English Language Videos Research Articles

Analysis of YouTube Videos on Herbal Approaches Used in Coping with Cancer.

The use of herbal approaches is very common among cancer patients. Patients obtain information about herbal products mostly from YouTube. However, toxicity and complications may develop as a result of unconscious use of herbal products. This study was conducted to evaluate the scope, validity, reliability and quality of English language videos on YouTube about herbal approaches to cope with cancer. The present descriptive study analyzed a total of 62 YouTube videos. All videos published on YouTube until 10 January 2024 were watched as a result of a search with English words 'herbal approaches for cancer treatment' and 'herbal approaches for medicine' . The 62 videos that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for reliability, quality, and content by 2 independent reviewers by using the Global Quality Score, DISCERN, JAMA scales and Herbal Approaches Checklist. The results indicated that the videos included in the study exhibited moderate quality. Of the analyzed videos, 53.2% were found to be informative and 46.8% were found to be misleading. It was established that 59.7% (n=37) of the videos recommended the use of herbs that are known to be incompatible with chemotherapy. It was concluded that the majority of the videos on YouTube about herbal approaches had low accuracy, low quality and insufficient information level. In addition, the use of many herbal products incompatible with cancer type and treatment was recommended. However, the level of knowledge of health professionals regarding herbal approaches should also be taken into consideration and it should be recommended that health professionals with expertise in this field inform patients. Nurses should educate patients about herbal approaches and guide them in evaluating the reliability of online sources. They should stay updated through continuous education on herbal products and collaborate with other healthcare professionals to prevent potential herb-drug interactions.

P-1393. TikTok Fact or Fiction: Dissecting Misinformation about STIs in the Digital Landscape

Abstract Background With over 1 billion TikTok users, the platform has seen an unprecedented influx of content. Studies have noted a significant shift in TikTok's role as a source of medical information. While some creators utilize the platform to disseminate scientifically supported content, others unintentionally or deliberately propagate misinformation. Thus, navigating the misinformation surrounding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) becomes crucial for effective infection control. Methods Forty TikTok's were analyzed covering the CDC’s eight most common STIs: Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Syphilis, HIV, Hepatitis B, Trichomonas, HSV, and HPV. Inclusion criteria required English-language videos with >10K likes posted after 2020. Exclusions comprised content from medical professionals, pharmaceutical companies, and non-educational videos. Two graders assessed video accuracy on a scale from 0 being completely accurate to 4 being completely inaccurate using CDC guidelines as reference. A weighted Cohen's kappa score was calculated to determine inter-rater agreement. The two grades for each video were averaged and used to calculate the results. Results The forty videos analyzed had an average like-and-share count of 139K and 7.5K, respectively. The average TikTok score was 1.325 indicating that in general, content was not free of inaccuracies. In fact, 65% of the TikTok's analyzed contained at least one inaccuracy and about 28% were graded as mostly inaccurate (score > 2). The top three topics covered were STI transmission, symptoms, and treatment. Among these, 78% of treatment and 69% of transmission videos contained inaccurate information. Further, 44% of videos regarding STI treatment obtained a score of 4 indicating complete inaccuracy. The kappa coefficient was 0.555 indicating moderate agreement between graders. Conclusion Today access to educational content is as easy as opening TikTok. Expanding access to STI education has potential to improve public health, but viewers must proceed with caution. Our study found that misinformation is common on TikTok, especially surrounding STI treatment and transmission. Misinformation can fuel stigmas on this sensitive topic, create barriers to those seeking proper care for STIs, and ultimately can lead to poor public health outcomes. Disclosures Joseph Patrik Hornak, MD, Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant

YouTube Videos of Pacemaker Implantation: An Assessment of Information Content and Quality.

Permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is a commonly performed procedure. Patients increasingly use the Internet for information on medical interventions. We aimed to assess the quality of videos discussing PPM implantation on YouTube for patient consumption. YouTube was searched on October 19, 2022, for "PPM implantation" and "Pacemaker." The first 100 results from each search were screened: all English language videos containing predominant discussion of transvenous PPMs were included; YouTube shorts and advertisements were excluded. Two authors independently assessed videos for information content based on criteria generated using established patient resources supplemented by expert consensus. Video reliability and quality were assessed using a novel scoring system. Thirty-three videos with a cumulative total of 5 864 488 views were included. No video contained all essential information criteria. The average number of essential criteria covered was 8/32 (standard deviation 4.8). Peri-operative management was, particularly, poorly covered: no item relating to preoperative management or postoperative care was covered by more than 40% of videos. None of the videos fulfilled all quality criteria, with a median score of 7.5/13 (interquartile range 6.5-8). Videos performed, particularly, poorly on providing balanced messages, creator disclosures, attribution of source content, and indicating when videos were made. YouTube videos of PPM implantation do not contain sufficient information to allow patients to gain an appropriate understanding of this procedure. Furthermore, the information presented is of insufficient quality to support decision-making. There is a need for a professionally regulated, comprehensive audiovisual patient resource on PPM implantation.

YouTube videos as an information source about exercises for temporomandibular disorders.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are musculoskeletal and/or neuromuscular conditions that affect the muscles, joints and associated structures of the stomatognathic system. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of publicly available English-language videos on YouTube about TMD exercises, and to examine the video sources and professional groups responsible for the creation of the videos. The quality and reliability of the YouTube videos related to TMD exercises were evaluated using the DISCERN score, the global quality scale (GQS) and the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) score. Of the 121 videos evaluated, 30 (24.8%) were uploaded by professional organizations, 49 (40.5%) by health information websites, and 42 (34.7%) were uploaded by independent users. Professional organizations had a significantly higher number of subscribers, likes, comments, and views than healthcare webpages and independent users (p < 0.001). The duration of videos uploaded by independent users was significantly longer than that of videos uploaded by healthcare webpages (p = 0.018). With regard to the profession of the video narrators, the unspecified group exhibited significantly lower JAMA (p < 0.001), GQS (p = 0.011) and DISCERN scores (p = 0.002) compared to chiropractors, physiotherapists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals. The JAMA scores for physicians, personal trainers and chiropractors were significantly lower than those for other healthcare professionals (p < 001). The JAMA score was positively correlated with the GQS (r = 0.469, p < 0.001) and DISCERN (r = 0.505, p < 0.001) scores. Similarly, the DISCERN score was positively correlated with the GQS score (r = 0.924, p < 0.001). Despite the abundance of video content on YouTube about TMD exercises, the quality of these videos is low, and their reliability is questionable.

Using a Popular Video Platform to Assess Patient Perceptions of Clubfoot Deformity.

In today's world, individuals receive much of their medical information from the Internet, including social media platforms such as the increasingly popular TikTok, a video-sharing site. This study's purpose was to better understand the content popular online regarding clubfoot deformity. The 50 most viewed, English language videos on TikTok with the tags #clubfootjourney, #talipes, #clubfootcast, #clubfoottreatment, and #clubfoot were identified and independently evaluated by 2 separate reviewers for creator demographics, video type, and prominent themes. Videos were also assessed for medical accuracy and given a score for understandability and actionability based on the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). In total, the videos had 87.7 million views, 3.8 million "likes", and 42.1 thousand comments. Health care professionals created 10% of the videos, and only 1 video was made by an orthopaedic surgeon. Of all the videos, including those created by non-health-care professionals, 82% included medically substantiated and accurate claims. A majority of the videos were primarily educational (70%), with the remainder primarily motivational (30%). Tone varied between positive (74%), and neutral (26%) with no negative tone although most watched videos accounting for 30 million views were primarily motivational. Prominent themes included casting journey (32%), medical education/demonstration (22%), and adults with clubfoot deformity (12%). Ideas such as fear, pain, and discomfort (55%), the importance of family support (25%), and hygiene (20%) were also represented. None of the videos exhibited themes of race in medicine or socioeconomic barriers. All videos were also found to have an average understandability of 74.3% and an average actionability of 36.3%, according to the PEMAT. The substantial number of views and "likes" accumulated by these videos highlights the breadth of content and utilization of social media by the public. This study reveals an opportunity for health care professionals to reach patients with accurate information, identify areas of fear/distrust, and address negative or incorrect perceptions that pervades a variety of interventions with regards to clubfoot deformity management and treatment.

YouTube as a source of information in cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 2020 AHA Resuscitation Guidelines.

The Internet has transformed global information access, particularly through platforms like YouTube, which launched in 1995 and has since become the second largest search engine worldwide with over two billion monthly users. While YouTube offers extensive educational content, including health topics like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and basic life support (BLS), it also poses risks due to potential misinformation. Our study focuses on evaluating the accuracy of CPR and BLS videos on YouTube according to the latest 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. This research aims to highlight inconsistencies and provide insights into improving YouTube as a reliable educational resource for both lay rescuers and healthcare professionals. In this cross-sectional observational study, English YouTube videos uploaded between October 21, 2020, and May 1, 2023, were searched using keywords related to CPR and basic life support. Videos were assessed for their source, duration, views, use of human or mannequin models, and mean assessment scores by two emergency medicine physicians. A third physician's opinion was sought in cases of disagreement. The first assessment evaluated video validity based on specified information criteria, while the second assessed their ability to convey advanced medical information aligned with the 2020 AHA guidelines. In this study, 201 English YouTube videos uploaded between October 21, 2020, and May 1, 2023, were evaluated based on search terms related to CPR and BLS, resulting in 95 videos meeting inclusion criteria after excluding 106 due to various reasons. Most included videos were from healthcare professionals (49.5%), followed by anonymous sources (29.5%) and official medical organizations (21.1%). Video durations ranged widely from 43 to 6,019 seconds, with an average of 692 seconds. Videos featuring mannequins predominated (91.6%), followed by those using human subjects (5.3%) or both (3.2%). Healthcare professional and official medical organization videos scoring significantly higher than those of unknown origin (p=0.001). Video length did not correlate significantly with view counts, although shorter videos under 5 minutes tended to have higher average views. The results presented in this study demonstrated that English-language videos on YouTube related to BLS and CPR, throughout the study period, did not conform to the 2020 AHA guidelines in terms of providing basic information for lay rescuers. Furthermore, healthcare professionals cannot obtain advanced medical knowledge through these videos. We recommend a professional oversight mechanism in health-related videos that does not tolerate such misinformation.

TREE ADVENTURE IN ENGLISH: A JOURNEY INTO EXPLORING TREE SPECIES, ENGLISH, AND DIGITAL LITERACY

The presented research demonstrates the use of innovative teaching methods by incorporating cross-curricular integration of natural sciences and English and using digital competencies in the classroom. Students actively developed digital skills through interactive activities while learning about forests in the English language. They expanded their vocabulary on tree species and forests and practiced comprehension based on authentic English-language recordings. Particular emphasis was placed on recognizing tree species based on leaves, fruits, and general characteristics and acquiring the relevant vocabulary in English. Based on the English language video, students learned to distinguish between fir, spruce, and pine. They developed digital skills in various areas and at distinct levels by photographing trees for the film's background, drafting a script, and recording a film, which served as the final product of their learning. This approach connected theoretical knowledge with practical skills, fostering creativity and collaboration. These innovative approaches demonstrate the positive effects of cross-curricular teaching of natural sciences and English and the use of digital competencies in the classroom, allowing students to comprehensively understand the subject matter and contribute to their holistic development in multiple areas. Innovative approaches encourage active participation and the development of language skills and strengthen cooperation. Keywords: digital competencies, cross-curricular integration, English, forest trees, natural sciences

Evaluating the quality and reliability of youtube videos on achilles tendinopathy: a comprehensive analysis

Aims: This study evaluates the quality, reliability, and educational value of YouTube videos on Achilles tendinopathy. Methods: A YouTube search using the keyword “Achilles tendinopathy” was conducted on June 20, 2024, using an incognito browser tab. The first 50 English-language videos were analyzed for upload date, duration, views, likes, dislikes, comments, and categorized by source and content. The DISCERN score, Global Quality Score (GQS), and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score were used to assess video quality and reliability. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman test for correlations. Results: Among 50 videos, the average DISCERN score was 42.5, GQS was 3.2, and JAMA score was 2.6, indicating moderate overall quality. Academic physician videos had higher scores. Exercise training videos scored significantly higher in quality assessments. The highest Video Power Index (VPI) was also found in videos by academic physicians. Conclusion: YouTube videos on Achilles tendinopathy provide moderately sufficient information, with higher quality in videos produced by academic physicians and those focusing on exercise training. The study suggests a need for standardized, high-quality educational content on online platforms.

‘That’s not what they said!' The impact of incongruities between the dialogue and intralingual subtitles on viewer experience

ABSTRACT Subtitling is often viewed as a vulnerable form of translation, subject to close scrutiny and criticism, especially by viewers who can readily assess its accuracy against the original dialogues. Today, an increasing number of viewers choose to watch audiovisual content with intralingual English-to-English subtitles although they can understand English and have no hearing impairment. In this study, we explore how such viewers, proficient in the language of the soundtrack, react towards slight incongruities between the original dialogues and the accompanying subtitles. Our participants comprised 160 individuals: 43 L1-English speakers from the UK and 52 from Australia, and 65 L1-Polish L2-English speakers. They viewed English-language videos with intralingual English subtitles, with and without incongruities, while we gauged their cognitive load, enjoyment, and comprehension. We found that incongruities led to a slightly higher cognitive load and reduced enjoyment, yet did not impact comprehension. Polish viewers did not report the highest cognitive load, nor did they exhibit the lowest levels of enjoyment or comprehension. These results and their implications are discussed within the landscape of current audiovisual translation practices.

Is YouTube a sufficient source of information on Sarcoidosis?

BackgroundThe internet is a common source of health information for patients and caregivers. To date, content and information quality of YouTube videos on sarcoidosis has not been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate the content and quality of information on sarcoidosis provided by YouTube videos.MethodsOf the first 200 results under the search term “sarcoidosis,” all English-language videos with content directed at patients were included. Two independent investigators assessed the content of the videos based on 25 predefined key features (content score with 0–25 points), as well as reliability and quality (HONCode score with 0–8 points, DISCERN score with 1–5 points). Misinformation contained in the videos was described qualitatively.ResultsThe majority of the 85 included videos were from an academic or governmental source (n = 63, 74%), and median time since upload was 33 months (IQR 10–55). Median video duration was 8 min (IQR 3–13) and had a median of 2,044 views (IQR 504 − 13,203). Quality assessment suggested partially sufficient information: mean HONCode score was 4.4 (SD 0.9) with 91% of videos having a medium quality HONCode evaluation. Mean DISCERN score was 2.3 (SD 0.5). Video content was generally poor with a mean of 10.5 points (SD 0.6). Frequently absent key features included information on the course of disease (6%), presence of substantial geographical variation (7%), and importance of screening for extrapulmonary manifestations (11%). HONCode scores were higher in videos from academic or governmental sources (p = 0.003), particularly regarding “transparency of sponsorship” (p < 0.001). DISCERN and content scores did not differ by video category.ConclusionsMost YouTube videos present incomplete information reflected in a poor content score, especially regarding screening for extrapulmonary manifestations. Quality was partially sufficient with higher scores in videos from academic or governmental sources, but often missing references and citing specific evidence. Improving patient access to trustworthy and up to date information is needed.

YouTube Videos Provide Low-Quality Educational Content About the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to evaluate the reliability and quality of the educational content of YouTube videos about anterolateral ligament (ALL). MethodsA standard search was performed on the YouTube database. All English-language videos were included for analysis. Video reliability was assessed with the use of the DISCERN tool, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Data regarding the duration of the videos, the date of publication, and the number of likes and views were collected. Furthermore, videos were categorized based on video source (health professionals, company, private user), the type of information (surgical technique, overview, anatomy, radiology and patient experience) and video content (education, patient experience/testimony). ResultsA total of 94 videos were included in the analysis. Eighty-eight (93.6%) videos were published by health professionals, while 4 (4.3%) were published by companies and 2 (2.1%) were published by private users. Most of the videos were about surgical technique (57.4%), and almost all the videos (98.9%) had an educational aim except one that reported a patient experience (1.1%). The mean length of the videos was 648.4±973.5 seconds, and the mean online period was 34.5±27.0 months. The mean DISCERN score, JAMA score and GQS were 32.9±15.9, 1.5±0.9 and 2.3±1.0, respectively. Videos that provided an overview of the ALL were the best in terms of all quality scores and were significantly higher quality than videos about surgical technique and anatomy, radiology and patient experience for all the scores (p<0.001). No difference was found between surgical technique and anatomy, radiology and patient experience (DISCERN score p>0.99; JAMA score: p=0.839; GQS: p>0.99). ConclusionsThe educational content of YouTube videos about the anterolateral ligament of the knee showed low quality and validity based on the DISCERN, JAMA and GQS scores.

The Effects of Watching Authentic English Videos with and Without Subtitle on EFL Learner’s Motivation in Listening Skills at SMAN 3 Kediri

This study aims to examine the effect of watching original English videos with or without subtitles on the listening ability of EFL students at SMA 3 Kediri. This research uses quantitative methods. The research participants consisted of a group of EFL students, taken from class XII-IPS 2 at SMAN 3 Kediri. And data is collected through tests from previous listening results and questionnaires. This intervention involved exposing participants to original English-language videos in two conditions: one with English subtitles and the other without English subtitles. Motivational factors influencing student engagement with learning materials were explored through analysis of questionnaire responses. The findings show that the use of subtitles has a significant effect on students' listening abilities, while most students are motivated to watch English films. The recommendations of this research can help develop learning approaches that suit the needs of EFL students in the region.

How useful are YouTube videos of pacemaker implantation? An objective study to assess quality of information content

Abstract Background Permanent pacemakers (PPM) are a commonly performed, life-saving cardiac procedure. Patients often seek further information on medical interventions beyond traditional consultation spaces via the Internet, but such resources can contain varying amounts of procedure-critical information. This has not been previously assessed for PPM implantation. Objective To assess the level of patient-relevant information content in videos of PPM implantation on YouTube. Methods We performed searches on YouTube using the search terms "Pacemaker" and "PPM implantation". Both searches were performed twice for reproducibility. The first 100 results from each search were screened for inclusion. All English language videos covering transvenous pacemaker implantation were included. A list of key information criteria encompassing several domains (explanation of the procedure, indications, pre-operative considerations, operative details, post-operative care, risks of the procedure, aspects of daily life affected by PPM implantation, prognosis, and alternative treatment options) was generated from existing text resources, supplemented by expert opinion. Two authors (RDS, SR) independently assessed the videos for presence of the predefined information criteria. Results Of 196 unique results, 33 videos uploaded by 32 users met inclusion criteria (Figure 1). No single video contained all essential information criteria. The mean number of criteria covered in the videos was 8/32 (standard deviation 4.8), with a range of 0/32 to 17/32. Three criteria were not covered in any videos. Most videos discussed elements of the PPM implantation procedure, the components of a PPM, and the reasons for implantation. However, key aspects of pre-operative (need for pre-operative tests, medication management) and post-discharge (limiting arm movements on the side of implant, need to keep PPM identity card and contact details of department, driving restrictions, need for generator replacement and likely battery longevity) patient care were rarely discussed (Figure 2). There was also limited discussion of the potential risks of PPM implantation. Furthermore, three videos contained out-of-date information, giving explicit advice to avoid all magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion Videos on YouTube on PPM implantation do not contain sufficient information to give patients sufficient overview of the procedure. In some cases, they contain out-of-date information that may adversely affect the decision to implant and deprive patients of important diagnostic tests. They lack key patient-centric information on the practicalities of care around the procedure, which is probably the information most relevant to and desired by patients. There is a need for a professionally regulated, exhaustive audio-visual resource for patients seeking further information on PPM implantation. Furthermore, there is a need for increased oversight of patient information material uploaded on the Internet.

Translation of English Videos to Indian Regional Languages

In spite of many languages being spoken in India, it is difficult for the people to understand Indian regional languages like English, Gujrati, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Punjabi, Malayalam, etc. The recognition and synthesis of speech are prominent emerging technologies in natural language processing and communication domains. This paper aims to leverage the open-source applications of these technologies, machine translation, text-to-speech system (TTS), and speech-to-text system (STT) to convert available online resources to Indian languages. This application takes an English language video as an input and separates the audio from video. It then divides the audio file into several smaller chunks based on the timestamps. These audio chunks are then individually converted into text using WhisperAI speech recognition model.And facebooks M2M100 model for translation. After this translation, a TTS system is required to convert the text into the desired audio output. Not many open source TTS systems are available for Indian regional languages. This application is beneficial to visually impaired people as well as individuals who are not capable of reading text to acquire knowledge in their native language. In future, this application aims to achieve ubiquitous communication enabling people of different regions to communicate with each other breaking the language barriers. Index Terms- Translation of English to Regional indian languages, ,translation and transcription using WhisperAI and FacebookM2M100, Jupiter Notebook

Analysis of the quality of information provided by "Dr. YouTube™" on premature ejaculation.

YouTube™ is an important online resource to access health-related online information by the public worldwide. However, the quality of information available on it has not been adequately characterized. To assess the quality and reliability of information available on the treatment of premature ejaculation (PME) on YouTube™ in the Hindi and English language videos. A total of 151 (Hindi: 109, English: 42) YouTube videos were selected for assessment. The quality was evaluated using structured tools: Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT); and a 5-point modified DISCERN questionnaire (Range: 1-serious shortcomings; 5-minimal shortcomings). PEMAT assesses the understandability and actionability of video as separate percentages. Three most common treatments suggested for PME were Kegel exercise (22.5%), start-stop technique (21.9%), and antidepressant medications (20.5%). Antidepressant medications, stop-squeeze techniques, and psychotherapy were more frequently suggested in English videos, whereas ayurvedic or herbal medicines were more frequently suggested in Hindi videos. About two-thirds of videos presented information in an easy-to-understand and actionable manner (PEMAT scores ≥70%). Only 6% of videos had a DISCERN score of ≥4, indicating good overall quality of information presented in them. People likely to encounter poor-quality information when seeking information for PME treatment on YouTube. A large number of videos suggested ineffective or unproven treatment strategies for PME. Healthcare professionals need to be mindful of this while counselling patients, and guide them regarding useful and reliable sources of health information available online.

Is it safe to learn about vital pulp capping from YouTube™ videos? A content and quality analysis

AimTo evaluate YouTube videos on vital pulp capping (VPC) for content, quality, source, usefulness, and reliability. Materials and MethodsThis study assessed 249 English-language videos on vital pulp therapy using the Total Content Score (TCS), Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score and modified DISCERN score. Videos were categorized based on communication quality, duration, likes and dislikes, views, source, and video type. Of the videos analyzed, 22.1% met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc Bonferroni tests. Sperman's correlation, Kendal tau tests for correlations, and Fisher's exact test were used to assess associations between categorical variables. ResultsThe study identified significant correlations between various parameters. A higher TCS was correlated with increased VIQI (p = 0.005) and GQS scores (r = 0.685, p < 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found between GQS scores and TCSs (r = 0.577, p < 0.05). VIQI scores were significantly and positively correlated with TCS (r = 0.573, p < 0.05) and comment count (r = 0.306, p < 0.05). JAMA scores were positively correlated with upload time (r = 0.304, p < 0.05), comment count (r = 0.337, p < 0.05), and likes (r = 0.301, p = 0.05). ConclusionsYouTube videos provided low-to-average quality VPC information and tended to be inaccurate. Therefore, public videos may be incorrect, incomplete, and low-quality. Clinicians and patients should seek reliable information from specialists.

Critical appraisal of YouTube videos regarding peri-implant diseases and conditions: A cross-sectional analysis.

To critically appraise the quality and reliability of YouTube videos regarding peri-implant diseases and conditions as a source of information for patients, students, and young clinicians. In March 2023, electronic searches were performed on YouTube website to identify videos related to peri-implant diseases and conditions. We considered only the relevant 250 English-language videos with durations between 3 and 30 min for final analyses. Following the eligibility criteria videos were evaluated for their demographic data, including number of views; number of likes, dislikes, and comments; days since upload; duration; and number of subscribers. Moreover, two assessors independently evaluated the quality and reliability of the included videos using the DISCERN and Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI) tools. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation analysis (∝ = 0.05). A total of 69 videos were included for profound analyses. The average DISCERN and VIQI scores were 35.04 ± 6.3 and 14.18 ± 2.46, with 53 videos categorized as "poor" quality using the DISCERN tool. A Spearman rank correlation analysis presented a strong agreement between the DISCERN and VIQI scores (r = .753; p < .001). Nevertheless, based on different sources of upload, no statistically significant differences were reported for video demographics, interaction index, and DISCERN and VIQI scores. Although YouTube videos on peri-implant diseases and conditions present accurate preliminary information, their reliability still remains uncertain. Hence, we urge respective policymakers to recognize, endorse and produce high-quality videos for accurate information dissemination.

Critical evaluation of YouTube videos regarding the all-on-4 dental implant treatment concept: A content-quality analysis

Statement of problemRehabilitation of complete edentulous arches by using the all-on-4 dental implant treatment concept is a well-established procedure. Considering the popularity of YouTube as a source for health-related information, a thorough investigation of the content-quality and reliability of videos regarding the all-on-4 concept is lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to critically appraise the content-quality and reliability of YouTube videos regarding the all-on-4 dental implant treatment concept as a source of information for patients, students, and dentists. Material and methodsA comprehensive search was performed on the YouTube website using the specific keyword “All-on-4,” which was identified as the most appropriate search term by the Google Trends website. Only English language videos regarding the all-on-4 dental implant treatment concept were included for systematic analyses. Following the eligibility criteria, the included videos were assessed for their demographic characteristics and quality-content. Based on the content score, the videos were categorized as low content (LC) and moderate + high content (MHC) groups. Further, qualitative analyses were performed by using the DISCERN tool and a global quality (GQ) scale. Statistical analyses were conducted by using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation analysis (α=.05). ResultsOf 250 screened videos, only 73 were eligible for final analyses. The included videos presented an average 123 846 (range, 4 to 3 182 404) views with a mean duration of 528 (range, 12 to 1699) seconds. In addition, the average number of likes was 1122 (range, 0 to 3300), but, remarkably, none of the included videos received any dislikes. Overall, the mean content-quality score was 6.2 ±3.8, thus indicating low-quality content. The average DISCERN and GQ scores were 47.73 ±9.94 and 3.41 ±0.95, with the Spearman rank correlation test showing a strong positive correlation (r=.732; P<.001) among the total obtained scores. Moreover, statistically significant differences were reported between the LC and MHC groups for both DISCERN and GQ scores (P<.001). ConclusionsThe reliability of YouTube videos regarding the all-on-4 dental implant treatment concept is questionable, as they exhibit poor content-quality, thus making them an unreliable source for patients, students, and dentists seeking accurate information.

Особенности функционирования грифонимов в текстах англоязычных фэнтезийных видеоигр

The article highlights the results of a study on the cumulative functionality of fantasy character nominations in English-language video games. The relevant term “grifonym” is introduced for these nominations, proposed to denote quasi-anthroponyms of beings with a high degree of fictionality, possessing a one- or multi-component structural composition and relating to the appearance, unique characteristics, social role, activities, and origin of a fantasy character endowed with certain anthropomorphic traits. Considering the nature of the activities of grifonym bearers, it is established that, in addition to the universal nominative function, grifonyms in the accompanying texts of fantasy genre video games perform the function of conveying information about the specific qualities of the character (appearance, abilities, stage of evolution, etc.), the function of conveying information about the character’s habitat or fantasy locations, and the function of representing the referential correlation of grifonyms with real-world reality. The polyfunctional nature of grifonyms is noted, implying the simultaneous performance of two or more functions in the fantasy discourse. A conclusion is drawn about the significance of grifonym functionality in modeling fantasy realities, and prospects for further research development are outlined.

Gender Disparities in Utilizing Language Features on YouTube Vlogs

This study delves into gender-specific linguistic variations in YouTube vlogs, analysing language features employed by 30 daily English language video vlogs, evenly split between 15 male and 15 female vloggers. Employing a qualitative research design with content analysis, the study identifies prevalent language features and scrutinizes their typologies and intended functions through a systematic four-step method, encompassing data segmentation, code formulation, category development, and the identification of overarching themes. Taboo and swearing, directive and command language feature prominently among male vloggers. In contrast, female vloggers utilize compliments, hedges, tag questions, and questions to engage with their audience on YouTube. This study offers valuable insights into the distinct language patterns of male and female vloggers, contributing to a nuanced understanding of communication dynamics in online platforms and shedding light on the intersection of gender and language in online contexts.