonesian to English machine translation

The Study of Metaphor Translation in News English from the Perspective of Relevance Translation Theory

With rapid globalization, people need to read news reports every day to keep pace with the changing world. News, especially English news, has become one of the most effective and fastest means to disseminate information in different languages and cultural backgrounds. The metaphor, as an essential rhetorical method, is always used in news English. The correct understanding of metaphors in the news plays a crucial role in obtaining news information accurately. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve the optimal metaphor translation in news English, so as to promote communication and mutual understanding between different cultures. This paper adopts the relevance translation theory as the theoretical basis. Firstly, the research on the translation of metaphor and news English is reviewed. Secondly, the overview and applicability of the relevance translation theory are elaborated. Finally, under the guidance of this theory, this paper analyzes the three translation methods adopted by translators in translating metaphors, based on the specific examples of news English.

An assessment of translating religious and magical aspects in "Arabian nights" into English

This thesis discusses the difficulties of translating "Arabian Nights" from Arabic to English, focusing on cultural and religious elements. It analyzes translation strategies from the 19th century to the present by using Katharina Reiss' text typology framework. English translations nevertheless influenced by historical biases and misconceptions. Modern translations show more cultural sensitivity but struggle to fully convey nuances. Market expectations often lead to domestication in translation approaches. The research emphasizes the tension between making the text accessible to Western audiences while keeping its cultural authenticity. It contributes to discussions on literary translation and cultural preservation, emphasizing the need for more complex, culturally aware approaches in translating works across diverse linguistic and cultural landscapes. This study provides insights to inform future translation efforts and cross-cultural literary studies, addressing the difficult balance between reader accessibility and cultural integrity in literary translation.

Service Awareness in Translation: A Case Study of English and Portuguese Translation of Mo Yan’s Fengru Feitun

“Service awareness” refers to translators’ clear understanding of who they are serving, how they are supposed to serve, and what they are serving for during the translation process. This paper, based on first-hand examples, examines Goldblatt’s English translation and Martins’ Portuguese translation of Mo Yan’s masterpiece Fengru feitun [Big Breasts and Wide Hips] from the perspective of “service awareness in translation”. The present paper finds that both the English translator and the Portuguese translator have good “service awareness” in their translations. Their “service awareness” is mainly reflected in the abridgments and rewritings of the source text at the structural, cultural, and lexical levels. These modifications have improved the readability of the translations. In other words, the translators have offered good “services” to their readers. This study analyzes the reasons behind the abridgements and rewrites.

Translating Indian Algebra in the Seventeenth Century: ʿAtāʾollāh Roshdi’s Persian Version of Bhāskara II’s Bījagaṇita

Abstract One of the most important works in the field of medieval Indian mathematics corresponding to algebra is Bījagaṇita (Seed Calculation), a Sanskrit treatise by the famous mathematician and astronomer Bhāskara II (or Bhāskarācārya, c. 1114–aft. 1183). This paper is a general overview of the Tarjoma-ye Bij ganet (The Translation of the Bījagaṇita, 1634), a Persian text composed by the mathematician ʿAtāʾollāh Roshdi (or Rashidi), who served at the court of the Mughal emperor Shāh Jahān (r. 1628–58). The translation is divided into an introduction, subdivided in six chapters (bāb), and five books (maqāla). After discussing both Bhāskara II and Roshdi, I compare the latter’s translation with the original Sanskrit text on the basis of available English translations. I will also demonstrate how an intermediate language, which played an important role in the connection of South Asian scientific sources, facilitated this translation.

Automated programming approaches to enhance computer-aided translation accuracy

With the continued development of information technology and increased global cultural exchanges, translation has gained significant attention. Traditional manual translation relies heavily on dictionaries or personal experience, translating word by word. While this method ensures high translation quality, it is often too slow to meet the demands of today’s fast-paced environment. Computer-assisted translation (CAT) addresses the issue of slow translation speed; however, the quality of CAT translations still requires rigorous evaluation. This study aims to answer the following questions: How do CAT systems that use automated programming fare compared to more conventional methods of human translation when translating English vocabulary? (2) How can CAT systems be improved to handle difficult English words, specialised terminology, and semantic subtleties? The working premise is that CAT systems that use automated programming techniques will outperform traditional methods in terms of translation accuracy. English vocabulary plays a crucial role in translation, as words can have different meanings depending on the context. CAT systems improve their translation accuracy by utilising specific automated programs and building a translation corpus through translation memory technology. This study compares the accuracy of English vocabulary translations produced by CAT based on automatic programming with those produced by traditional manual translation. Experimental results demonstrate that CAT based on automatic programming is 8% more accurate than traditional manual translation when dealing with complex English vocabulary sentences, professional jargon, English acronyms, and semantic nuances. Consequently, compared to conventional human translation, CAT can enhance the accuracy of English vocabulary translation, making it a valuable tool in the translation industry.

Debating Biblical Translation in Late Elizabethan England

Abstract This article explores how Protestants defended the co-existence of multiple translations of the Bible into English in Elizabethan England. The matter of biblical plurality is considered through the prism of the debates surrounding bible translation which occurred throughout the 1580s between the Catholic translator of the Bible into English, Gregory Martin (c. 1542–1582), and the English Protestant polemicist William Fulke (1537/8–1589). It is contended that this debate, which has tended to be cast as a storm in a teacup, reveals how Protestants responded, innovatively, to the publication of the Catholic English New Testament. Attention is paid to how Martin attacked the existence of the many different Protestant English bible translations in circulation and, reciprocally, how Fulke defended them. This study of the Martin and Fulke debate thereby unsettles some long-standing assumptions about the combative relationship between different versions of the English Bible and it points, instead, to ways in which contemporaries might have seen the plurality of translations as spiritually and polemically advantageous. Fulke's arguments help us to comprehend how, prior to early seventeenth-century attempts to restrict the existence of multiple English bibles, some Elizabethans responded to, and even defended, the plurality of English bible translations which had come to exist.

A deep learning-based intelligent method for mining sentiment words in English translation texts

Abstract The current conventional sentiment lexicon mining methods mainly achieve lexical extraction by mining the sentiment features of words, which leads to poor mining effect due to the lack of building sentiment lexicon. In this regard, the intelligent mining method of sentiment lexicon of English translation text based on deep learning is proposed, and the intelligent mining algorithm is optimized by extracting lexical templates with generality, constructing sentiment lexicon, and building convolutional network to extract lexical features. In the experiments, the mining performance of the proposed method is verified. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the mining method is above 80%, which is higher than the other algorithms. The above results show that the proposed method has a more ideal effect in mining the emotional vocabulary of English translated text.

The Translator’s Dilemma: Howard Goldblatt’s Translation Strategies in “Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out”

Since the 21st century, under the backdrop of the “going global” strategy of Chinese culture, the international influence of Chinese literary works has been growing. Among them, Howard Goldblatt’s translation of “Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out” is an outstanding representative of the English translation of contemporary Chinese literature. The translator Howard Goldblatt’s masterful translation of the original work’s national culture, linguistic form, and special structure is key to the success of the translation in overseas markets. This paper studies specific translation examples from Goldblatt’s English version of “Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out” and analyzes the translator’s translation strategies from the perspective of Polysystem Theory. It also explores the reasons from several angles, including the translating subject, content, strategy, and sponsors. The study finds that the translator Howard Goldblatt has seized the opportunity of Chinese culture “going global” and skillfully combined domestication and foreignization in the translation process of “Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out” effectively conveying Chinese cultural elements to readers while considering their reading interests and cultural backgrounds, thus making the translation more appealing to target language readers and promoting its effective overseas dissemination.

Research on English Translation and Overseas Dissemination of Chinese Calligraphy

This article explores the aesthetic value and profound connotations of Chinese calligraphy as well as the translating strategies for its overseas dissemination. By comparison and contrast of different translation such as literal translation, free translation and intersemiotic translation, the article summarizes that the theory of intersemiotic translation provides a new perspective and methodological guidance for translating Chinese calligraphy into English. The article also analyzes the current situation and challenges during disseminating Chinese calligraphy overseas, and proposes combining new media and network technology is an effective means for overseas dissemination of Chinese calligraphy.

English Translation of Shaanxi Noodles in Cross-cultural Communication

In the realm of culinary arts, Shaanxi noodles, with their rich history and unique flavors, represent a vital aspect of Chinese food culture. As globalization develops, the translation and dissemination of these traditional dishes in English have become crucial for fostering cross-cultural communication. This paper delves into the nuances of translating Shaanxi noodles into English, emphasizing the importance of cultural fidelity, linguistic accuracy, and appeal to international audiences. By analyzing existing translations and proposing refined versions, this study aims to contribute to the effective communication of Shaanxi's culinary heritage in a global context.

Study on the Overseas Reader Reviews of English Translation of Sanguo Yanyi

<p>Reader evaluation is a key step in measuring the effectiveness of literary translations. A thorough investigation of the reception of Chinese classical novels among overseas readers can help us understand Western readers’ acceptance, value judgments, and preferences regarding these works. This study aims to assess the translation quality and value of the English version of <em>Sanguo Yanyi</em> by Yu Sumei. By collecting reader reviews from platforms such as Amazon and Goodreads, we employ KHCoder text analysis software to generate visualizations that analyze reader feedback. The results indicate that several main factors influence reader evaluations of this translation, including translation quality, English language experience, narrative coherence, and overall reading experience. Therefore, Chinese translators should comprehensively consider the needs and reading habits of overseas readers when translating classical Chinese novels.</p>

Research on the English Translation of The Book of Songs from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics: A Case Study of Xiao Ya·Cai Wei

The English translation of the Chinese classic The Book of Songs serves as an important bridge for cultural exchange between China and the West, profoundly influencing the dissemination of Chinese culture abroad. This paper explores how to improve the quality of English translations of The Book of Songs by considering reader reception, using the widely circulated excerpt Xiao Ya · Cai Wei as a case study. Employing a comparative analysis of the two classic translations by the well-known Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong and the renowned British translator James Legge, this study found the two translations have their respective pros and cons. To improve translation quality for future international dissemination of Chinese culture, a form of collaborative translation by Chinese and English-speaking translators is recommended.

PECULIARITIES OF THE KEY IMAGES CONVEYING OF А.S. PUSHKIN’S POEM “TO THE SLANDERERS OF RUSSIA” IN ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS

The article deals with the peculiarities of rendering the key images of A.S. Pushkin’s poem “To the Slanderers of Russia” in the English translations. The research aims at comparative analysis of the key images rendering and stylistic features of the poem. The research material comprises three English translations. The article analyses the transformation of the text and its key images. In particular, the article compares the semantic fields of the original lexemes with their English equivalents. It is defined how the translator’s selection of a particular translation unit affects the tonality of the work. Moreover, the impact of the historical context and the translators’ personal perception on the translated text is analysed. The article deals with the problem of transferring realities when translating a poetic text. The study applies elements of etymological, comparative-historical and comparative analyses. The images conveyed are actively undergone various translational transformations. The transferred images are actively subjected to various translation transformations.

THE ELEGY “DON’T ASK ME WHY, ALONE IN DISMAL THOUGHT” BY АLEXANDER РUSHKIN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS

The article focuses on the problem of translating Pushkin’s lyrics into English in the 20th-21st centuries. The object of study is the content and form of A.S. Pushkin’s elegy “To *** (Don’t ask me why, alone in dismal thought)” in English translations. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of conveying the form and the contents of Pushkin’s poem, with two translations of the elegy, made by Vyacheslav Chistyakov and Andrey Kneller, as a case study. The analysis of two previously unexplored translations of Pushkin’s text constitutes the novelty of the study. The tasks of the study were as follows: to describe the peculiarities of the given translations, to outline the group of the key words of the poem, describe discrepancies in their translation. The study showed that numerous translation transformations were used by the translators. Kneller’s translation is more adequate because of avoiding emotionally charged language.

The Strategic Plan of the Working Day

“The Working Day” chapter of Capital makes sense today as an illustration of collective struggle over the sale of labor power by the hour. The historical materials in the chapter are instructive if read under the tutelage of Gertrud Kugelmann, considering the advice Karl Marx offers to her on where to start. A reassessment of Marx’s writing process is possible via his various plans in letters, his comments on method, the various sources used, and evaluating the role they have in Capital volume 1. Several scholars read Marx on commodities that “speak” but may sometimes miss idioms in English translation. Reading the German text can help us when searching for theoretical and political strategies for contemporary emancipation. With implications for replies to critics of Marx on slavery, my case is that the staging in Capital offers diagnostic potential where attention to the Parliamentary Blue Books might generate new research agendas, addressing current problems of time, social reproduction, climate, and class struggle. JEL Classification: B14

Study on the English Translation of “Xi-style” Speech from the Perspective of Appraisal system --Taking Xi Jinping’s keynote speech at the China-Central Asia Summit as an Example

By analyzing the English translation of “Working Together for a China-Central Asia Community with a Shared Future, Featuring Mutual Assistance, Common Development, Universal Security, and Everlasting Friendship” delivered by President Xi Jinping, who presided over the first China-Central Asia Summit in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, on May 19, 2023, the article analyze how President Xi's keynote address used the attitude of evaluation theory system to promote China's joining hands with Central Asian countries to build the Belt and Road, and to lead the future in-depth cooperation between China and the Central Asian region.

Analysis of Three Beauties Theory in Xu Yuanchong’s English Translation of Classical Chinese Love Poems

This study explores Xu Yuanchong’s Three Beauties Theory and its manifestation in translating Classical Chinese love poems into English. The Three Beauties Theory emphasizes achieving beauty in meaning, sound, and form to preserve the original’s aesthetic and emotional depth. Using a qualitative approach, the study examines five of Xu’s translated poems selected to represent these three facets. Data were drawn from Xu’s published translations, and thematic analysis was applied to evaluate how well his work maintains the nuanced, poetic qualities of the source material. The results of the analysis reveal both the strengths and limitations of the Three Beauties Theory in capturing the original poems’ cultural resonance and artistic integrity. The findings of this study highlight Xu Yuanchong's Three Beauties theory as a significant method in cross-cultural literary communication and a valuable framework for future translators to bridge linguistic and cultural gaps while retaining the artistic integrity of classical poetry.