English Literary Discourse Research Articles

Translation transformations application in the process of psychologism rendering in English literary discourse

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities and translation transformations application while rendering psychologism from English into Ukrainian. The main scientific results are obtained applying a set of general scientific and special methods of research, namely: analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the problems of psychologism rendering in the process of translation; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis; holistic and integral approaches to the study of translation transformations; comparative, descriptive and analytical methods. Psychologism is an important element of a literary work that allows the reader to understand the inner world of the characters, their thoughts, feelings and experiences. When psychologism rendering, linguists often apply the following techniques to reproduce the psychological state of a character: using an internal monologue, dialogues, descriptions of appearance or the environment; using stylistic devices: metaphors, epithets, hyperbole and similes to enhance the psychological effect; taking into account cultural peculiarities. The author highlights that to achieve adequate translation the translator uses transformations to ensure that the translation text conveys all the information contained in the source text to the fullest extent possible, strictly adhering to the norms of the target language. The most frequently used translation transformations in the reproduction of psychologism are lexical transformations that adequately convey the semantic, stylistic and pragmatic features of the lexical unit, taking into account the norms of the target language. The main transformations in this group are semantic development, conceptual substitution, decompression and compression. As the analysed examples show, these transformations are often combined with each other and acquire the character of complex translation transformations, which is a necessary tool for preserving the specificity of psychologism in the English literary discourse text translation into Ukrainian.

Actualization of the Future Meaning in English Literary Discourse

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of linguistic means that serve to express the future meaning in English. The material for the study was the direct speech of a novel written by a British author, from which 1,695 examples containing predicative grammatical and lexico-grammatical units with the future meaning were extracted by continuous sampling. The study of the extracted language units was carried out using componential, distributive, contextual and quantitative analyses. The results of the study revealed a significant repertoire of linguistic means, expressing the future meaning with varying degrees of discreteness. Among the grammatical forms of the indicative mood, Future Indefinite and Present Indefinite were the most frequent; among the forms of the subjunctive mood, the form would + infinitive was in the lead. The imperative mood showed a very high frequency, being the most common grammatical means in the contexts of the future meaning. Of the lexico-grammatical means (represented by biverbal constructions), be going to + infinitive and can + infinitive were quite frequent. The Continuous and Perfect forms turned out to be much less common. It was also found that when used in contexts of the future meaning, the grammatical Continuous forms partially lose the semantics of duration, and the Perfect forms partially lose the semantics of completeness, which leads to a certain neutralization of their aspectual characteristics. Grammatical forms with the primary future meaning tended to be used as absolute tenses, while forms with the secondary future meaning — such as Present Indefinite, Present Perfect, Past Subjunctive — tended to express relative temporal semantics in dependent predication.

THE SPECIFIC OF THE TRANSLATION OCCASIONAL WORDS IN THE ENGLISH-LITERARY DISCOURSE

We have analyzed the ways of translating occasional words in the English-literary discourse. In our research we use the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, comparative method and contextual analysis. The aim of the research is to determine the specifics of the translation of occasional words and to confirm or refute the productive or unproductive forms of the formation of occasionalisms. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that the occasional words have some difficulties for translation. To translate occasionalisms the translator should know the translation techniques, know the features of the word-formation model and also have a lateral thinking and creative abilities. Analyzing our research we come to conclusion that translators use calques (50%) as a productive model. However, other translation techniques were also used: transcription, transliteration, semantic neologism and functional equivalent.

On the use of manipulative techniques in Еnglish literary discourse

Manipulation is inherently incentive, aimed at exerting covert influence and inducing the recipient to the actions necessary for the manipulator. Such control is, first of all, the control of the mind, i.e. the beliefs of the recipients, and indirect control of their actions, with their beliefs being manipulated. This paper explores pragmatics of manipulative techniques in English literary discourse. Manipulation happens in implicit communication. Reading between the lines and explicating the implications of a text has become a primary focus in literary analysis. The analysis of linguistic material is carried out by means of discourse approach and pragmalinguistic method of research. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to cover all forms of interpersonal manipulation in fictional dialogue: deception, pressuring, and exploiting emotional vulnerability or character defects. The analysis showed that exploiting emotional vulnerability occurs much more frequently in fictional dialogue than other forms of manipulation. The investigation has focused on manipulative techniques as closely related to narrative irony. In a short story or a novel, narrative irony serves as scaffolding for using manipulation, viz. for creating the situation favourable for accomplishing the manipulators scheme.

Pragmatic Metaphorisation of Nature Silence Effect in Poetic Discourse

associated with verbal and non-verbal communication. The purpose of the article is to study the discursive and communicative-pragmatic nature of poetical images of silence in the English-language literary discourse. The universal and cultural functions of this notion were analysed and the main approaches to the poetical silence study were determined. It became clear that the phenomenon of Nature Silence can be actualised with the help of Nature and other landscape images in the field of English literary discourse. Such images must belong to the paradigm of English landscape images represented by Earthy, Aerial and Celestial substantial nature symbols. In terms of discourse-communicative approach to the study of communicative silence, these elements play an important role of the main producers of Nature Silence. This work proposes the new pragmatic and communicative approach of understanding the Nature silence in English literary discourse. The main verbal units that can actualise the poetical image of silence are characterised by the permanent correlation with the different symbols of nature, showing the dominant and peripheral characteristics. Being the pragmatic realisation of silence image, motives of Nature Silence may be considered both as dominant and background.

The Liminality of an East-Central European Hamlet – Rose Tremain’s The Road Home as an Adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

Rose Tremain’s The Road Home explores the experiences of an Eastern European immigrant. The English literary discourse on this experience takes the form of a pastiche which reinterprets Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. Hamlet’s liminality, experienced as a young and lonely rebel, and Lev’s hybridity, which he experiences in a cross-cultural position, is manifested in the same patterns. Tremain’s book follows Hamlet in showing liminality through madness, scenes of a theatre, and death as memory. These common features also share the important aspect of seeming instead of knowing which is a Kierkegaardian idea of non-existence. Following Edward S. Casey’s argumentation that Kierkegaard’s ideas are in accordance with Hamlet’s dilemma of whether to hesitate and think or to act and decide, this study investigates the scope of liminality in the character of Lev as an East-Central European Hamlet.

Окказионализмы как способ реализации лингвокреативности (на материале англоязычного художественного дискурса)

Рецензируемые научные журналы МГОУ. Журналы МГОУ входящие в перечень ВАК: География, История, Международные отношения, Политология, Лингвистика, Педагогика, Психология, Филология, Физика-математика, Философия, Экономика, Юриспруденция

Isolating Intensifiers in Verbal Processes Found in English Literary Discourse

Abstract: Isolating intensifiers are regarded as markers of the lexical-grammatical class denoting graduation. This category of language performs up-scaling or down-scaling of isolated and individual item solely so as to convey the level of intensity (Martin & White, 2005). The paper aims at exploring how isolating intensifiers upgrade and downgrade verbal processes found in English literary discourse. The study was conducted using qualitative method and basing on 120 samples extracted from the English literary works namely Wuthering Heights by Bronté, The Man of Property by Galsworthy, The moon and Sixpence by Maugham and Vanity Fair by Thackeray. The findings show that the isolating intensifiers can modify a range of various processes such as Material, Mental, Behaviour and Rational processes so as to raise or lower the degree of intensity for the processes. The study also makes some certain contributions to English learning, teaching as well as language study. 

Indirect speech act as manipulative means in the context of reframing technology (based on English literary discourse)

The article presents the study of an indirect speech act from the point of reframing methodology to reveal the manipulative character of indirect utterances in English literary discourse. This paper proposes an inquiry into the communicative-pragmatic specifics of indirect speech acts in English literary communication. To describe and reveal the manipulative character of indirect speech acts in English literary discourse, a descriptive method was used, which yields a set of procedures for classification and interpretation of the indirect utterance. Indirect speech act is a contextually dependent utterance that requires the usage of methods of distributive, interpretive and contextual analysis in the process of its study. These methods make it possible to explain and detect the nature and strength of illocutionary purpose of indirect speech acts and the binary functions they perform in English literary dialogues. Indirect speech act is generally recognized via conversational implicature, but the article follows the thought of existing an additional illocutionary force in an indirect utterance. An additional illocutionary force extends the indirect speech act’s meaning and functions to actualize the speaker’s communicative intention in verbal interaction. The article aims to give an account of the mechanism of indirect speech acts interpretation due to the context and meaning reframing methodology. It is found out that an indirect speech act is a context dependent inferential act. Micro- and macrocontext are essential for relevant interpretation of an indirect speech act. Lingual and extralingual factors, such as interpersonal relationships between speakers, their status and intentions, type of communicative situations demonstrate a principal role in an indirect speech act comprehension. It has been investigated the correlation of indirect utterance with a context by means of reframing. Context/meaning reframing is considered as a tool for looking at a situation or an utterance from a different perspective, thereby changing the meaning of that communicative situation or an utterance. Changing the meaning of a situation or an utterance will influence the type and character of the illocutionary force of an utterance as well as speakers’ communicative intention in verbal interaction. Reframing methodology allows using indirect speech acts as the efficient means of speech manipulation.

Pragmatics of interaction of verbal and non-verbal emotive means of communication in formation of ecological message in English literary discourse

Pragmatics of interaction of verbal and non-verbal emotive means of communication in formation of ecological message in English literary discourse

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES AND TACTICS OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN SMALL TALK

The article focuses on the study of communication strategies and tactics used by participants of small talk. The material under analysis is the English-language literary discourse. The linguistic analysis of the selected data has been based on the application of the pragmatic linguistic method, cognitive method, the component analysis. The article analyses linguistic definitions of small talk and describes possible types of relationships between participants of small talk. It has been established that it is not the communicative, but the pragmatic function of the language that is foregrounded in the genre of small talk. Based on the analysis of our own factual material, it has been proved that adhering to Politeness Principle is the main communicative intention of the participants of small talk. The article offers our own classification of communication strategies and tactics that realize positive and negative politeness in small talk. The following strategies of positive politeness have been forwarded: 1) the contact-establishing strategy (realized by the tactics of showing interest in the interlocutor and a positive evaluation), 2) the strategy of group identity (realized by the tactics of intimization (secrecy), social advantage and negative evaluation of other people (gossip)). The strategies of negative politeness include: 1) the strategy of utterance mitigation (realized by the tactics of making a statement less categorical and mitigating negative assessment), 2) the strategy of advancing the status of the addressee (realized by the tactics of compliment and flattery), 3) the face saving strategy (realized by the tactics of subject change and evasion of a question). All the outlined strategies and tactics have been supported by the factual data taken from modern English literary discourse.

Establishing the Symbolic Association of the Concept of 'Youth' in the British and American Literary Discourse in the 19th-21st Centuries

The article deals with axiologically marked symbolic associations related to the sociocultural phenomenon of youth. The research is conducted on the basis of social novels by British and American authors of the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The symbolic meaning of the concept is formed in a textual context and motivated by cultural images, ideas and values. It does not cause an internal semantic change but complements the range of meaning in the process of discourse implementation. The study of the symbolic embodiment of the concept of YOUTH in English literary discourse is not limited to the analysis of individual words but requires conducting an interpretative-textual analysis of the coherent discourse situation, indicating the formation of an associative chain during concept actualization. Chain elements are linked internally into a single unit, forming an associative group. The symbol, carrying the axiological potential of its culture, operates in inseparable unity with the axiological component of the concept under study. The data clarify the relationship between positive and negative axiological representations of the concept.

Ситуації оцінки з низьким рівнем імпліцитності в англійськомовному художньому дискурсі

Ситуації оцінки з низьким рівнем імпліцитності в англійськомовному художньому дискурсі

Linguoemotive modelling of epigraphs in the postmodern text by John Fowles (on material of the novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman)

This article deals with the problem of the design of the linguoemotive model of the epigraphs of a postmodern text. The research object is a postmodern text, the research subject is the linguoemotive models of epigraphs in modern English literary discourse. The material of the research is the postmodern novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman by John Fowles. The research methodology is based on the anthropocentric paradigm in the framework of communicative linguistics. Modelling is a process of the design and application of models. The aim of text modelling is to analyse and describe transfer, perception and interpretation of texts and situations verbally and non-verbally. Linguoemotive modelling of a postmodern text can be characterized as fragmented, incomplete, having different levels of generalization and interpretation. A situational emotive component that is presented linguistically enhances the sense of a text. The specificity of the novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman by John Fowles consists in emotively loaded epigraphs. Interaction of a text and a situation on the basis of emotion-modified propositions reflects the author’s idiostyle.

Cognitive and pragmatic approach to using stylistic devices in English literary discourse

Cognitive and pragmatic approach to using stylistic devices in English literary discourse

Investigating Cohesive Devices in Wordsworth Poetry

This study has attempted to investigate the use of cohesive devices in Wordsworth poetry. It has aimed to understand the role of stylistics analysis in shaping the meanings of literary texts. In addition to explain how cohesion can contribute to interpreting and understanding poetry. The significant of the study is based on the fact that it contributes to the understanding of how linguistic and stylistic analysis of a text can be used, extensively, to clarify features and meanings in texts. Nine poems were selected to represent Wordsworth poetry. The poems were selected randomly. Cohesive devices were identified in the poems and analyzed using the content analysis technique. They were analyzed quantitatively. The analysis revealed a number of interesting results, namely: All types of cohesive devices were used in the poems selected for the purpose of the study (reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion). There were some variations in the use of some devices; in that certain devices were used at a very high rate of frequency compared to others. The main function of the use of cohesive devices within the poems was to help the poet express romantic values. Based on the results obtained, the study suggests the following: First, it would be interesting, for further studies to conduct more studies on the coherence of English literary discourse. Second, it is worth to investigate cohesive devices of the sociolinguistic aspects within poetry, as poetry is an important area whose genre contains impressive socio-cultural meaning.

Pragmatic filters shaping a cognitive evaluative judgment into an evaluative utterance (on the samples from English literary discourse)

Pragmatic filters shaping a cognitive evaluative judgment into an evaluative utterance (on the samples from English literary discourse)

Investigating Cohesive Devices in Wordsworth Poetry

This study has attempted to investigate the use of cohesive devices in Wordsworth poetry. It has aimed to understand the role of stylistics analysis in shaping the meanings of literary texts. In addition to explain how cohesion can contribute to interpreting and understanding poetry. The significant of the study is based on the fact that it contributes to the understanding of how linguistic and stylistic analysis of a text can be used, extensively, to clarify features and meanings in texts. Nine poems were selected to represent Wordsworth poetry. The poems were selected randomly. Cohesive devices were identified in the poems and analyzed using the content analysis technique. They were analyzed quantitatively. The analysis revealed a number of interesting results, namely: All types of cohesive devices were used in the poems selected for the purpose of the study (reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion). There were some variations in the use of some devices; in that certain devices were used at a very high rate of frequency compared to others. The main function of the use of cohesive devices within the poems was to help the poet express romantic values. Based on the results obtained, the study suggests the following: First, it would be interesting, for further studies to conduct more studies on the coherence of English literary discourse. Second, it is worth to investigate cohesive devices of the sociolinguistic aspects within poetry, as poetry is an important area whose genre contains impressive socio-cultural meaning.

Irony and Means of its Realization in English Literary Discourse (Translation Aspect)

Irony and Means of its Realization in English Literary Discourse (Translation Aspect)

On the Ways of Creating Structural Irony in English Literary Discourse

The concept of structural irony is traditionally associated with an implication of alternate or reversed meaning that pervades a work. A major technique for sustaining structural irony is the use of a naïve protagonist or unreliable narrator who continually interprets events and intentions in ways that the author signals are mistaken [1, 45].This paper sets out to investigate structural irony as the organizational principle in English literary discourse. After a survey of different views of structural irony, an attempt is made to verify that the pragmalinguistic techniques, viz. the play on double meaning, echoic mentioning of the word or phrase, the use of emphatic structures in free indirect speech, and repetition of patterns of behavior, are employed in constructing structural irony. The results of the analysis conducted on the material of short stories and novels of English-speaking authors will be presented in order to demonstrate that structural irony can be constructed by combining various linguistic devices to achieve the ironic effect.