English News Texts Research Articles

СХЕМОСТРАТЕГІЇ БУДОВИ АНГЛОМОВНИХ ТЕКСТІВ НОВИН: ЛІНГВОКОГНІТИВНИЙ РАКУРС

The paper specifi es the notion of communicative strategies widespread in modern linguistics suggesting the concept of schematic strategies treated as a means of semiotic modifi cation of the addressee’s conceptual structures making up the worldview common for the speakers of a particular language. Drawing on the BBC’s English news texts about the Russia-Ukraine war, the article singles out three groups of moves meant to implement schematic strategies. Referential moves of news texts activate the mental structures representing individuals, social groups, and states or their confrontation. Status moves distribute the textual content with respect to its topicality in the headline, the lead, the sections of current and previous events, and of comments and context. Accentuating moves as an implicit means of infl uencing the audience through reference to objects in the most prominent news text positions of paragraph beginnings and endings form particular subtypes. The move of initial focusing foregrounds the units denoting the same referent in the headline and the subsequent p aragraphs emphasizing its importance. The move of fi nal focusing concentrates the reader’s attention on the referents denoted at the ending of the headline and of the following paragraphs in the texts on politicians’ speeches while the units in the paragraphs’ initial positions refer to the key ideas of the talks under discussion. The move of fi nal-initial focusing foregrounds in the subsequent paragraphs of a news text the units denoting a referent at the end of the headline contrasting it with the one foregrounded in its beginning. The defocusing move names referents in the background positions of a news text bringing down their importance while giving prominence to the focal elements. The identifying move indicates in the lead the referents missing from the headline with the organization of the rest of the text drawing on the moves outlined above. The multidirectional move foregrounds in the headline and each subsequent paragraph different units denoting referents comprising the mental structure of confrontation: its source, target, and the results of their counterforce. Key words: schematic strategy, communicative strategy, move, cognitive linguistics, English news text, Russia-Ukraine war, influence.

Contrasting Linguistic Patterns in Human and LLM-Generated News Text

We conduct a quantitative analysis contrasting human-written English news text with comparable large language model (LLM) output from six different LLMs that cover three different families and four sizes in total. Our analysis spans several measurable linguistic dimensions, including morphological, syntactic, psychometric, and sociolinguistic aspects. The results reveal various measurable differences between human and AI-generated texts. Human texts exhibit more scattered sentence length distributions, more variety of vocabulary, a distinct use of dependency and constituent types, shorter constituents, and more optimized dependency distances. Humans tend to exhibit stronger negative emotions (such as fear and disgust) and less joy compared to text generated by LLMs, with the toxicity of these models increasing as their size grows. LLM outputs use more numbers, symbols and auxiliaries (suggesting objective language) than human texts, as well as more pronouns. The sexist bias prevalent in human text is also expressed by LLMs, and even magnified in all of them but one. Differences between LLMs and humans are larger than between LLMs.

The link between translation difficulty and the quality of machine translation: a literature review and empirical investigation

We survey the relevant literature on translation difficulty and automatic evaluation of machine translation (MT) quality and investigate whether source text’s translation difficulty features contain any information about MT quality. We analyse the 2017–2019 Conferences on Machine Translation (WMT) data of machine translation quality of English news text translated to eleven different languages (Chinese, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Latvian, Lithuanian, German, Gujarati, Kazakh, Russian, and Turkish). We find (weak) negative correlation between the source text’s length, polysemy and structural complexity and the corresponding human evaluated quality of machine translation. This suggests a potentially important but measureable influence of source text’s translation difficulty on MT quality.

Models of structuring English news texts

Models of structuring English news texts

Data Mining Technology Helps Digital Teaching and Learning of English Majors in Colleges and Universities

Abstract The use of information technology in the teaching of English majors in colleges and universities enriches the teaching means, especially the data mining technology that optimizes the digital teaching method. In this paper, starting from English writing, based on the functional requirements of writing training, we constructed a writing training process and utilized the NMF method to mine and decompose the English news text topics. In conjunction with the writing training, the data mining technology centered on the Rete algorithm was used to carry out automatic diagnosis of English composition on the basis of natural language processing. On the basis of mining and analyzing the English news text, the effect of English writing scoring was compared, and its enhancement effect on English composition was verified through controlled tests. The average writing score of the experimental group was 19.62, of which the full score was 25. The mean writing score of the control group is 16.38, which is 3.24 points lower than that of the experimental group. Significance Sig.=0.0004<0.05, P=0.025<0.05, there is a significant difference in the English proficiency of the two groups of students. Data mining technology enhances the language proficiency of students in English writing.

Engagement resources in the English news texts of two phases in China’s constructing Greater Bay Area

Engagement resources in the English news texts of two phases in China’s constructing Greater Bay Area

Classification of News Texts from Different Languages with Machine Learning Algorithms

As a result of the developments in technology, the internet is accepted as one of the most important sources of information today. Although it is possible to access a large number of data in a short time thanks to the Internet, it is critical to analyze this data correctly. The need for text mining is increasing day by day by processing and analyzing the increasingly irregular text type data in the digital environment and classifying them in a meaningful way. In this study, news texts obtained from online German, Spanish, English and Turkish news sites were separated according to predetermined world, sports, economy and politics categories. The data set consisting of 4000 news texts was classified using 41 different machine learning algorithms in the Weka program. The highest successful classification was obtained with Naive Bayes Multinominal and Naive Bayes Multinominal Updateable algorithms, and 93.5% for German news texts, 93.3% for English news texts, 82.8% for Spanish news texts and 88.8% for Turkish news texts.

ОПОСЕРЕДКОВАНЕ ПЕРЕКОНАННЯ ПРИ ВИСВІТЛЕННІ ПУБЛІЧНОГО ВИСТУПУ У НОВИНАХ: ЕТОС, ПАФОС ЧИ ЛОГОС?

The proposed research compares the structure and verbal means implemented in three texts: President V. Zelensky's address to the British Parliament, English and American news texts, which represent the content of the speech to the mass reader. The aim of the article is to establish mediated means of influencing the audience, used by the journalists during the process of mediatization of the public speech. The applied linguorhetorical approach allowed us to investigate the transformations at the stage of disposition, i.e. the organization of ideas and arguments, and elocution associated with linguistic means. The coverage of the Ukrainian leader's speech in the British online edition is based on the emotionalargumentative model, which addresses pathos as a means of persuasion connected with emotions and basic needs of the mass audience, on the one hand, and logos presupposing direct quotes from V. Zelensky's address to support the arguments and theses of the journalist, on the other hand. From the point of view of disposition, the news text consists of three parts: introduction, main part and conclusion, while in the vein of elocution the constructions reflect the appeal to pathos in the introduction and in the conclusion, actualizing the basic needs for belongingness and security and depicting feelings of pity and support on the part of MPs. The main part of the English news text contains constructions identical to those used by V. Zelensky to represent parallels between the Ukrainian and British worldviews and the fight against the enemy, while modified constructions reflect the atrocities and losses in our country. The American news text is based on the authoritative-argumentative transformation model: the authors rely on famous people when interpreting the content of V. Zelensky's speech and quote statements from his address to emphasize their own theses. The appeal to ethos is represented by the authority of Winston Churchill, William Shakespeare and Boris Johnson in the headline and background blocks of the news text, while the appeal to logos is reflected in the use of identical constructions as direct quotes of the Ukrainian president.

Pre-editing English news texts for machine translation into Russian

The paper discusses the possible advantages of pre-editing English news texts for machine translation into Russian. Pre-editing is defined as a process of adapting source text in order to reach a better quality of machine translation. Two case studies were conducted: one in 2021 and the other one in 2022. During case studies texts from bbc.com were chosen, pre-edited and translated using neural machine translation systems. Analysing common pre-editing techniques and their impact on the result of machine translation in terms of certain error patterns we conclude that in most cases pre-editing helps to eliminate a number of errors, improve the overall quality of machine output and reduce the amount of time and efforts needed for post-editing machine translation. The conducted case study also showed that despite the fact, that machine translation systems are constantly developing and changing, it is possible to identify common peculiarities of machine translation regarding a certain style or type of text and certain language pair, analyse the error patterns and find the appropriate pre-editing techniques that will be applicable for the most of machine translation systems for many months and years. Pre-editing does not guarantee the high quality of the translation itself, but together with post-editing it allows reaching results similar or equal to human translation saving a translator’s time and efforts.

A Comparative Study of the Rhetorical Functions and Features of Personal Pronouns in English and Chinese Legal News

Abstract This paper mainly discusses the distribution and rhetorical functions of personal pronouns in English and Chinese legal news reports which is divided into two narrative types, the objective and the semi-dialogic. Through the comparative analysis of some English and Chinese legal news texts in the two types, it finds that the differences in narrative type directly affect the distribution of personal pronouns. In objective narrative, the use of third person pronouns accounts for an absolute proportion, and the frequency of using first person and second person pronouns is close to zero. In semi-dialogic narrative, the use of third person pronouns is still the highest, but only slightly higher than the use of first person and second person pronouns, accounting for only a small number. After analysis, this paper holds that there are three reasons for the uneven distribution: first, the differences between the dialogic style and the narrative style; second, the legal narrative being a story narrative; third, the specific restrictions on the use of legal rhetoric.

Comparative Analysis of Tamil and English News Text Summarization Using Text Rank Algorithm

The exponential growth of newsgroups has made it more difficult to gain accurate access to a large amount of data. To deal with the massive amounts of data, efficient and effective methods are needed. One such method is text summarization, which presents data in a condensed format. It would be beneficial for readers to be able to get a wide variety of news in a short amount of time if the news is simplified.In this article, we use the English Newsgroup datasets and the Tamil Newsgroup datasets to automate News Summaries using the text rank algorithm. The proposed work was created using a changed Text Rank algorithm based on the principle of word frequency. The suggested approach creates vectors of words as nodes and similarities between two words as the edge between them, which is the webbing between them. Term frequency assigns various weights to different terms in a sentence, while standard cosine similarity regards both of them similarly. The vector is rendered sparse and divided into clusters based on the premise that sentences inside a cluster are identical and sentences from various clusters reflect their dissimilarity. The performance assessment of the proposed summarization strategy in two types of Newsgroup datasets demonstrates its usefulness in terms of the accuracy parameter.

Lexical and Syntactic Presupposition Triggers in Selected Online English and Kurdish Political News Texts: A comparative Study

This paper intends to analyze the presupposition triggers at both lexical and syntactic levels in selected online English and Kurdish political news texts. This is for the purpose of figuring out how texts in political news are achieving their political intentions via the use of presupposition triggers. Presupposition as a feature of language use is commonly exploited by language users. Expressions and constructions carrying presuppositions are called “presupposition triggers”. Its role in the news text is of specific importance in that writers of text tend to make use of this property so as to create either a favorable or unfavorable bias throughout the text this is to manipulate readers’ view. A descriptive analytic method has been used in this study. The data of this study is the political news texts in online English and Kurdish news channels, then 18 political news texts, which are released in the first half of the year 2020, have been selected randomly. Based on Levinson (1983), Yule (2010), and He’s (2003) classification of presupposition triggers the data have been analyzed and compared. The result of this study has shown that both English and Kurdish political news texts basically use both lexical and syntactic items of presupposition triggers. As for the lexical triggers, English political news texts constituted 530 times of occurring and Kurdish political news texts constituted 361 times. Regarding the syntactic level, the frequency of occurrence has been 185 times in the English news texts while it is 99 times in the Kurdish texts. All the syntactic items were more frequently used in the English texts except for the counter-factual conditionals which was the same as the Kurdish texts occurring 11 times. Adverbial clauses have recurred 23 times in the Kurdish texts and therefore ranking first among the other structural triggers. Finally, in the English texts, implicative verbs were noted only 1times while 11 occurrences were noted in the Kurdish texts.

EVALUATION IN NEWS TEXTS IN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET’S OFFICIAL WEBSITE

<p id="docs-internal-guid-415f60c0-7fff-f978-3c47-f42704f04796" dir="ltr"><span>The digital era and internationalization of higher education has led to the emergence of novel uses of new media such as the website where new higher education discourses emerge. This study examines the realization of evaluative language in English news texts in a university official website in the context of higher education. Using the Appraisal framework, this study attempts to identify lexicogrammatical resources construing attitude and graduation in eight news texts published in the official website of UNS from January to February 2019. The selected texts cover key news topics, namely reports of achievements, events, and a feature of a university facility. The findings show that attitudinal resources and its graduation are present in the news texts to create a positive image for UNS. Appreciation as the most prevalent type of attitude works to invoke positive judgement of capacity alongside inscribed judgement and affect to relay the image of UNS as a capable university. The study found that, while still following the structure of news texts, news writers for UNS’ official websites use various attitudinal resources in a complex system of prosody-creation to develop positive judgement towards the university’s capacity.</span></p>

THE SHIFT OF THEMES AND RHEMES IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH POLITICAL TEXTS INTO INDONESIAN

This study was conducted to describe the shift of themes and rhemes in The Translation of English Political Text into Indonesian. In this research, descriptive qualitative design is applied by the researcher in order to answer the questions. The data were taken from English and Indonesia political news texts of Waspada. The technique used was interactive model by Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). This study found some enrichment with variation of theme and information structure of thematic and rhematic in English – Indonesia Waspada political texts. Based on analyzing data, the findings of this study are formulated : (1) There are some ways in which shifts applied in the thematic and rhematic in English - Indonesian translation of Waspada political texts there are such as : the SL which is differently translated into TL considering the grammatical pattern of both language and the unit of word constructing the theme and rheme and (2) There are some reasons for applying shifts in the thematic and rhematic shift in English – Indonesian translation of Waspada political texts such as different language system and grammatical structure from both English and Indonesia. Keywords: Translation Shifts, Theme, Rheme, Political, Text

ЛІНГВОКОГНІТИВНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПСЕВДОСМИСЛУ У ТЕКСТАХ АНГЛОМОВНИХ ФЕЙКОВИХ НОВИН

The article deals with the linguistic and cognitive mechanisms of creation of false, perverted, hyper blemished sense – pseudo sense – in the texts of English fake news. It has been found out that each unit of the frame model of the concept LIE (AGENS, PATIENT, INSTRUMENT, BENEFICIENT, TEMPORATIVE, LOCATIVE) is obligatory in the texts of pseudo news, but its verbal content is different; so author’s (BENEFICIENT) intention and the purpose of the deceit are different too – either to exaggerate the news information or to give a false message. The features of verbal filling of two polar frames in fake news texts THE WORLD OF TRUTH vs THE WORLD OF LIE are revealed. The purpose of our scientific research is to uncover the linguistic and cognitive mechanisms of pseudo sense formation in English fake news texts through the reconstruction of mental spaces. In order to achieve the set goal and solve certain tasks, a complex of linguistic methods has been used, in particular for the study of semantics of the analyzed lexical units method of vocabulary definitions has been used. The text interpretation analysis of pseudo news has made it possible to classify them by two textual situations: “exaggeration of information” and “falsification of information”. The verbal filling of the slots of the framing model has been accomplished through the semantic analysis of the nominative units of fake news texts and true news texts. Cultural anal­ysis helped to correlate the content of pseudo news texts with general cultural information, and the method of conceptual analysis in combination with the method of frame modeling and the method of mental spaces reconstruction have been conducted for a description of the semantic structure of the concept LIE, the disclosure of linguistic and cognitive mech­anisms of the pseudo sense formation. The results of the study show that pseudo sense in the texts of false news is embodied through the described textual situations: 1) “falsification of information”, the verbal embodiment of which occurs through the following lexical units: falsification, false, bill of goods, etc.; 2) “exaggeration of information”, the meaning of which is actualized through the following tokens: exaggerate, embellish, extravagance, hype, hyperbole, inflation, overdo, overstate. Acknowledging the fact that the concept of lie (deceit) is the opposite of the concept of truth has contributed to the distinguishing of two polar frames in the pseudo news texts THE WORLD OF TRUTH vs THE WORLD OF LIE. It is stated in the conclusions that the removal of pseudo sense in English fake news texts, represented by two textual situations, requires the disclosure of mechanisms of its creation and comprehension by involving cognitive procedures of termination and extension together with the discursive and cognitive reconstruction of mental spaces of the fake news text components and using elements of the frame analysis technique.

Thematic Progression Patterns in the English News and the Persian Translation

Thematic progression pattern as the method of development of the text ensures that the reader follows the right path in understanding the text; in this regard, this subject is attracting considerable interest among discourse analysts. This paper calls into question the status of thematic progression in the process of translating English news into Persian. With this in mind, we analyzed the thematic progression patterns of a total of 643 T-units of English news along with their Persian translated version employing Danes and McCabe progression patterns. The results of the Chi-square analysis revealed there was not a significant difference between the progression patterns in English and Persian except for the simple linear pattern. Nevertheless, there were some structural changes resulting in the alterations in progression patterns: Adding the theme that pushes the theme to the rheme, changing the postpositioned declaratives, omitting expletives, dislocating the theme in the T-unit and others. In spite of having linguistically motivated and unmotivated alterations, we also found that Persian translation seems to retain the progression pattern of the English news texts.

The translation of English tourism news text into Indonesian

Translating a text could be done by those who have knowledge about the source language and the target language of a text. The fourth-semester students of STIBA Saraswati Denpasar can be also said to able to do a translation. For this research, the text about tourism is given, since they have already taken the English for tourism subject, and it is hoped that they will understand the special terms of tourism well. This research applied descriptive qualitative, using the data source from the translations of tourism text entitled “Strolling Relaxingly on the Shore of Kuta Beach, President Jokowi Assured that Bali is Safe to Visit” into Indonesian. The research focuses on finding the translation procedure conducted by the students in translating the text and analyzes the reason for applying those procedures by using the theory of translation procedures from Newmark (1988). The result of this research shows that there are three procedures applied mostly by the students in translating the text. First is naturalization because many words in the text were translated into the same terms in the source language, but they have changes in morphology form in the target language. Second is through translation because the students were likely to translate the text literarily following the structure of the sentences in the source text. Meanwhile, the other procedures applied were cultural equivalent, shift/transposition, and transference.&nbsp

Processing possessives in translation between unequal systems. An exploratory study

The present paper reports on results of two translation experiments conducted with eye tracking and keylogging. Norwegian and Danish professional and student translators have each translated a small English news text into their L1. The texts include possessives in different syntactic environments which affect choice between a reflexive and an irreflexive form in the targets. While native speakers are expected to make uniform choices which conform to regularities on local and non-local binding principles in Danish and Norwegian, we find disparate solutions among the participants in both groups. The study compares final products with process data, both in terms of edits and in terms of temporal measures indicative of translation effort. Results show a considerable amount of hesitation on choice in all non-finite clause constructions, although more so among students than among professionals. Questions of translation effects versus an unstable locality principle is taken up in the final discussion.

Thematic structure and translation: A case study of the translation of English news into Persian

Thematic structure is considered as one of the elements of discourse that can be explored especially in the process of translation. Therefore, this study was an attempt to investigate and analyze the thematic structure of English news and their Persian translated version exploiting both descriptive and quantitative approaches. Correspondingly, 1000 clauses in English and 1095 translated clauses in Persian were collected from the University of Tehran Persian-English Comparable Corpus (UTPECC). Then, the extracted data were analyzed adopting Halliday and Matthiessen's (2014) classification of thematic structure. The results of the Chi-square test highlighted a significant difference between various theme types in both corpora except for topical, multiple, elided and interpersonal-topical themes. Moreover, the results were calibrated with a descriptive analysis of the clauses of both corpora showing that there were two major alterations to the thematic structure in the process of translation including changing of themes into rhemes or vice versa as a general trend which realized through some structural procedures. All the structural procedures and a significant difference between the theme types in both corpora showed that the canonical form of Persian structure was preferred over keeping the English thematic structure in the translation of English news text into Persian.

Global Social Event Extraction and Analysis by Processing Online News

The understanding of global social pattern can benefit the society operation a lot, including the domestic social governance, international situation awareness, risk assessment and forecasting, conflict resolution, crisis response and future policy planning. As the development of Internet, hundreds of millions of news could be found online every day, reporting the social events around the world, including political events, diplomatic events, cultural events, natural disasters, etc. However, by manual reading and analyzing, it is too difficult to deal with the vast amount of data and obtain valuable information quickly. Thus, in this paper we investigate the global social event extraction and analysis method based on the automatic processing of online news, including 1) event model building, 2) event information extraction and automatic classification based on English news text, 3) global social dynamic analysis and visualization based on event data. Finally, we constructed the method on the real global news data collected from more than 200 sitesto evaluate their performance and interpret some underlying insights of the results.