English Regional Research Articles

Association Between Limited English Proficiency and Regional Anesthesia Utilization for Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Single-Institution Study.

Association Between Limited English Proficiency and Regional Anesthesia Utilization for Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Single-Institution Study.

Coaching player decision making in rugby union: exploring coaches espoused theories and theories in use as an indicator of effective coaching practice

ABSTRACT Introduction: Researchers exploring how coaches can best support the development of their players decision making within team invasion sports have often been conducted from a cognitive or ecological approach, which differ in their views regarding the presence and absence of memory representations. This difference has, in turn, resulted in practical implications that are theoretically different, but not pedagogically different. Research has categorised such approaches to coaching decision making into intentional decision making training or incidental decision making training that offer different suggestions for how coaching methods may be used within their practice. Sometimes, these categories of training have been offered as the way coaches should operate over the careful selection of coaching methods given their intentions for impact. Instead, within this study we aim to explore the pragmatic nature of coaching practice, rather than adherence only to theoretical principles or beliefs. Materials and Methods: In this study five English Regional Academy Rugby Union Coaches participated in a semi-structured interview, three categorised systematic observations of their coaching practice and a self-confrontation interview to explore; (i) the espoused theories coaches believe they use in practice; (ii) the theories in use within their coaching practice and; (iii) the alignment and misalignment between their espoused theories and theories in use during their coaching practice. Results & Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that coaches employed a balance and blend of intentional and incidental coaching methods concurrently. Coaches proposed the use of non-linear pedagogy and the manipulation of constraints to promote learning activities which captured the representative nature of the competitive decision making environment. Yet also promoted the role and importance of shared mental models, tactical frameworks, off field video analysis and deliberate if–then rules of thumb when supporting the development of their players decision making. Thematic analysis extracted from interview data regarding coaches espoused theories, alongside the coaches theories in use, captured through categorised frequencies of coach behaviours and learning activities through systematic observations, present clear misalignments between proposed coaching methods and those used in practice. Misalignments were apparent for learning activities, where coaches espoused the need for representative practice but used more single-phase and huddle based scenarios, and coach behaviours, where coaches espoused the importance of setting problems for their participants through divergent questioning, yet used more instructional behaviours and convergent questions leading players toward a shared mental model of collective decision making behaviour. From our findings, we offer practical implications to coaches which suggest that when supporting player decision making, coaches should consider using their judgment to select the appropriate evidence-informed coaching method given their wider intentions for impact in the session and the context in which they operate. Furthermore, we offer a suggestion to coaches and researchers where we encourage the exploration of the chain and gap between what coaches they think they do, and what they actually do in practice as a means for critical reflection.

From EU Structural Funds to Levelling Up: Empty signifiers, ungrounded statism and English regional policy

This paper argues that EU structural policy administered through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund (ESF) had a relatively limited impact in addressing competitiveness and productivity weaknesses in the English regions due to the emphasis on supply-side policies and deficiencies within the institutional framework for governing economic development. By analysing projects supported by the ERDF and the ESF in England from 2007 to 2013, we demonstrate that funding was used to shape self-organising networks of private and public sector actors, notably local councils, to encourage the development of entrepreneurship, research and development, the creative industries, transport services, and universities and educational providers. In the absence of an overarching strategic vision, and given long-standing socio-economic and political weaknesses, the effect of EU structural funding on the English regions was nonetheless marginal at best. Our case-study highlights that England’s path-dependent and ungrounded statism combined with a neoliberal supply-side logic Structural Funds to create an empty signifier of regional development that failed to adequately respond to the structural needs of less affluent regions. Meanwhile, the post-Brexit approach to regional development, namely the levelling up agenda, represents a continuation of this empty signifier rather than a significant break with the past.

Where Have All the Stories and Voices Gone in Local Newspapers? The Effect Falling Advertising Revenues and the Rise of the Web Have Had on English Regional Newspapers

The regional newspaper industry in the UK is in freefall with sales down more than 60 percent in 10 years. With this decline has come cost-cutting. This study looks at how these cuts have manifested themselves in terms of the number of news stories now being printed in newspapers and the number of local people being quoted in the newspapers. The study has looked at a number of regional newspapers across 30 years to show the effect of the changing face of the newspaper business as the audience and advertising have moved online. The research includes interviews with experts on whether story count mattered and if fewer stories and local voices have damaged the product. This paper finds that generally newspaper companies with a web-first culture have been forced to reduce their local news content in their printed products as they concentrate their resources online. While fewer stories and voices cannot be blamed for the complete demise of the newspapers, it is a consequence of cost-cutting and disadvantages the product. Opinions do vary on the needs for high story count, but this paper shows that most experts believe it is important and that without it, printed newspapers have been damaged. Keywords: newspapers, regional, decline, stories, quotes

A novelty design of GHG Emission Reduction Cost for the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia: A quantitativebased scientific view

At present GHG emissions is a strategic issue in the effort to achieve SDGs. The Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Provincial Government through its new leader in 2018 emphasizes the development of infrastructure in the field of renewable energy must be a top priority. This study aims to introduce a structured model of GHG emission reduction costs in NTT Province by referring to carbon tax considerations as exogenous factors. The results show that the average cost a reduction in the constraints between 14% and 16% are the most optimal would increase GDP to 20% compared to BAU conditions. The implications of this study will support the government’s efforts in embracing a policy relating to the General Regional Energy Plan of NTT Province called in English Regional Energy General Plan which is being promoted.

Folk Perception of African American English Regional Variation

Contrary to previous “sociolinguistic folklore” that African American (Vernacular) English has a uniform structure across different parts of the US, recent studies have shown that it varies regionally, especially phonologically (Wolfram, 2007; Thomas & Wassink, 2010). However, there is little research on how Americans perceive AAE variation. Based on a map-labeling task, we investigate the folk perception of AAE variation by 55 participants, primarily African Americans in Columbus, Ohio. The analysis focuses on the dialect regions recognized by the participants, the linguistic features associated with different regions, and the attitudes associated with these beliefs. While the perceived regional boundaries mostly align with those identified by speakers in previous perceptual dialectology studies on American English, the participants consistently identified linguistic features that were specific to AAE. The participants recognized substantial phonological and lexical variation and identified “proper” dialects that do not necessarily sound “white”. This study demonstrates the value of considering African Americans’ perspectives in describing African American varieties of English.

Nurturing English regionalism: A new role for local newspapers in a federal UK?

Abstract Any constitutional move towards a federal system in the United Kingdom would inevitably be unbalanced by England’s obvious economic, cultural and numerical dominance. Some form of English regional devolution is therefore essential if we are to progress as a multinational state post Scottish and Welsh devolution. This article adopts a deliberately polemical approach to a consideration of the potential role of regional English newspapers in that context, suggesting that their established links with a coherent audience, rooted in place, might allow them to act as a vehicle for debate and nurture a sense of regional identity often absent from contemporary English politics. Regional newspapers are ‘culturally specific’ and have a key role to play in articulating the popular experience of post-devolution political change: this might also present this struggling sector with valuable commercial opportunities as they take advantage of the new political paradigm to further embed themselves within their communities.

The Framing of Public Knowledge Controversies in the Media: A Comparative Analysis of the Portrayal of Badger Vaccination in the English National, Regional and Farming Press

AbstractScience has a powerful role in society. It can fuel innovation, shape policy and influence public opinion. However, science can also be highly controversial and subject to substantial disagreement and debate. Such debates are often evident in the media which regularly reports on areas of disagreement and debate. This article draws on the case‐study of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which has become a highly politicised issue in recent years, to explore media representation of public knowledge controversies. The disease has received substantial policy and media attention, particularly in relation to badgers and their role in its spread. This article focuses on the ways in which the various debates associated with bTB and its control are presented in the press, with a specific emphasis on badger vaccination. An in‐depth discourse analysis compares regional, national and farming press, and identifies a number of complex dualisms against which the debate is framed. These dualisms help to explain the unclear policy direction and constant divisions between those who do and do not support badger vaccination, and the continued status of bTB control as a public knowledge controversy.

Developing the chartered society of physiotherapy English Regional Networks 2012–15

Developing the chartered society of physiotherapy English Regional Networks 2012–15

A Hungarian Village in the English Regional Survey Movement

A Hungarian Village in the English Regional Survey Movement

Regional creative industries policy-making under New Labour

This article analyses creative industries policy in the English regions under New Labour (1997–2010). It examines the ideas behind regional creative industries policies (RCIPs) and their implementation. Focusing on the activities of the English regional development agencies, the primary bodies responsible for the implementation of creative industries policy in the British regions, the article places regional cultural policy during the New Labour period within its broader political, social and economic contexts. It explains and evaluates New Labour's RCIPs, arguing that creative industries policy at the regional level changed over the course of New Labour's three terms of office, becoming increasingly economistic at the expense of a more social democratic vision of regional equality and democracy. We identify three issues that were problematic for New Labour's RCIP: a reliance on the idea of “clusters”, commercialisation and shifting regional governance.

Reviews: Building Sustainable Communities: Spatial Policy and Labour Mobility in Post-War Britain, the Regional Economics of Knowledge and Talent: Local Advantage in a Global Context, the Ashgate Research Companion to Border Studies, English Regional Planning, 2000–2010: Lessons for the Future, Wellbeing and Place, an Anatomy of Sprawl: Planning and Politics in Britain, Spatial Planning and Governance: Understanding UK Planning

Reviews: Building Sustainable Communities: Spatial Policy and Labour Mobility in Post-War Britain, the Regional Economics of Knowledge and Talent: Local Advantage in a Global Context, the Ashgate Research Companion to Border Studies, English Regional Planning, 2000–2010: Lessons for the Future, Wellbeing and Place, an Anatomy of Sprawl: Planning and Politics in Britain, Spatial Planning and Governance: Understanding UK Planning

The Delusion of Strategic Spatial Planning: What's Left After the Labour Government's English Regional Experiment?

In the UK, the Labour government (1997–2010) introduced various experiments to uplift English regional and sub-regional spatial strategy to a more prominent position in sub-national governance but much of this has been subsequently guillotined by the incoming Coalition government in May 2010. This paper assesses the prospect for the survival of strategic spatial thinking under the Coalition government's ethos of ‘localism’. It first considers some of the broad conceptual issues relating to strategic spatial planning, identifying three key conundrums around flexibility of scaling, institutional structures and capacity, and core values and forms of knowledge. It then provides one of the first comprehensive accounts of what was achieved during the outgoing Labour administration, and what ultimately went wrong with the English regional planning project. Finally, an initial assessment is made of the future prospects for strategic planning in England to survive in new spatial contexts, despite the hostile conditions associated with the Coalition government.

Sub-national economic development: Where do we go from here?

The UK’s Conservative-Liberal Democrat (Con-Lib) Coalition Government has been quickly dismantling New Labour’s policy framework since it gained political control in May 2010. Contemplating how this transition might play out and the impact upon regeneration policy, a preliminary map of the road from the incumbent English Regional Development Agencies to myriad Local Enterprise Partnerships is sketched out. The analytic interpretations are based on insights ‘in the field’ over the past decade and grounded in policy ‘chatter’. Reflecting on the importance of timing, resource availability and the policy vacuum arising between localities and national government, attention is drawn to countless questions that remain unanswered. Further, the Con–Lib Government’s sub-national economic policy architecture is demonstrated as remaining very much work in progress. The paper highlights that the current transitional period is likely to be disorderly and possibly ineffective: deconstruction is all well and good if the alternative reconstructions offer added value, but the potential to lose out is significant. While hope is expressed with a localism agenda which could potentially empower localities to devise unique policy solutions administered by tailored spatial configurations, it is cautioned that new spatio-institutional ‘fixes’ may open up new issues just as old ones are closed off. A policy story still being written, the analysis is of broader international appeal. Consequently, those plying their trade outside England can reflect on this and act accordingly the next time a new (and presumably better) policy innovation is proposed.

Carbon Reduction: Obligation and Opportunity at Regional and Local Levels

The UK government has set out a clear framework for tackling climate change which establishes a carbon reduction pathway to 2050. If, as is claimed, this is the first of its kind anywhere in the world, can the obligation it brings be converted into ‘first mover’ opportunities for businesses and the economy as a whole? This question will be of heightened importance to the English Regional Development Agencies and local authorities following the government's recently strengthened endorsement of their responsibility for economic growth and efficiency at regional and local levels. This paper considers the policy levers that can help turn the obligation into opportunity and the role that regional and local agencies can play in this through spatial planning, innovation, procurement, skills development and enterprise. It summarises and updates a previous SQW Viewpoint which can be found at www.sqw.co.uk.

Much ado about SEA/SA monitoring: The performance of English Regional Spatial Strategies, and some German comparisons

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) seeks to better integrate environmental considerations into the preparation and decision-making process of plans and programmes with a view to promoting sustainable development. Further to application of the European Directive 2001/42/EC (SEA Directive) in 2004, the body of practical SEA experience, and parallel research, has increased steadily. Yet there is a crucial element of SEA which cannot build on much experience but whose importance will grow over time — namely that of SEA monitoring. The paper explores the application of SEA monitoring for English Regional Spatial Strategies (RSSs). It briefly introduces the role of SEA monitoring and its legal requirements, the English approach of integrating SEA into Sustainability Appraisal (SA) and the nature of the current English Regional Planning context. The main part presents the research findings and discusses how practitioners cope with the challenges of SEA/SA monitoring — with guiding questions: why, what, who, how, when, and with what outcomes? Reflecting that monitoring is just about to start, the paper draws on measures envisaged for monitoring in the SA reports prepared for RSS, and on expert interviews. It identifies monitoring trends and highlights workable approaches as well as shortcomings. For a critical reflection the findings are mirrored briefly with SEA monitoring approaches of German Regional Plans. Although it is still early days for such monitoring, the findings indicate that there is a danger that some of the specific requirements and objectives of SEA/SA monitoring are not fully met, mainly due to insufficient databases, inappropriate institutional conditions and limited personnel and financial resources. Some recommendations are offered in conclusion.

Regional Futures and Strategic Planning

Recent Government decisions and Opposition statements have called into question the future of the governing institutions of the English regions. This raises two questions, the first of which is the strategic role of European regions and the need for it in EU member states. This question is addressed first through a discussion of the English regional government agencies' strategic planning roles and the development of similar regional strategic planning in other European Union member states. The second main issue is possible scenarios for the development of the English regions. These include further attempts to create elected regional assemblies, developing administrative regionalism, revising regional boundaries, developing city regions and abolishing most or all of the regional government institutions. The provisional conclusion is that such abolition would be a retrograde step that would reduce England's capacity to cope with domestic and European pressures.

Regional differences in overweight: an effect of people or place?

Objective:To examine UK country and English regional differences in childhood overweight (including obesity) at 3 years and determine whether any differences persist after adjustment for individual risk factors.Design:Nationally representative prospective...

REGIONAL GOVERNANCE IN ENGLAND: A CHANGING ROLE FOR THE GOVERNMENT’S REGIONAL OFFICES?

Debates about the appropriate territorial scales of government to meet the challenges of economic, political and social change have gained momentum in Western Europe in recent years. In the UK, political mobilization has transformed constitutional arrangements in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. By contrast, in the English regions, a less radical approach has been adopted, but the outcome has been a strengthening of the institutions of regional governance. A key feature has been the enhanced responsibilities of the Government Offices for the Regions, which have been encouraged to build on their traditional administrative functions and adopt a more strategic role. This article explores the Offices’ contribution to regional and local governance. Our central argument is that although increasingly expected to act as a bridgehead between national and sub‐national government and a focus for regional policy coordination, their potential role in filling the missing gap in English regional governance has not yet been fully grasped.

Emerging Patterns of Governance in the English Regions: The Role of Regional Assemblies

Pearce G. and Ayres S. (2007) Emerging patterns of governance in the English regions: the role of Regional Assemblies, Regional Studies 41, 699–712. The case for elected English regional government outside London has lost momentum, but the machinery of regional governance continues to expand. This paper explores the significance of this process through an examination of the evolution of Regional Assemblies. Each has progressed differently, but all Assemblies lack political legitimacy and resources and have struggled to mobilize influence in Whitehall and their regions. Although contributing to greater coherence in regional governance, their future is uncertain and there is a need to assess systematically what tasks Assemblies should perform, and why, and the resources required for their delivery. Pearce G. et Ayres S. (2007) L'évolution de la notion de gouvernance dans les régions d'Angleterre: le rôle des Assemblées régionales, Regional Studies 41, 699–712. Les arguments en faveur du gouvernement régional en dehors de Londres ont perdu de leurs lettres de noblesse, mais le système de gouvernance régionale ne cesse de se développer. En examinant l'évolution des Assemblées régionales, cet article cherche à étudier l'importance de ce processus. Chacune des Assemblées s'est développée de façon différente, mais toutes les Assemblées manquent de la légitimité politique et des ressources, et ont éprouvé des difficultés à trouver du soutien auprès de Whitehall et de leur région. Bien qu'elles aient apporté une cohérence accrue à la gouvernance régionale, l'avenir reste incertain et on le croit nécessaire d'évaluer systématiquement les rôles que devraient jouer les Assemblées, et pourquoi, et les ressources qu'il faut pour les remplir. Gouvernement régional en Angleterre; Régionalisation; Assemblées régionales; Travail à plusieurs niveaux Pearce G. und Ayres S. (2007) Bildung von Mustern des Regierungswesens in den englischen Regionen: die Rolle der Regionalversammlungen, Regional Studies 41, 699–712. Die Initiative für eine gewählte englische Regionalvertretung außerhalb Londons hat an Schwung verloren, doch gleichzeitig breitet sich die Maschinerie des regionalen Regierungswesens weiter aus. In diesem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung dieses Prozesses durch eine Untersuchung der Entwicklung der Regionalversammlungen erörtert. Jede Regionalversammlung hat sich unterschiedlich weiterentwickelt, doch allen fehlt es an politischer Legitimation und an Ressourcen; ebenso haben alle Schwierigkeiten, in der britischen Zentralregierung und ihren jeweiligen Regionen an Einfluss zu gewinnen. Die Regionalversammlungen tragen zwar zu einer größeren Kohärenz im regionalen Regierungswesen bei, doch ihre Zukunft ist ungewiss. Es ist nötig, systematisch zu untersuchen, welche Arbeiten die Versammlungen aus welchen Gründen verrichten sollten und welche Ressourcen hierfür erforderlich sind. Englische Regionalregierung; Dezentralisierung; Regionalversammlungen; Arbeit auf mehreren Ebenen Pearce G. y Ayres S. (2007) Modelos emergentes de gobernanza en las regiones inglesas: El papel de las Asambleas Regionales, Regional Studies 41, 699–712. La oportunidad de un gobierno regional inglés elegido fuera de Londres ha perdido fuerza pero la maquinaria de la gobernanza regional sigue expandiéndose. En este ensayo estudiamos la importancia de este proceso examinando el desarrollo de las Asambleas Regionales. Aunque cada Asamblea ha progresado de modo diferente todas carecen de recursos y legitimidad política y han tenido dificultades para movilizar influencias en el Gobierno y sus regiones. Si bien contribuyen a una mayor coherencia en la gobernanza regional, su futuro es incierto por ello es necesario evaluar sistemáticamente qué tareas deberían desempeñar las Asambleas y por qué, y qué recursos son necesarios para cumplir tales tareas. Gobierno regional inglés; Transferencia de competencias; Asambleas regionales; Trabajo de varios niveles