ALTHOUGH GRAMMARIANS have formulated rules that describe the syntax of English 's genitive constructions quite well, they have found the semantics to be complex and difficult to delineate. In an effort to capture the variety of meanings expressed by 's genitive constructions, grammarians have divided them into several semantic categories. Other than the appositive 's genitive (Dublin'sfair city), which is quite rare, six categories have been widely recognized: the subjective genitive or genitive of agency (John's answer), the objective genitive (Richard's arrest), the genitive of origin (Chomsky's Syntactic Structures), the genitive of measure (a hair's breadth), the descriptive genitive (a woman's voice), and the possessive genitive (Mark's boat). Often, however, the desire to find a single comprehensive meaning for the genitive and the fact that possession seems to be its most common meaning have caused grammarians to treat the genitive as a possessive case. Consequently, most contemporary pedagogical texts now use the term POSSESSIVE as an equivalent of GENITIVE and refer to the POSSESSIVE CASE when speaking of the genitive. Moreover, there is rarely any discussion in such texts of the wide range of semantic readings available to many 's genitive constructions. The fact that many's genitives can be paraphrased by sentences containing have, both often expressing a notion of possession, has led some transformational grammarians to hypothesize an underlying syntactic connection between have sentences and genitive constructions. Proposals about the specific nature of this connection have evolved from two points of view. The first, as explicated by Carlota Smith (1964), is that 's genitives are derived transformationally from underlying have sentences. This proposal relies on syntactic evidence that prenominal genitives behave grammatically like determiners and that certain selection restrictions exist between determiners and relative clauses. As she develops her argument, Smith proposes that both the semantic and syntactic evidence connecting 's genitives and have sentences can be explained by a transformation that produces simple genitive sentences, such as The hat is John's, from source sentences with have, such as John has the hat. A relative transformation then produces genitive relative clauses (the hat which is John's), which can be transformed into postnominal genitives (the hat of John's) and prenominal genitives (John's hat). Thus, all surface structure possessive genitives originate from underlying have sentences.