English Terms Research Articles

The Ability of Students in the Hospitality Accommodation Program at Vocational High School to Write Paragraphs Wsing English Terms in the Food and Beverage Service Subject

Purpose of the study: This research aims to determine the ability of class XI students of Vocational High School 4 in Jambi City hotel accommodation skills program in writing paragraphs using English terms contained in the Food and Beverage Service subject.
 Methodology: The population in this study were class XI students of the Hospitality Accommodation Skills Program at Vocational High School 4 in Jambi City, a sample of 34 class X1 students in hotel accommodation 2 as respondents. The data collection technique uses the test method. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis formulas with mean, median, mode.
 Main Findings: The results showed that the majority of students demonstrated adequate abilities in expressing ideas and concepts related to food and beverage service in English. However, there are still some students who face difficulties in applying competence and appropriate grammar in this specific context. Therefore, there is a need for a more focused and interactive learning approach to improve students' writing skills in this subject.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The research makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the challenges and potential in English language learning in the hospitality sector. It is hoped that the results of this research will not only provide a deeper understanding of students' abilities in using English, but also highlight effective learning strategies in improving students' language skills in contexts relevant to the hospitality industry.

Semantic change and word formation during Covid-19 in the Philippines

This study explored the semantic change and word formation of the English language terms used during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Philippines. There were 50 words selected from the memorandum and executive orders of the national and local government units and those from news reports posted online on social media (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram). These words were analyzed using the components of the neologism framework proposed by Krishnamurthy (2010) on the word formation, borrowing, and lexical deviation and that of Crowley and Bowern (2010) for semantic change. The results of the study revealed four types of semantic change (i.e., widening, narrowing, semantic shift, and bifurcation), and the newly discovered words were categorized into compounding, acronym, and conversion. This study provides implications that in times of crisis (such as the Covid-19 pandemic), Filipinos tend to create and recreate words within a context easily understood by the community to establish clear communication.

IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SAKURA SCHOOL SIMULATOR GAME ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OF 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

This study investigates the impact of the smartphone game Sakura School Simulator on language acquisition in 7-year-old girls in Wajak village, Wajak sub-district, Malang district, East Java. It also investigates the understanding of language development in children, including the biological and social aspects that influence the process. The purpose of this study is to understand the extent to which the Sakura School Simulator game can influence language skills in 7-year-old children, with a focus on the use of English. The method used in this study was based on a descriptive qualitative approach and included observation of children playing the Sakura School Simulator game by listening and taking notes. The results showed that children who played the Sakura School Simulator game actively used various English terms in the game, understood instructions in English, and were able to use various game features and options in English. However, the study also warned about the potential negative effects of overusing the game, such as addiction, lack of socialization, and lack of politeness in language use. In conclusion, the use of Sakura school simulator can contribute to language acquisition, especially English in children aged 7 years, but supervision is needed to ensure a positive and effective play experience in children's language development. Keywords: Sakura School Simulator, Language Acquisition, 7 Year Olds

Bullying in the Arab World: Definition, Perception, and Implications for Public Health and Interventions.

The present research aimed to examine bullying among diverse Arab nationalities residing in Qatar across two separate studies. Study 1 examined how Arabic-speaking adolescents and adults describe and perceive bullying, participants (N = 36) from different Arab nationalities (i.e., Egyptians, Qataris, Syrians, and other Arabs) were presented with three tasks in a focus group where they were asked questions about how they describe and perceive three scenarios without reference to the term "bullying". Findings indicated that (1) the majority of participants referred to the intention to cause harm and the imbalance of power in their descriptions, and (2) differences in describing the behaviours in the scenarios were notable when comparing Egyptians with the three other nationalities. Overall, participants frequently chose different Arabic terms (e.g., Ta'adi (تعدي)) in their descriptions of the scenarios. Interestingly, the term Tanammor (تنمُّر), which has been used in previous studies as the Arabic term for bullying, was chosen the least by the current sample. Study 2 examined how Arab-speaking students (N = 117) describe bullying behaviour in seven scenarios using Arabic and English terms. The procedure was administered in English in the international schools, and Arabic in the independent schools. English-speaking students often used the term "bullying", whereas Arabic-speaking students often used behavioural descriptions (e.g., the term "solok sayea" (سلوك سيء) which translates to "bad behaviour"). These findings are discussed in relation to the definition and perspective of bullying among Arabic speakers. There is a need for further investigations to introduce a novel term for bullying within the Arabic language while considering cultural values, norms, and beliefs. This has the potential to promote heightened awareness and comprehension, enabling the formulation of customised intervention approaches, policies, and educational initiatives intended to prevent and alleviate bullying behaviours.

Challenges in Achieving Coherence and Cohesion: A Discourse Analysis of Chinese EFL Students’ Essays

This paper aims to highlight the prevalent challenges faced by Hong Kong Chinese students in utilizing connectives and ensuring coherence in their English academic writing. Research indicates that constructing fluent, effective, and cohesive English written texts that maintain logical flow poses a significant challenge for Chinese learners studying English as a foreign language (EFL). This difficulty is likely attributed to the substantial cultural differences between the English and Chinese languages, regardless of the learners’ grasp of English grammar and vocabulary usage. In order to raise awareness among EFL teachers regarding the struggles Chinese students encounter in mastering connectives and cohesion in English writing, this qualitative study analyses five sample English term papers written by Hong Kong university students majoring in English in 2023. The findings reveal that the Hong Kong EFL participants tend to present their arguments in an indirect and circular manner within their English essay assignments. Additionally, due to cultural norms and politeness, the true intent of their writing is often withheld, and the thesis statement is implicitly inferred towards the end of the essay rather than being explicitly stated at the beginning in the introduction. Furthermore, a focus group interview with the student participants conducted after the written analysis demonstrated that their English academic essays reflect the influence of Chinese social interaction norms on rhetorical patterns. The relevance of this study lies in its potential to inform EFL instruction, enabling educators to better support Hong Kong Chinese students in navigating the complexities of English academic writing and to adapt pedagogical approaches that bridge cultural and linguistic gaps.

영어색채어의 비유적 의미 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to elucidate the figurative meanings of color terms in English.
 Methods To achieve this, the thesis conducts a comprehensive study on the figurative meanings of the fundamental color terms in English, focusing on metaphor and metonymy. The primary colors examined are black, white, red, yellow, and blue.
 Results The study reveals that the majority of color terms in English possess both referential and extended meanings. For instance, the color term ‘black’ is associated with various figurative meanings such as BADNESS IS BLACK, DEPRESSION IS BLACK, UNCONSCIOUS IS BLACK, ILLEGALITY IS BLACK, SURPLUS IS BLACK, ANGER IS BLACK, EVIL IS BLACK, SARCASM IS BLACK, UNKNOWN IS BLACK, BRUISED IS BLACK.
 Conclusions Color terms demonstrate systematic motivation through semantic extension mechanisms. Most expressions exhibit metonymic motivation, forming the basis for numerous color terms that are subsequently extended metaphorically.

The use of an interactive whiteboard in solfeggio teaching

This paper explores the application of digital technology, that is, interactive whiteboards, in solfeggio lessons. Digital technology, such as computers and interactive whiteboards, is gradually becoming part of the classroom, both in general education and music schools. In addition to traditional teaching tools (blackboard, chalk/markers, piano, and printed textbooks), computer programs and web applications can be beneficial complements to solfeggio lessons. The music classroom for teaching solfeggio is a great place where interactive whiteboards can be integrated. However, to effectively implement any form of digital technology in solfeggio, the teacher must be competent, IT-literate, know basic musical terms in English, and be receptive to the modern possibilities offered by technology. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibility of using an interactive whiteboard in solfeggio teaching. Employing a descriptive methodology, the study entailed the application of the interactive whiteboard for certain classroom activities while covering topics in solfeggio such as intonation, music dictation, and theoretical musical concepts. The research revealed that the interactive whiteboard can primarily function as a conventional whiteboard without its multimedia capabilities, allowing the written content to be preserved. In addition, interactive whiteboards have numerous advantages when utilized for singing musical examples, writing musical dictations, and practicing theoretical musical content.

Top journals publishing articles related to drowning prevention: a bibliometric analysis 2000-2022.

Drowning is a worldwide problem. Scholarly publications about drowning prevention play a crucial role in bringing data to policy makers and prevention specialists. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of published articles related to unintentional drowning prevention included in the comprehensive, curated injury literature database, SafetyLit®. Thorough searches of drowning-related search terms in English and non- English translations identified articles published in journals between 2000 and 2022. There was a 3-fold increase in publications between 2000 and 2022, with 2,937 articles published in 941 journals. Articles were published in 20 different languages. Five journals published 16% of the articles and sixty-one top journals published 50% of the articles. Eighty-nine percent of the top journals were included in PubMed; 82% were indexed in MEDLINE®; and professional areas of expertise of article authors spanned 18 categories. This study can facilitate journal selection for drowning researchers to ultimately increase the publication of scientific literature globally.

Animals Feet Related Terms Translation Exploration from the Perspective of Terminology

Zoological terminology constitutes the linguistic symbols expressing the core concepts in the feld of zoology. Translating these terms involves the expression of core concepts in zoology, which is crucial not only for zoological research and academic communication but also infuences scholars' academic practices. This paper collects English and Chinese terms related to "?" and their existing translations, cat-egorizing and summarizing the corpus of terms related to "?." Moreover, it provides a practical basis for naming newly emerged terms. The analysis in this paper offers guiding principles and readily applicable translation results for translators in the feld of zoology when translating terms related to "?." Additionally, it presents translation strategies for newly emerged terms related to "?," offering effective solutions to translation challenges in zoological terminology concerning "?."

Effects of short foot training on foot posture in patients with flatfeet: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

With lifestyle changes, the prevalence of flatfoot is increasing year by year, with a prevalence of 29%. Flatfoot will lead to an inevitable injury and reduce the quality of life. Short foot exercises can enhance the strength of the intrinsic muscles of the foot and improve the symptoms of flatfoot. However, there is controversy regarding its specific efficacy. This meta-analysis quantitatively evaluates the effect of short foot training on patients with flatfeet and provides evidence to inform the clinical approach to short foot training in patients with flat feet. A total of eight databases were searched, including CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, and CBM in Chinese and PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase in English. The timeframe for searching the literature was March 2023 for each database build. English database search terms and search formulas were: (flat foot OR talipes valgus OR talipes calcaneovalgus) AND (short foot exercises OR physical therapy OR neurophysiotherapy). The current pooled results show no significant difference in the improvement of the navicular drop test and foot posture index with short foot exercises compared to controls; only short foot exercises greater than 6w showed a significant improvement in the navicular drop test, and sensitivity analysis showed a significant improvement in the foot posture index with short foot exercises. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that short foot exercises need a larger sample size to find their effect on improving flat feet; the duration of the intervention is a factor. As most studies are currently unclear whether the participants were patients with flat feet or asymptomatic individuals with flat feet the disease syndrome in patients with flatfoot may also be a factor.

Систематизация англоязычных терминологических сокращений в области транспортной логистики

The research objective is to identify the methods of abbreviation using the example of the English-language terminological system of transport logistics and the problems that arise when using abbreviated terms. The article examines what an abbreviated terminological unit represents and specifies the reasons for the appearance of such terms in professional terminological systems. The features of abbreviating English terms in transport logistics are analyzed, a quantitative analysis of the obtained data is conducted, determining the most productive method of abbreviations. The author also provides a list of measures to solve the problems that arise when using abbreviated terms. The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying methods of term abbreviation in the English-language terminological system of transport logistics and developing a classification of abbreviation models for the first time. As a result, a clear classification scheme of abbreviations for terms in transport logistics is presented, along with proposed ways to overcome difficulties in using such terminological units. Additionally, identical brief terms within one terminological system and abbreviated terms matching abbreviations from other terminologies have been identified.

The Use and Perception of Reclaimed Group Labels for Lesbian Women and Gay Men

This research tests whether self-labelling with a derogatory or reclaimed label is perceived as an act of reclamation. A pilot study ( N = 102) identified English terms used to label lesbian women and gay men. The main study ( N = 276) used a between-groups vignette design in which participants read about a woman/man self-labelling with a descriptive (lesbian/gay), reclaimed (queer), or derogatory group (dyke/fag) label. We assessed perceptions of the speaker (control/influence, agency, and efficacy) and group power, label offensiveness, and the likelihood of using the label in the future. Descriptive labels were perceived as less offensive and more likely to be used compared to reclaimed and derogatory labels. For gay men, using a derogatory label compared to other labels decreased perceived agency, but did not influence control/influence and efficacy. For lesbian women, there were no differences in perceptions of power depending on the label used.

Exploring The Influence Of Movements On The English Language: A Critical Analysis

This paper mainly deals with the different events and the events impact on the English language. Different movements brought many changes to the English language. Modern technology brought printing, mobile phones, emails, and some short forms of the languages are exposed because of the different movements. As the life-changing similarly the people English languages changes form the past to its current position. How different events brought about changes in spoken and written English language and how the change will persist even in the future. The combination of languages in trade, commercial and technical progress resulted in modern English. The press has facilitated language standardization, and the internet has simplified new terms in English, while social media platforms have made it possible for English speakers to invent new terms and words with reference to newness, while English is a prestigious language for media and other sources of en[1]tertainment. Simply put, with media, the internet, and other technologies, political, social and economic globalization makes English a vital and increasingly viable tool for communication and new developments provide English the potential to prosper as a language. In the future, contemporary English may soon become ultra-modern as the language is dynamic and always changing.

Цветовая концептосфера в английском, французском и русском языках: лингвокультурологический анализ фразеологических единиц с цветовым признаком

The aim of the study is to identify the universality, diversity and uniqueness of the color conceptual sphere in English, French and Russian linguistic cultures, implemented through phraseological units with a color feature and color terms in English, French and Russian. The paper presents a linguocultural analysis of the GREEN, GRAY, YELLOW, ORANGE, PURPLE, PINK and BROWN concepts in the three languages. The study is novel in that it is the first to identify, systematize and describe peripheral and single color concepts using the material of three languages. As a result of the research, it was found that the color conceptual sphere is more relevant for French linguistic culture than for English and Russian linguistic cultures. The peripheral concepts GREEN, GRAY, and YELLOW in the linguistic cultures under comparison are widely used to reflect character traits, appearance, physical characteristics of a person and relationships between people. The single concepts ORANGE, PURPLE, PINK and BROWN mainly reflect the color characteristics of the inorganic world. Color acts as an expressor of universality, diversity and uniqueness in the construction of the color conceptual sphere in the considered linguistic cultures.

Titles of Acts: Translation from English into Russian

The article examines titles of English acts such as ‘The Act of Settlement 1701’, ‘The Instrument of Government 1653’, ‘The Act of Supremacy; 1534, 1559, ‘The Reform Act’ 1832, 1867, 1884 and ‘The Test Act’ 1673, 1678 and their translation into the Russian language. The analysis of textbooks and manuals on law and state history of foreign countries in the Russian language shows that their authors refer to the titles that have firmly entrenched in the Russian language, even though some of them have been translated incorrectly. Some researchers provide their own mostly word-for-word translation or totally avoid mentioning the titles of acts in the text. At the same time, adequate translation is essential as it allows readers to elicit necessary information and gain extensive and comprehensive knowledge on the subject. The polysemy of legal terms and the underlying historical background make the process of translation into Russian even more complicated. The differences between legal systems and languages due to their unique historical and cultural development cause difficulties in the translation process even for the most advanced machine translation tools based on neural networks. In order for the translation to be accurate, and therefore the cognitive function to be fully performed in academic texts, it is necessary to be familiar with the field of legal science as a whole, to take into account the historical context as well as the background of a particular act. The lack of background knowledge and the inability to grasp the meaning, role and importance of this or that act of Parliament results in word-for-word erroneous translation that in its turn distorts the original meaning of the text. The polysemy of English terms makes it difficult to find the corresponding equivalent term in Russian. Descriptive translation based on background knowledge with due regard for language peculiarities, as well as the use of such tools as footnotes and comments, can contribute to achieving the purpose.

Perceção da família sobre a segurança nos cuidados à criança hospitalizada: scoping review

Introduction Patient safety is one of the fundamental pillars of the quality of healthcare. The perception of families of hospitalized children allows for an expanded understanding of the factors contributing to the occurrence of safety incidents, raising awareness among healthcare professionals and organizations for implementing safer practices. Objective To map the available scientific evidence regarding the family's perception of the safety of care provided to hospitalized children. Methods A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations (2020), adhering to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Searches were performed on the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases (via EBSCOhost), SciELO, Scopus, and RCAAP, using descriptors and free terms in Portuguese, English, Spanish, and French, from 1999 onwards. Two independent reviewers carried out the search, study relevance analysis, data extraction, and synthesis between March and May 2022. Results Out of the 1,590 studies obtained, 29 were included as they met the eligibility criteria and addressed the objectives of the scoping review. Families reported various safety incidents, with a higher prevalence related to therapeutic administration. They frequently cited lack of communication as a contributing factor to unsafe care. Family members provided diverse suggestions for promoting safety, emphasizing increased vigilance, attention, and information transmission. Conclusion Family members of hospitalized children can identify safety incidents and contributing factors to unsafe care, offering suggestions for improvement. Understanding family members' perceptions and involving them are essential for enhancing the safety of hospitalized children. This scoping review allows healthcare professionals to reconsider their practices and recognize the importance of family involvement in care.

Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs in Latin America

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with increasing incidence and mortality in Latin America. CRC screening programs can reduce disease burden, but information on screening programs in Latin America is limited. To describe characteristics (eg, type of program, uptake, neoplastic yield) of CRC screening programs in Latin America. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, LILACS, and SciELO were searched from inception to February 2023. Relevant references from bibliographies, conference proceedings, and gray literature were considered. The search strategy included English, Spanish, and Portuguese terms. Included were studies of CRC screening programs in Latin America using fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or colonoscopy as the primary screening method. Four reviewers independently assessed study eligibility based on titles, with review of abstracts and full texts as needed. Guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed for data abstraction and quality assessment. Descriptive information was extracted, and data were pooled using a random-effects model. Program performance indicators included rates of participation and FIT positivity, adenoma detection rate (ADR), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), CRC detection rate, and colonoscopy quality indicators. There were 17 studies included from upper middle-income and high-income countries in Latin America with a total of 123 929 participants. Thirteen studies used FIT as the initial screening method, whereas 4 used screening colonoscopy. The participation rate in FIT-based programs was 85.8% (95% CI, 78.5%-91.4%). FIT positivity rates were 15.2% (95% CI, 9.6%-21.8%) for the 50-ng/mL threshold and 9.7% (95% CI, 6.8%-13.0%) for the 100-ng/mL threshold. For FIT-based studies, the pooled ADR was 39.0% (95% CI, 29.3%-49.2%) and CRC detection rate was 4.9% (95% CI, 2.6%-7.9%); for screening colonoscopy-based studies, the pooled ADR was 19.9% (95% CI, 15.5%-24.8%) and CRC detection rate was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.8%). This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that CRC screening in upper middle-income countries in Latin America is feasible, detecting rates of neoplasia comparable with those of high-income regions. Population-based screening programs should be developed or enhanced in these settings. There is a knowledge gap regarding feasibility and yield of screening programs in lower middle-income countries.

Color-Based Metaphors in English and the Process of Metaphorization in Technical Texts: A Review Study

The study of the complicated processes taking place in technical texts could change not only the mechanism of a contemporary term formation, but also widen their meanings and extend spheres of their application in both monolingual and multilingual communicative settings. Accordingly, this review study aims at the elaboration of the use and classification of the color-based metaphorical terms in English as well as at the analysis of the tendency for metaphorization of technical texts in English. It further aims at explaining the tendencies in the development of technical texts that have caused changes in the development of technical vocabulary initiating the ongoing process of metaphorization and an extension of meaning of the existing and newly created terms. To this end, the complicated mechanisms underlying the emerging concepts of enduring metaphorization are explained and the processes of meaning formation, extension or compression are illustrated. In the end, as there are potential threats in the pattern of the color-based term creation in technical terms in English and their possible translation into other languages, some relevant caveats are provided.

INTEGRATING NATION’S FOUR STRANDS IN TEACHING LEGAL ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO AROUSE LEARNERS’ INTEREST - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AT HANOI LAW UNIVERSITY

Contemporary researches on vocabulary acquisition have equipped teachers with countless diverse approaches to motivate their learners to enrich and retain their in-class taught terms. Nonetheless, employing these designed methods into teaching practices has not drawn up many teachers’ attention. In order to facilitate the teachers’ vocabulary teaching, Nation (2007a) introduced a method called The Four Strands. The paper aims to examine whether integrating the Four Stands into Legal English classes will waken students’ enjoyment of Legal English vocabulary learning or not. Therewith, it reveals students’ memorizing capability in legal English terms after a 7-week period. Two batches of juniors at Hanoi Law University in Vietnam were involved in the experimentation: One labelled the treatment group (N=30) and the other marked the control one (N=30). Survey questionnaires were used to figure out students’ awareness of necessity of legal English vocabulary learning and obstacles they faced as well. Besides, pre-test and post-test, and semi-structured interview were also imposed to collect data. The two first instruments illustrated that the experimental group outperformed the control group. Meanwhile, the third one was to measure students’ interest in the treatment group in legal English classes where the Four Strands principle used. The outcomes demonstrated that population in the treatment group showed more delectation in picking up legal English terms and their ability of retaining the words is more excellent than those in the control one, which was witnessed by scores of the two post-tests.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of neurological damage caused by electrical welding operations

Objective: To analyze and summarize the trends and hot spots in the field of neurological damage caused by electric welding operations, and to provide ideas for new researches by searching the domestic and international literature. Methods: In December 2022, using Web of Science Citation Index (Web of Science), China Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI) and Wanfang Database as search databases, literature search was conducted on the Chinese and English search terms related to eletrical welding operations and neurological damage. The bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.6 were used to visualize the publication year, publication quantity, country, research institution and key words of the literature. Results: A total of 309 articles (112 in Chinese and 197 in English) were included in this study. The first domestic and international papers were published in 1976 and 1994 respectively, and the number of papers reached the peak in 2006 and 2018, and then showed a downward trend to varying degrees. In China, Shandong First Medical University (including Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease Prevention and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) and Wuhan University of Science and Technology had the largest number of publications. The 309 articles were from 52 Chinese journals and 86 English journals. The co-occurrence analysis of key words showed that the domestic research mainly focused on eletrical welding operation, welding workers, neurobehavioral function and manganese, and the nervous system damage caused by manganese in welding smoke was the field of international attention. Long term exposure, risk, and performance were key buzzwords in the field. Conclusion: The research focus in the field of nervous system damage caused by electric welding operation has an obvious trend of time evolution, gradually transiting from clinical manifestations to its toxic mechanism and early biomarkers.