English Terms Research Articles

Assessing language barriers in health facilities in Malawi.

Language barriers in healthcare lead to miscommunication between professionals and patients, thereby reducing the quality of and equitable access to healthcare. In African countries, the recognition and formal study of these barriers is severely limited despite Africa having more languages than any other continent. Our study investigates language barriers in healthcare facilities in Zomba district in Malawi, where three major local languages are spoken. We employed a mixed methods approach and conducted a questionnaire-led study. Data were gathered at 22 health facilities, from 79 healthcare professionals and 312 outpatients using a semi-structured questionnaire. Findings were corroborated using document analysis to review legislation and policies, curriculum documents and patient notes. Language discordance emerged as a problem for professionals and patients. Both faced challenges due to vocabulary limitations for medical terms in English and Chichewa. Professionals did not receive training on how to effectively communicate medical concepts in local languages. Most patients did not speak English, which was used for all written records. Patient understanding of the information given to them verbally during consultations or in written health notes was very low, and this diminished their confidence in the diagnosis or treatment they received. Social factors including gender, age or patient experience, as well as patient literacy or perceived low literacy, poor rapport between healthcare professionals and patients, and a lack of privacy during consultations all exacerbated communication issues. Consequences of language barriers included unsatisfactory care experiences and compromised exchanges of health information. Strategies used by professionals to cope with these challenges were flexibility in the choice of language, reliance on physical checks and non-verbal communication indicators and the occasional use of ad-hoc interpretations. Language barriers in healthcare facilities in Malawi have serious implications on the quality of healthcare provided. We propose solutions such as the development of dictionaries with phrases for symptoms and conditions, sensitisation courses that incorporate language considerations for both professionals and patients. Policies such as the provision of interpreters and staff allocation are discussed. We recognise that coordinated efforts at national and international levels are key to securing significant funding for effective interventions.

Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease (Version 2024).

With the rising epidemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in China, metabolic dysfunction-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease. This condition frequently occurs in Chinese patients with alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis B. To address the impending public health crisis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its underlying metabolic issues, the Chinese Society of Hepatology and the Chinese Medical Association convened a panel of clinical experts to revise and update the "Guideline of prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2018, China)". The new edition, titled "Guideline for the prevention and treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (Version 2024)", offers comprehensive recommendations on key clinical issues, including screening and monitoring, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment, and follow-up for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is now the preferred English term and is used interchangeably with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Additionally, the guideline emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration among hepatologists and other specialists to manage cardiometabolic disorders and liver disease effectively.

USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF RWANDA

This study explored the impact of English language proficiency on students performance in Mathematics in Kirehe Districts public secondary schools. It aims to assess students English skills in math classes, identify challenges stemming from language barriers, and determine the correlation between English proficiency and math performance. The research involved 336 students, from which 183 respondents, including head teachers, teachers, and students from four schools, were selected through purposive and random sampling methods. A descriptive research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted, with data collected via questionnaires, interviews, and observations, then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Findings revealed that 76.5% of students understood basic math terms in English, while 89.7% felt confident discussing challenges in math. However, 81.8% struggled with complex instructions due to unfamiliar vocabulary. Anxiety about using English was noted by 86.8% of students, and 94.1% reported difficulties with lengthy word problems. The study found a significant correlation between teachers English skills and student performance, participation, and learning independence. Recommendations include prioritizing access to English resources, providing teacher incentives for language skill enhancement, and using clear, concise language in instruction. Further research on the relationship between English proficiency and students attitudes toward Mathematics is suggested.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MYOCARDITIS AND DENGUE

Introduction: Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle, can arise as a complication of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease. It is essential to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to monitor and treat cardiac complications in patients with dengue fever at an early stage. Diagnostic tests include serology, PCR, and echocardiography. From a review study on cardiac involvement in dengue, it was found that this complication is significant and demands a multidisciplinary approach . Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive integrative review to explore the relationship between myocarditis and dengue fever. Methodology: Articles were searched in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar,Ministry of Health, and ScienceDirect, using search terms in both Portuguese and English. Out of 122 articles found, 74 were selected for analysis, and 13 were included in the results. Results: The studies examined the relationship between dengue fever and myocarditis, with a focus on the cardiovascular manifestations of dengue fever and the prevalence of myocarditis in infected patients. Analysis of the articles revealed a significant prevalence of myocarditis in patients with dengue, highlighting a strong association between the two conditions. Discussion: Dengue patients frequently present with cardiac issues such as myocarditis, necessitating early detection to prevent serious complications. Effective vector control is crucial to reducing the impact of dengue. These findings provide direction for future research and the development of targeted therapies. Conclusion: Early identification of cardiac complications, such as myocarditis in dengue patients, is crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality. Ongoing research into the pathophysiological mechanisms is vital for the development of specific treatments. The study concludes that myocarditis is commonly associated with dengue, requiring meticulous medical monitoring.

A reflection on making ‘Religion’ in China: The Genealogy of Zongjiao through cultural exchange

The term Zongjiao [宗教] originally referring to the teachings of Buddhism and Chinese ancestral worship was not considered the equivalent for the English term ‘religion’ until the late 19th century when Japanese translated religion as shūkyō [宗教]. The later introduction of the concept of Zongjiao into China via Japan triggered a deep exploration of the differences between religion and Jiao among Chinese intellectuals like Liang Qichao, Kang Youwei and Peng Guangyu, representing Chinese scholars’ conceptualisation and reflections of Chinese traditional religious belief, practices and phenomena within the context of Western religious culture. Rather than a simple lexical selection, the translation of ‘religion’ essentially was a process of making the notion of ‘religion’ in China, which had provided valuable insight into the nature of Chinese Confucianism culture and was closely related to the understanding of the state–church relationship in China. With continuous cultural exchanges and integration, reflecting on this translation process will provide a more inclusive perspective on the complexity and diversity of religions and facilitate mutual learning.Contribution: This article briefly reviews the process of accepting Zongjiao [宗教] as the equivalent for the Western term ‘religion’ in China, in order to shed light on how such translation has influenced people’s understanding of religion and the inclusiveness contained in the study of religion.

TRANSLATION OF THE MYSTERY PLAY NOAH, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE THEORY

The general aim of this work was to translate the mystery play Noah, from medieval English literature. To this end, this article presents the theory behind the translation proposal: Dynamic Equivalence Theory (Nida, 2001). In addition to Nida (idem), our research was based on Orlin (2006), Herenkov (2011), Palmer (2008), Bell (1991), Venuti (1995) and Pym (2010). Since the methodological proposal is a Middle English work, we consulted online dictionaries of Middle English terms, online libraries specializing in medieval literature, and online translation tools. The result of this work (translation of the play Noah into Portuguese) can be found at the end of this article. In this way, we hope to have contributed to the democratization of reading, the dissemination of knowledge, and the perpetuation of knowledge.

Measuring Happiness and Life Satisfaction amongst Swedish Citizens: an Inquiry into Semantic Equivalence in Comparative Survey Research

A consistent empirical finding is that Scandinavian countries by international standards score steadily high in terms of subjectively reported levels of happiness and life satisfaction. Intrigued by previous findings in Denmark (Lolle and Goul Anderson in Metode Og Forskningsdesign 1:95–119, 2013, in Journal of Happiness Studies 6:1–14)), this paper confirms that this is partly due to language effects. In this paper, Sweden serves as a case study that, similar to the Danish study, seeks to determine whether it is possible to establish semantic equivalence between translated survey items. By using randomized experiments on a representative sample of Swedish citizens with fluent skills in English, we test the effects of different designs in question wordings and response scale labels implemented by international surveys. The results reveal significant differences in answers on happiness. While the mean differences are very small, the distribution of answers is substantial enough to confirm a strong semantic threshold between the English term happy the Swedish term lycklig. Hence, it requires something more to be “very happy” in Swedish than in English. Notably, language appears to have a lesser impact on the distribution of responses across language groups when using a numbered response scale with endpoint labels, indicating that a particular question design either mitigates or intensifies translational effects. Happiness, it is concluded, is not easily translated and survey practitioners should bear this caveat in mind when operationalizing the concept across countries and cultures.

Terminology of medicines used to control seizure disorders: 2024 ILAE Recommendations and profile of real-world term use

Background. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has provided recommendations on the terminology of medicines for control of seizure disorders, which should be adapted into different languages.Objective: to evaluate the usage profile of terms describing the effects of medicines used in patients with epilepsy.Material and methods. The search query analysis systems Google Trends and Yandex Wordstat as well as PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and eLibrary databases were used to evaluate the general public and professional usage profile, respectively.The following terms in Russian and English were studied: “antiepileptic”, “antiepileptic drug”, “antiseizure”, “antiseizure drug”. In order to ascertain a prevailing opinion within professional and patient communities, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the public online resources of the non-profit partnership “The Association of Epileptologists and Patients” carried out via the cloud-based cross-platform social media as well as instant messaging service Telegram and the social media platform VK.Results. In the English-speaking internet segment, the term “antiepileptic” is used more than 5 times frequently than “antiseizure” by the general public. Conversely, in the Russian-language segment, the term “antiseizure” is almost 2.5 times more common. The term “antiepileptic” is more prevalent in scientific community in both segments. This finding aligns with the profile of terminology usage observed among epileptologists and epilepsy patients. The questionnaire survey results revealed that 56.42% of 179 respondents were in favor of the terms “antiepileptic drug”, “AED” and “antiepileptic therapy”, whereas as few as 17.32% of those endorsed the ILAE-proposed terminology.Conclusion. In light of the established practice of terminology use in both professional scientific community and among practicing epileptologists and epileptic patients, as well as the differences in the semantics of English- and Russian-language terms and the identified lack of precision in the ILAE definition of epilepsy, it can be concluded that for the Russian-speaking population, the terms “antiepileptic drug”, “AED” are more preferable rather than the terms “antiseizure medication”, “ASM”. Additionally, it is preferable to use the terms “convulsive ictus” and “epileptic ictus” due to negative connotation with term “seizure” in Russian. The terms “antiseizure” and “antiepileptic” should not be regarded as mutually exclusive in the context of treatment that has a direct impact on epilepsy course. Finally, it is necessary to further refine epilepsy definition and classification.

Virtual Communication in the Online Game Counter-Strike as an English Learning Media

This research is motivated by the rise of people who play online games, one of which is the online game Counter-Strike 2, which is favored by the world community. Playing Counter-Strike 2 online games can be used as a medium of learning English because, in Counter-Strike 2 online games, you can communicate with the international community using English. People can improve their English language skills through the experience they get when communicating virtually with the global community by playing Counter-Strike 2 online games. The purpose of this study is for people to take advantage of Counter-Strike 2 online games, not just entertainment media so that they can use them to communicate virtually with the international public as a medium of learning and honing skills in English. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used by researchers are interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results of this study show that playing the online game Counter-Strike 2 can be used as a medium of learning English. This is due to the player's habit of communicating with each player using the international language, namely English, when the game starts. Learning English through Counter-Strike 2 online games can add new knowledge that does not exist in formal education or books. Namely, we can learn new terms in English, known as slang. If you are used to communicating with the international public, it can increase your confidence in using English.

Mindful Eating in Healthcare: A Concept Analysis

Purpose: This study aims to clarify the concept of mindful eating in healthcare and provide a basis for the development of related interventions in the healthcare field.Methods: This study was conducted according to the framework based on Rodgers' evolutionary view. The initial data of 879 in total were collected through databases (PubMed, CINAHL). included article only written in English and search term was ‘mindful’ and ‘eating’, and ‘health or healthcare or health science or medical or nursing'. There was no restriction on the year of publication and disciplines. In a total of 879 articles, 81 were finally included according to the researcher's selection and exclusion criteria.Results: A total of 4 attributes of mindful eating were identified ('Concentration to food', 'Sustained attention to self', 'Self-regulation', and 'The pursuit of pleasure'). There were 2 Antecedents ('Response to craving' and 'Voluntary will') and 3 Consequences ('Changes in eating habits', 'Physical health', and 'Emotional health') for this.Conclusion: This concept analysis describes mindful eating within the context of healthcare. It is anticipated that this paper will enhance the clarity and precision of its use in future tool development and intervention research, while promoting its broader application in the field of nursing.

Formation of the Scientific and Educational Landscape of the Digital Economy of the Countries of the Organization of Turkic States and the Eurasian Economic Union

The importance of creating and disseminating national digital terminology in the state language was noted. Problems in the field of language terminology in the IT sphere are considered. The impact of the digital transformation of the economy and the spread of English technical terms into the national language is described. A project has been proposed to create a dictionary of digital terms in the Kazakh language with the participation of international experts from the countries of the Organization of Turkic States and the Eurasian Economic Union with the aim of their possible harmonization and use of the online platform.

MULTICOMPONENCE AS A STRUCTURAL PECULIARITY OF MILITARY TERMS IN FOREIGN MASS MEDIA INTO RUSSIAN TRANSLATION

This article delves into the important analysis of the structural peculiarities of multicomponent military terms, a topic of increasing importance due to the need to describe professional objects and concepts, identify complex ideas, and unearth new dimensions of the studied phenomena. The prevalence of multicomponent terminology in foreign mass media resources underscores its significance in the media landscape. The purpose of the article is to explore the structural characteristics of multicomponent military terms extracted from mass media sources, providing a Russian translation. We also seek to identify the primary formulas and constituent components of these terms. By doing so, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of how English military terms can be formed and the development of a terminological dictionary that will include the latest examples of multicomponent military terms. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its focus on a particular and specialized domain of terminological studies, which will help to comprehend the challenges associated with understanding the structural and semantic features of multicomponent military terms, their word formation and constituent components frequently used in their structural models. The results obtained can also serve as a foundation for other fields of terminology.The research methodology is a combination of different research methods, such as the method of continuous sampling, component analysis, and word-formation analysis, which are used to analyze the selected material, and the quantitative approach helps to deal with the numerical data. The systematized examples of multicomponent military terms, categorized into two-, three-, and four-component terms and compound terms with hyphenated spelling, are accompanied by the corresponding translation. The findings of this research will equip translators, researchers, and practitioners with a deeper understanding of the challenges and strategies involved in analyzing the structural models of multicomponent military terms, thereby enhancing their professional capabilities.

Exploration of the Combination of Online and Offline Teaching of Undergraduate Computer English

In the undergraduate computer English teaching, it is found that the prior knowledge base of undergraduates is uneven, and the cognition of professional English terms of related nouns is different, which brings difficulties to the teaching of this course, resulting in poor teaching effect, and it is necessary to explain the knowledge before it can be carried out in the follow-up teaching. Therefore, the online platform is used to interact with students in real time during the course to ensure that the students' online rate and concentration in the classroom are high, improve the teaching efficiency, and promote the improvement of students' thinking and professional English skills.

Is artificial intelligence for medical professionals serving the patients?

BackgroundAlgorithmic decision-making (ADM) utilises algorithms to collect and process data and develop models to make or support decisions. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of support systems that can be superior to medical professionals without AI support in certain tasks. However, whether patients can benefit from this remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current evidence on patient-relevant benefits and harms, such as improved survival rates and reduced treatment-related complications, when healthcare professionals use ADM systems (developed using or working with AI) compared to healthcare professionals without AI-related ADM (standard care)—regardless of the clinical issues.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA statement, MEDLINE and PubMed (via PubMed), Embase (via Elsevier) and IEEE Xplore will be searched using English free text terms in title/abstract, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Embase Subject Headings (Emtree fields). Additional studies will be identified by contacting authors of included studies and through reference lists of included studies. Grey literature searches will be conducted in Google Scholar. Risk of bias will be assessed by using Cochrane’s RoB 2 for randomised trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomised trials. Transparent reporting of the included studies will be assessed using the CONSORT-AI extension statement. Two researchers will screen, assess and extract from the studies independently, with a third in case of conflicts that cannot be resolved by discussion.DiscussionIt is expected that there will be a substantial shortage of suitable studies that compare healthcare professionals with and without ADM systems concerning patient-relevant endpoints. This can be attributed to the prioritisation of technical quality criteria and, in some cases, clinical parameters over patient-relevant endpoints in the development of study designs. Furthermore, it is anticipated that a significant portion of the identified studies will exhibit relatively poor methodological quality and provide only limited generalisable results.Systematic review registrationThis study is registered within PROSPERO (CRD42023412156).

Types of Code-Switching Found in The Friday Podcast

The objective of this study is to know the various types of code switching found in The Friday Podcast, especially in episode 213. Descriptive qualitative method is used to analyse the data. This study analyzed the different types of code switching using Appel & Muysken theory of Bilingualism, as presented in their book entitled Language Contact and Bilingualism (1987). There are three types of code switching stated by Appel & Muysken. The findings of this study revealed that all three types of Code Switching were discovered in The Friday Podcast. Intra-Sentential switching is the most common sort of code-switching occurrence in The Friday Podcast. Meanwhile, Intersentential-Switching is the speaker's least dominant data. For the conclusion, the reason why intrasentential-switching got the most occurrences in this podcast because the audience of this podcast is Indonesian people who are the majority of it not really fluent in English. The speakers in this podcast also using the familiar English terms that Indonesian society frequently heard.

Договор поминутной аренды транспортных средств (каршеринг)

The transformation of public relations under the influence of digitalization, as well as the intensification of property turnover, contributed to the formation of an economic model of sharing, which is often referred to through the prism of the English term "sharing". A striking example of such a model is carsharing, based on the idea of "mobility on demand" and being a predictable alternative to personal transport in the future. It is assumed that in the future, car owners, giving priority to car-sharing services, will give up ownership of a car, which will significantly accelerate urban traffic, free up parking spaces, and reduce the anthropogenic burden on the environment. Despite the prevalence of carsharing, especially in large and resort cities of Russia, its federal legal regulation has not yet been presented: to date, only regional experience of such regulation is known. At the same time, there are many issues in this subject area, some of which are solved by law enforcement practice. The key issue discussed in this scientific article is the choice of a contractual structure that could become an adequate model of carsharing relations.

Functioning and translation of English and Russian architectural terms in academic discourse

The study provides the analysis of architectural terminology in English and Russian in academic discourse. The object of the study is the terminological system of architecture. The subject of the study is the specifics of the use, functioning and translation of English and Russian architectural terminology in academic discourse. The classification and systematization of architectural terms, their hierarchical structure and functional types in academic texts are considered. In addition, the interdisciplinary nature of the architectural sublanguage is emphasized, which intersects with terms from the fields such as engineering, architecture, construction, art and design. The paper also identifies existing difficulties and problems that arise when translating English and Russian-language architectural terms, including differences in the linguistic structure of languages, semantic ambiguity, the need for a high degree of specialization of the translator for the correct interpretation of the term, the use of idiomatic and figurative language to describe some architectural terms, etc. The study uses a comprehensive methodology, in particular, methods of comparative and component analysis, as well as methods of corpus linguistics used to study semantic fields, hierarchical relationships and functional types of terms. The research results emphasize the importance of standardization of architectural terminology, understanding of cultural and historical background, as well as technical knowledge to ensure effective communication in the global architectural community. Analyzing the corpus of texts, including dictionaries, architectural reviews and academic articles, the author explains how specific terms function in academic discourse. This study makes a special contribution to the development of linguistic research in the field of architecture, offering an in-depth analysis of semantic fields and their role in structuring architectural vocabulary. The novelty of the research lies in an integrated approach to the study of the functioning and translation of architectural terms, which allows to identify the difficulties associated with the interdisciplinary character of the terminology. The results of the study will be useful not only for teachers and translators, but also for international experts in the field of architecture.

Multicomponent English and Russian Terms Alignment in a Parallel Corpus Based on a SimAlign Package

Multicomponent English and Russian Terms Alignment in a Parallel Corpus Based on a SimAlign Package

A Contrastive Analysis of the Connotations, Idiomaticity and Metaphoricity of Face in English and its Arabic Equivalent wədʒh

Objectives: This contrastive study aims to investigate the similarities and differences between the English term 'Face' and its Arabic equivalent, ‘‘wədʒh’, in terms of denotative meanings, connotative meanings, metaphorical meanings, and idiomatic uses. Methods: The data for this study were collected from a range of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, as well as electronic databases. Results: The analysis has revealed that the term "wədʒh" encompasses a broader spectrum of meanings in Arabic compared to the word "face" in English. This divergence likely stems from the distinct cultures and historical backgrounds of the two languages. It is also found that both terms can carry connotations related to identity, expression, and communication. 'Face' and ‘‘wədʒh’ both imply the surface representation of an individual through metonymy and are frequently associated with emotions, reactions, and social interactions. Moreover, both terms can be used metaphorically to convey a wide array of concepts. Conversely, the two terms have their distinct set of idiomatic expressions, cultural nuances, and colloquial usages specific to their respective languages. Conclusions: Collectively, the current study is of significant value because it contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how body parts function as sources of linguistic creativity and cultural symbolism in social communication.

English For Islamic Banking: What English Need of Indonesian Syariah Bank Employees in Bengkulu City

This research aims to determine the English language needs of Indonesian sharia bank employees in Bengkulu City. The research design in this research is qualitative research, while the research subjects are 10 Indonesian sharia bank employees in Bengkulu City. This research data was collected using interviews technique. Research findings show that: (1) Islamic bank employees need English language materials related to banking, accounting and computer applications; and (2) Islamic bank employees need more reading skills than listening, speaking and writing skills because they work more with written documents in English. Bank employees also work with computer programs, so all instructions and terms on the computer use English. Based on these needs, employees should havea good pronunciation in banking, accounting and computer English terms. They also need skills in correspondence via electronic mail or email.