The experience of learning a series of English languages is not only a series of knowledge acquisition but also a process that enables students to have a continuous psychological transformation. The development of English learning psychology determines the final effect of English learning. Translation ability is an indispensable ability in English learning. The development of translation ability has a profound impact on English learning psychology. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted related investigations on English translation ability and college students’ English learning psychology, but these studies have not established a connection between English translation ability and psychological barriers and have not clearly solved the problem. There is also a large gap in research methods. Theory. This research is aimed at exploring the interaction between translation ability and psychological barriers in English learning under the background of wireless network communication and promoting the improvement of college students’ comprehensive English ability. This article first discusses the content of English translation and expounds the types of learning disabilities and the specific manifestations of learning disabilities. Then, through the questionnaire survey method, it analyzes the translation ability and English learning psychology of the current college students in our country. Finally, the Apriori data association algorithm is used to explain the relationship between them, and specific solutions are proposed based on the survey results. Studies have shown that 72.6% of students have poor English translation skills, and 69.4% of students have psychological obstacles in English learning. Apriori = 0.89, close to 1, indicating that college students’ English translation ability is closely related to psychological barriers.