English-speaking Users Research Articles

Translating Concise Arabic Phrases for Mobile Communication

Translating concise mobile phrases from English into Arabic involves rendering short, succinct sentences or phrases typically used in mobile applications or interfaces into Arabic while preserving their meaning and usability. This process requires linguistic proficiency in both English and Arabic and an understanding of the cultural nuances and technical context of mobile applications.The translation of mobile concise phrases from English into Arabic presents several challenges that require careful consideration and expertise to address effectively:Linguistic Differences: Arabic and English are linguistically and structurally different languages. Arabic is a Semitic language written from right to left, with a different alphabet and grammatical structure compared to English. Space Limitations: Mobile interfaces often have limited space for text due to design constraints. Arabic text tends to be longer than English text when translated, which can pose challenges in fitting translations within the available space without compromising readability or functionality.Technical Terminology: Mobile applications frequently contain technical terms, abbreviations, or jargon specific to the field. Translating these terms accurately into Arabic while maintaining their technical precision and ensuring to understandable to Arabic-speaking users requires expertise in both languages and familiarity with technical terminology.Cultural Sensitivity: Mobile concise phrases may include idioms, metaphors, or references that are culturally specific to English-speaking users. Translating these phrases into Arabic requires careful consideration to ensure they are culturally relevant and resonate without causing confusion or misinterpretation.The aim of studying the translation of mobile concise phrases from English into Arabic is to ensure accurate, culturally appropriate, and user-friendly adaptations that enhance the usability and accessibility of mobile applications for Arabic-speaking users.The study hypothesizes that translating mobile concise phrases from English into Arabic can be optimized by considering cultural nuances and linguistic differences, leading to improved user comprehension and engagement.The study employs a mixed-methods approach, analyzing a dataset of frequently used mobile phrases in English and their Arabic translations, supplemented by user feedback to assess and refine translation quality and cultural appropriateness.The study concludes that incorporating cultural context and linguistic nuances significantly enhances the accuracy and user satisfaction of Arabic translations for mobile concise phrases.

Assessment of medical information on irritable bowel syndrome information in Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia: comparative study.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) with heterogeneous clinical presentations. There are no clear testing parameters for its diagnosis, and the complex pathophysiology of IBS and the limited time that doctors have to spend with patients makes it difficult to adequately educate patients in the outpatient setting. An increased awareness of IBS means that patients are more likely to self-diagnose and self-manage IBS based on their own symptoms. These factors may make patients more likely to turn to Internet resources. Wikipedia is the most popular online encyclopedia among English-speaking users, with numerous validations. However, in Mandarin-speaking regions, the Baidu Encyclopedia is most commonly used. There have been no studies on the reliability, readability, and objectivity of IBS information on the two sites. This is an urgent issue as these platforms are accessed by approximately 1.45 billion people. We compared the IBS content on Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Baike (in Chinese), two online encyclopedias, in terms of reliability, readability, and objectivity. The Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese) and Wikipedia (in English) were evaluated based on the Rome IV IBS definitions and diagnoses. All possible synonyms and derivatives for IBS and IBS-related FGIDs were screened and identified. Two gastroenterology experts evaluated the scores of articles for both sites using the DISCERN instrument, the Journal of the American Medical Association scoring system (JAMA), and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Wikipedia scored higher overall with DISCERN (p<.0001), JAMA (p<.0001) and GQS (p<.05) than the Baidu Encyclopedia. Specifically, Wikipedia scored higher in DISCERN Section 1 (p<.0001), DISCERN Section 2 (p<.01), DISCERN Section 3 (p<.001), and the General DISCERN score (p<.0001) than the Baidu Encyclopedia. Both sites had low DISCERN Section 2 scores (p=.18). Wikipedia also had a larger percentage of high quality scores in total DISCERN, DISCERN Section 1, and DISCERN Section 3 (p<.0001, P<.0001, P<.0004, respectively, based on the above 3 (60%) rule). Wikipedia provides more reliable, higher quality, and more objective IBS-related health information than the Baidu Encyclopedia. However, there should be improvements in the information quality for both sites. Medical professionals and institutions should collaborate with these online platforms to offer better health information for IBS.

Information circulation among Spanish-speaking and Caribbean communities related to COVID-19: A social media-based multidimensional analysis.

Scientific research from North America and Europe tends to predominate the Internet, and benefits English-speaking users. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 death rate was high at the onset of the pandemic in Spanish-speaking countries, and information on nearby Caribbean countries was rarely highlighted. Given the rise in social media usage in these regions, the online dissemination of scientific information related to COVID-19 must be thoroughly examined. This study aimed to provide a multidimensional analysis of peer-reviewed information circulation related to COVID-19 in Spanish-speaking and Caribbean regions. COVID-19-related peer-reviewed resources shared by online accounts located in Spanish-speaking and Caribbean regions were identified through the altmetric website, and their information was collected. A multidimensional model was employed to examine these resources, considering time, individuality, place, activity, and relations. Time was operationalized as the six dates of data collection, individuality as the knowledge area and accessibility level, place as the publication venue and affiliation countries, activity as the altmetric score and number of mentions in the selected regions, and relations as co-authorship between countries and types of social media users who disseminated COVID-19 related information. The highest information circulation peaks in Spanish-speaking countries were from April to August 2020 and December 2020 to April 2021, whereas the highest peaks in Caribbean regions were from December 2019 to April 2020. As for Spanish-speaking regions, at the onset of the pandemic, scientific expertise was concentrated on a few peer-reviewed sources written in English. The top scientific journals mentioned were from Anglo-speaking westernized regions, whereas the top scientific authorships were from China. The most mentioned scientific resources were about breakthrough findings in the Medical and Health Sciences written in highly technical language. The top relationships were self-loops in China, while international collaborations were between China and the U.S. Argentina had high closeness and betweenness, and Spain had high closeness. Based on social media data, a combination of media outlets, educational institutions, and expert associations, particularly from Panama, influenced the diffusion of peer-reviewed information. We determined the diffusion patterns of peer-reviewed resources in Spanish-speaking countries and Caribbean territories. This study aims to advance the management and analysis of online public data from People of Color to improve public health communication in their regions. Non-Applicable.

ЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АНГЛОМОВНОГО ІНТЕРНЕТ-ДИСКУРСУ

The thesis is devoted to the study of the linguistic features of Internet discourse at the lexical, graphic, and grammatical levels. The changes that caused the active spread of social networks and websites in English are analyzed in detail. A well-grounded analysis of lexical-semantic and graphic means of online communication made it possible to understand the trends of popular social networks in more detail. The English language has been directly and powerfully influenced by online communication. Social consolidation factors have determined the main influence of the English language on the Internet in general. Being the territorial native language of the founders of famous websites and social networks, it is used most actively. English-speaking users were among the first to have access to virtual communication and laid the foundation for the creation, development and spread of the Internet language. This explains the special attention of linguists to English-language platforms. The general features of the Internet English language, which is characterized by changes at the lexical, grammatical or graphic levels, have been studied. The conducted linguistic analysis of posts on popular social networks revealed the following patterns of English-language Internet discourse, namely: 1) the use of a large number of neologisms (formed by affixation and word formation); 2) frequent use of acronyms and abbreviations; 3) pseudonyms (or nicknames) are an important feature of communication on the Internet or chat; 4) special cases of using punctuation marks, lowercase and uppercase letters, emoticons (smilies) and non-alphabetic graphic signs; 5) capitalization, hyphenation, various types of memes and gifs were detected; creolized memes are the most common; 6) at the grammatical level, frequent omission of punctuation and violation of grammatical norms of the English language. Interaction on the Internet often replaces real communication needs. Internet English reflects the general tendency to economize language and illustrates the creativity and originality of Internet users.

PECULIARITIES OF THE SPEECH BEHAVIOR OF USERS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MOTIVATION STRATEGY (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES)

The article is devoted to the study of linguopragmatic parameters of communicative interaction of users of social networks Facebook and Twitter. The focus was on the strategic aspect of communicative behavior within the framework of the implementation of cooperative communication – communicative strategies and tactics. The main theoretical approaches to defining the concept of communicative strategy and communicative tactics are considered, the specificity of the cooperative strategy of encouragement in the speech interaction of Ukrainian and English speakers in social networks is determined. The main communicative tactics of the persuasion strategy are characterized – command, request and recommendation – and the linguistic means of their representation in the network discourse are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify linguistic means of implementing the communicative strategy of encouragement in network communication of Ukrainian and English speakers. The object of the study is the Ukrainian- speaking and English-speaking segments of the discourse of social networks, the subject of the study is the language means of implementing the strategy of encouragement in the network discourse. The material for the analysis was the posts and comments of Ukrainian- speaking and English-speaking users of the well-known social networks Facebook and Twitter for the years 2017–2021. A total of 939 contexts of posts and comments were characterized. Research methods. The set goal determined the use of comparative analysis as the dominant method for studying the peculiarities of the discourse of social networks in the communicative behavior of Ukrainian and English speakers. The analysis of communicative strategies and tactics involved the use of the linguopragmatic method, and the study of social aspects of speech – the method of discourse analysis.

Finding Qs: Profiling QAnon Supporters on Parler

The social media platform "Parler'' has emerged into a prominent fringe community where a significant part of the user base are self-reported supporters of QAnon, a far-right conspiracy theory alleging that a cabal of elites controls global politics. QAnon is considered to have had an influential role in the public discourse during the 2020 U.S. presidential election. However, little is known about QAnon supporters on Parler and what sets them aside from other users. Building up on social identity theory, we aim to profile the characteristics of QAnon supporters on Parler. We analyze a large-scale dataset with more than 600,000 profiles of English-speaking users on Parler. Based on users' profiles, posts, and comments, we then extract a comprehensive set of user features, linguistic features, network features, and content features. This allows us to perform user profiling and understand to what extent these features discriminate between QAnon and non-QAnon supporters on Parler. Our analysis is three-fold: (1) We quantify the number of QAnon supporters on Parler, finding that 34,913 users (5.5% of all users) openly report supporting the conspiracy. (2) We examine differences between QAnon vs. non-QAnon supporters. We find that QAnon supporters differ statistically significantly from non-QAnon supporters across multiple dimensions. For example, they have, on average, a larger number of followers, followees, and posts, and thus have a large impact on the Parler network. (3) We use machine learning to identify which user characteristics discriminate QAnon from non-QAnon supporters. We find that user features, linguistic features, network features, and content features, can - to a large extent - discriminate QAnon vs. non-QAnon supporters on Parler. In particular, we find that user features are highly discriminatory, followed by content features and linguistic features.

Abstract PO-017: The association of COVID-19 and cancer screening inquiries among Spanish speakers: An examination of NCI Cancer Information Service data

Abstract The disruption of routine cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic is a public health priority given documented delays in the diagnosis and treatment of screening-eligible cancers, and future impacts on cancer mortality. Furthermore, COVID-19 has disproportionately affected historically underrepresented populations such as the Hispanic community, who already experience lower cancer screening rates compared to non-Hispanic whites. The purpose of this study was to examine inquiries about cancer screening among Spanish-speaking general public users before and during COVID-19, using data from the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (CIS). For this analysis, we examined cancer screening inquiries before (February 2019-March 2020) and during (March 2020-January 2021) COVID-19 among Spanish-speaking general public users. We analyzed CIS point of access (email, LiveHelp, social media, telephone), subjects of interaction, and referrals. Cancer sites with low cell sizes (e.g., lung) were combined into the category “other.” We conducted Chi-squared tests to compare counts for cancer screening inquiries before and during COVID-19 across these variables. There were 47.3% (n=691) cancer screening inquiries among English-speaking users before COVID-19 and 52.7% (n=770) during COVID-19. In comparison, among the 300 cancer screening inquiries from Spanish speakers, there were 57% (n=171) before COVID-19 compared to 43% (n=129) during COVID-19. There was a significant difference in patterns between these two groups (p&amp;lt;.002). Cancer site inquiries among Spanish speakers included breast (n=66), general (n=108), and 17 other cancers combined (n=126). The proportion of breast and general cancer inquiries from Spanish speakers increased during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID (p&amp;lt;.001), whereas other cancer inquiries decreased. Additionally, Spanish-speaking telephone-based inquiries increased during COVID-19 whereas all other points of access decreased (p&amp;lt;.001); subjects of interaction regarding general cancer questions increased, but those on finding healthcare services, screening tests, and other subjects decreased (p&amp;lt;.01); and there was an increase in referrals to national/community organizations and to the CDC National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, although referrals to healthcare providers and other sources decreased during COVID-19 (p&amp;lt;.001). We found that COVID-19 was associated with a significant decrease in cancer screening inquiries among Spanish speakers compared to English speakers using the CIS, with changes in point of access, referrals, subject of interaction, and cancer site for Spanish-speaking CIS users. It is critical to evaluate how these changes in information-seeking may affect screening behaviors post-COVID in Hispanic communities and may potentially widen existing disparities that have worsened during COVID-19. Despite overall inquiry reductions, there was an increase in some cancer screening referrals, hopefully resulting in increased screening behavior among Spanish-speaking CIS users. Citation Format: Heather N. Platter, Adaora Ezeani, Travis Hyams, Grace C. Huang, Robin C. Vanderpool, William M.P. Klein. The association of COVID-19 and cancer screening inquiries among Spanish speakers: An examination of NCI Cancer Information Service data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-017.

Implicit vs explicit evaluation: How English-speaking Twitter users discuss migration problems

The current research answers the question how Twitter users express their evaluation of topical social problems (explicitly or implicitly) and what linguistic means they use, being restricted by the allowed length of the message. The article explores how Twitter users communicate with each other and exchange ideas on social issues of great importance, express their feelings using a number of linguistic means, while being limited by a fixed number of characters, and form solidarity, being geographically distant from each other. The research is focused on the linguistic tools employed by Twitter users in order to express their personal attitude. The subject chosen for study was the migration processes in Europe and the USA. The aim of the current investigation is to determine the correlation between the attitudes of English-speaking users towards migration and the way they are expressed implicitly or explicitly. The authors make an attempt to define which tools contribute to the implicit or explicit nature of the utterances. The material includes 100 tweets of English-speaking users collected from February 1 to July 31, 2017. The choice of the time period is defined by significant events in Trumps migration policy and their consequences. The research is based on the content analysis of the material carried out by means of the Atlas.ti program. The software performs the coding of textual units, counts the frequency of codes and their correlation. The results of the research show that Twitter users tend to express their critical attitudes towards migration, rather than approve of it or sympathise with migrants. Criticism is more often expressed implicitly rather than explicitly. In order to disguise the attitude and feelings, the English-speaking users of Twitter employed irony, questions and quotations, while the explicit expression of attitudes was done by means of imperative structures. It is also worth mentioning that ellipses, contractions and abbreviations were used quite frequently due to the word limit of tweets. At the same time, the lack of knowledge about extralinguistic factors and personal characteristics of users makes the process of interpretation of tweets rather challenging. The findings of the current research suggest the necessity to take into account implicit negative attitudes while carrying out the analysis of public opinion on Twitter.

Young Adults Rehabilitation Needs and Experiences following Stroke (YARNS): A review of digital accounts to inform the development of age-appropriate support and rehabilitation.

To explore younger adults' experiences of stroke rehabilitation to inform practice, education and future health policy. Qualitative analysis of digital and other media sources on public platforms. Between March and June 2020, the experiences of younger adult stroke survivors aged 18 to 45 at the time of the stroke were collected. Data were gathered from publicly available sources, including social media, and from English-speaking users. In total, 117 accounts from 103 participants were identified from films, autobiographical books, blogs, websites, videos, Twitter and Instagram. Data analysis followed narrative and multimodal analysis with a focus on rehabilitation needs. Younger adult stroke survivors make sense of their experience by reflecting on how stroke has impacted their lives. Accounts reflected an emotional journey between the past self, the present self and evolving self, as well as associated challenges such as the impact on relationships and careers. The majority of accounts presented transitions as problematic, including the receipt of the initial diagnosis, or sometimes misdiagnosis, to returning home and achieving long-term rehabilitation goals. Specialist stroke nurses were considered essential in the rehabilitation process. A complex process of recovery follows stroke for younger adult stroke populations. Challenges to the rehabilitation process need to be better understood and the role of nursing highlighted in future service provision. A series of age-related challenges were highlighted that require attention to improve the care and support offered. This article informs clinicians, educators, and policymakers of the age-related needs of young adult stroke survivors. Focusing on the individual and the development of age-appropriate person-centred stroke care is important. The study highlights the role of stroke nursing and challenges the current policy focus on older stroke populations as well as arguing for greater awareness of age-appropriate stroke rehabilitation in younger adults following stroke.

Studying information recurrence, gatekeeping, and the role of communities during internet outages in Venezuela

Many authoritarian regimes have taken to censoring internet access in order to stop the spread of misinformation, restrict citizens from discussing certain topics, and prevent mobilization, among other reasons. There are several theories about the effectiveness of censorship. Some suggest that censorship will effectively limit the flow of information, whereas others predict that a backlash will form, resulting in ultimately more discussion about the topic. In this work, we analyze the role of communities and gatekeepers during multiple internet outages in Venezuela in January 2019. First, we measure how critical information (e.g., entities and hashtags) spreads during outages focusing on information recurrence and burstiness within and across language and location communities. We discover that information bursts tend to cross both language and location community boundaries rather than being limited to a single community during several outages. Then we identify users who play central roles and propose a novel method to detect gatekeepers—users who prevent critical information from spreading across communities during outages. We show that bilingual and English-speaking users play more central roles compared to Spanish-speaking users, but users inside and outside Venezuela have similar distribution of centrality. Finally, we measure the differences in social network structure before and after each outage event and discuss its effect on how information spreads. We find that with each outage event social connections tend to get less connected with higher mean shortest path, indicating that the effect of censorship makes it harder for information to spread.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE APPLICATION FOR CALCULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR BY A WET THERMOMETER.

The research is aimed at developing a mobile application for calculating atmospheric air temperature using a wet thermometer. The use of an improved mobile application is the main tool for users to calculate the atmospheric air temperature using a wet thermometer. The mobile app helps users get results anytime, anywhere. The mobile application is designed for users who want to calculate the temperature of atmospheric air using a wet thermometer. When developing the mobile application, the Xcode platform was used. The mobile app is developed in three main languages. Kazakh-speaking users, as well as Russian-speaking and English-speaking users. The mobile app includes many features such as explanations, calculations, the ability to calculate simultaneously, and the ability to change the language to be understandable to users. The mobile application, the wet thermometer, atmospheric air.

Nicknames of English-Speaking Adolescent Users of Social Networks (on the Example of Twitter)

The features of the self-nomination of English-speaking adolescents in Internet communication - in a social network such as Twitter microblogging are discussed in the article. The focus of the article is the anthroponymic units of Internet communication - nicknames belonging to Internet users of the age group of 12-17 years. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to fill up research gaps in socio-, psycho- and ontolinguistics, as well as the unflagging attention of philologists to the anthropocentric aspects of Internet communication. The novelty lies in an integrated approach to the consideration of the features, methods and means of naming teenagers on Twitter. The nominative potential of nicknames is analyzed. In accordance with the nature of the constitutive token, self-nomination groups of autonomous, pseudonymous, and transitional types are distinguished. Conclusions are drawn about the characteristics of the anonymity of teenage names on Twitter (the degree of anonymity and its expressiveness). The authors also dwell on the structural aspect of virtual individual names, identifying the most productive models of property creation in virtual space. The results of a graphical analysis of the research material are presented, accompanied by a quantitative characteristic of paraverbal means. The analysis has established a correlation between the psychological new formations of adolescents and the characteristics of their nicknames on Twitter. It is shown that the inconsistency and originality of the considered stage of the ontogenetic development of users is projected onto their self-nomination.

Society and people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: an analysis of message descriptors of social media

The authors investigate the process of humanization of society in relation to people with autism spectrum disorders and its relationship with the reception of problems of this category of population by society. The authors based on the descriptors of messages in social media published in the digital media space. The article reveals the relationship between the content of messages in social media, as well as the tools of this type of media and the overall degree of humanization of society at both social and political levels. The typological features of such a social media tool as a hashtag, when covering the problems of people with autism spectrum disorders, as well as the impact of these features on the reception of messages on this topic by both domestic and English-speaking users are noted.

P28 Qualitative Study: User Experiences with Platano, a Dietary Self-Monitoring App for Underserved Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background Dietary self-monitoring is a key strategy in diabetes self-management and may be facilitated by mHealth. However, smartphone applications are typically designed for high resource audiences and may exacerbate health inequity if they fail to meet user needs in underserved groups. Objective We aimed to understand user experiences with a dietary self-monitoring smartphone application designed for patients with Type 2 diabetes in a New York City neighborhood with high levels of health disparity. Study Design, Settings, Participants As part of the Personal Informatics Technology for Engagement in Community Health (PI-TECH) study, we applied user-centered design to develop Platano, a self-determination theory-based app that promotes self-tracking of diet and blood glucose in diabetes via motivationally-tailored user interfaces. During an ongoing pilot evaluation, we conducted face-to-face, in-depth interviews with English-speaking users (n = 9, age range = 28-61, 88% female, 89% non-white, 88% household income Measurable Outcome/Analysis Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim; data were managed in NVivo 12. Two authors coded interviews using Thematic Analysis, resolving differences through consensus. Results Five themes emerged: a) context: external circumstances (e.g., food insecurity, cultural norms) were central to participants’ user experience; b) flexible tool: participants used Platano for both self-discovery and accountability, reporting benefits including learning their personal glycemic response to specific foods and maintaining self-discipline in making dietary choices; c) empowerment: users attributed dietary changes, weight loss, and improved patient-provider communication to Platano; d) individual characteristics (e.g., nutrition literacy, motivation, self-efficacy), and e) in-the-moment barriers (e.g., social pressure) both influenced app usage and diet goal adherence. Conclusion Findings suggest Platano was well-received and viewed as a supporting tool for diabetes self-management among underserved urban adults. Further, findings reinforce the need for more comprehensive and personalized solutions to reduce barriers to engaging in dietary behavior change to improve diabetes outcomes.

Support, socialise and advocate: An exploration of the stated purposes of Facebook autism groups

With a rapidly growing global population of just over two billion users, Facebook has changed the way many people engage with each other. Whilst the autism community—autistic people, their families and carers, and their broader support network—are represented in this population there is limited research about how or why this community intends to use Facebook to connect and communicate. This exploratory study aimed to characterise the stated purposes of Facebook groups related to autism and their target membership. The terms autism, Asperger, ASD, Aspie, and wrong planet were used to search for Facebook groups. Using a content analysis, the group name, description, privacy status and member count of 500 autism groups on Facebook were examined. The groups had a combined membership of 905,655 English-speaking users and were created for support (60.4%), social companionship (16.4%), advocacy (15.8%), treatments (5.6%), sales (1.0%) and fundraising (0.8%). Most of the groups had a target membership of parents and families (57.4%), autistic people (23.4%), and women (10.4%). Many groups specified group etiquette (36.4%), or the geographic location of members (42.8%). Of the groups targeting autistic people, 77.8% used identity-first language, while 58.2% of groups targeting parents and families used person-first language. Separate and shared neuro-spaces appear to be negotiated within these Facebook groups and this could stimulate critical discussion around the autism community’s engagement with social media. These Facebook groups are designed to provide support to autistic people and their families and to provide social networking opportunities for autistic people.

Evaluating the Usefulness of Translation Technologies for Emergency Response Communication: A Scenario-Based Study

BackgroundIn the United States, language barriers pose challenges to communication in emergency response and impact emergency care delivery and quality for individuals who are limited English proficient (LEP). There is a growing interest among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel in using automated translation tools to improve communications with LEP individuals in the field. However, little is known about whether automated translation software can be used successfully in EMS settings to improve communication with LEP individuals.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to use scenario-based methods with EMS providers and nonnative English-speaking users who identified themselves as LEP (henceforth referred to as LEP participants) to evaluate the potential of two automated translation technologies in improving emergency communication.MethodsWe developed mock emergency scenarios and enacted them in simulation sessions with EMS personnel and Spanish-speaking and Chinese-speaking (Mandarin) LEP participants using two automated language translation tools: an EMS domain-specific fixed-sentence translation tool (QuickSpeak) and a statistical machine translation tool (Google Translate). At the end of the sessions, we gathered feedback from both groups through a postsession questionnaire. EMS participants also completed the System Usability Scale (SUS).ResultsWe conducted a total of 5 group sessions (3 Chinese and 2 Spanish) with 12 Chinese-speaking LEP participants, 14 Spanish-speaking LEP participants, and 17 EMS personnel. Overall, communications between EMS and LEP participants remained limited, even with the use of the two translation tools. QuickSpeak had higher mean SUS scores than Google Translate (65.3 vs 48.4; P=.04). Although both tools were deemed less than satisfactory, LEP participants showed preference toward the domain-specific system with fixed questions (QuickSpeak) over the free-text translation tool (Google Translate) in terms of understanding the EMS personnel’s questions (Chinese 11/12, 92% vs 3/12, 25%; Spanish 12/14, 86% vs 4/14, 29%). While both EMS and LEP participants appreciated the flexibility of the free-text tool, multiple translation errors and difficulty responding to questions limited its usefulness.ConclusionsTechnologies are emerging that have the potential to assist with language translation in emergency response; however, improvements in accuracy and usability are needed before these technologies can be used safely in the field.

New phrasebooks on the Rusyn language

P. R. Magocsi is the author of new phrasebooks of three variants of the Rusyn language: Transcarpathian Rusyn, Lemko Rusyn and Slovak Rusyn. The books are intended for English-speaking users, the main topics for everyday communication as well as small dictionary and grammatical information are provided.

ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕКСТОВ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОЙ И РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОЙ БЛОГОСФЕРЫ

The article presents the comparative analysis of the texts of English and Russian blogs. The chosen area of the research - Internet communication and blog - is dynamically evolving and has a significant impact on the development of the language, that is why it is of great interest to researchers. The comparison of English and Russian blogs allows the author to come to the following conclusions: bloggers are active in using various means of expressiveness; English-speaking users choose simplified grammatical constructions, typical of the colloquial style of speech; Russian-speaking users with the help of loan words from the English language create a large number of neologisms.

A Breastfeed-Promoting Mobile App Intervention: Usability and Usefulness Study.

BackgroundBreastfeeding is proven to have lasting health benefits for both mothers and infants; however, 6-month exclusive breastfeeding rate remains below 20% in Thailand. Although the number of research literature and commercial apps for breastfeeding women is significantly growing, they are country-specific and restricted to English-speaking users. There exists a major knowledge gap on how mobile health apps could support breastfeeding in Thailand. To address these gaps, MoomMae has been developed with the intention to support Thai women in breastfeeding outside of their homes and in keeping their feeding records.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the usability and usefulness of MoomMae, a mobile phone app designed to support breastfeeding women.MethodsOur study was reviewed and approved by Thailand’s National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) ethics committee. A total of 21 breastfeeding women with at least one Android phone or tablet were recruited via convenience and snowball sampling. The study process for each participant was as follows: the participant was requested to attend a preuse interview and given the app to use for 4 weeks. Following this period, a postuse interview was conducted to examine the usability and usefulness of the app. Both sessions were held individually and audiorecorded for qualitative analysis.ResultsThe mean scores of usability and usefulness from the postuse survey were 4.33 (SD 0.87; range 1-5) and 4.60 (SD 0.74; range 2-5). Our qualitative analysis revealed a total of 137 feedbacks: 71 related to usability and 66 associated with usefulness. A further sentimental analysis showed that comments on usability were generally negative (59 negative, 11 positive, and 1 neutral), and comments on usefulness were relatively positive (56 positive, 9 negative, and 1 neutral). We discovered 26 unique design issues and proposed recommendations for future improvement.ConclusionsOur usability and usefulness assessment of MoomMae demonstrated that MoomMae has a great potential to be a useful self-management tool for breastfeeding mothers in Thailand. The qualitative analysis suggested that the app is supportive of breastfeeding on demand, but the flow and inputs of the app should be redesigned to be more intuitive. For future implementations, the most desirable feature is a pump-reminding notification system.

The Global Online Sexuality Survey (GOSS) 2015: Erectile Dysfunction Among English-Speaking Internet Users in the United States

The Global Online Sexuality Survey (GOSS) 2015: Erectile Dysfunction Among English-Speaking Internet Users in the United States