Institutions In England Research Articles

Introduction

Introduction

New England Women in Radiology (NEWR) Invited Lectureship Series: A Novel Program to Advance the Careers of Junior Female Faculty in Academic Radiology

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the New England Women in Radiology (NEWR) program, a new program aimed to generate speaking and networking opportunities for junior women radiologists in New England, by providing opportunities to speak at other academic institutions in the region. A total of 12 academic radiology departments and 20 faculty members at various New England institutions participated in the program during its first year. An institutional survey was sent to all participating institutions and a faculty survey was sent to all participating faculty to assess their experience with the program. Experience was measured using a Likert scale. A word cloud was used to visualize common themes in free response survey questions. Hundred percent of participating institutions and 67% of participating faculty responded to the corresponding surveys. Hundred percent of responding faculty indicated that they would participate in the program again. Ninety-two percent of faculty said that they would recommend the program to a colleague. Fifty-eight percent found the networking opportunity valuable; while 83% believed that participation in the NEWR program would help them achieve a promotion. Hundred percent of the participating institutions who completed the survey strongly agreed that 1) the program was easy to administer, 2) participating in the program was valuable to their educational mission, and 3) participating in the program benefited the promotion of junior women faculty in their department. Initial experience with the NEWR program in its first year was positive amongst both faculty and institutional participants. To further help female junior faculty advance their careers in academia, the NEWR program could be adapted to other geographical locations to incorporate a greater number of institutions and faculty.

Exploring the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Social Restrictions on International University Students: A Qualitative Study.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the mental well-being of university students, but little attention has been given to international students, who may have a unique experience and perspective. The aim of this study was to explore the views of international students and university staff towards COVID-19 restrictions, self-isolation, their well-being, and support needs, through eight online focus groups with international students (n = 29) and semi-structured interviews with university staff (n = 17) at a higher education institution in England. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach, revealing three key themes and six subthemes: (1) practical, academic, and psychological challenges faced during self-isolation and the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) coping strategies to self-isolation and life during the pandemic; and (3) views on further support needed for international students. International students faced practical, academic, and psychological challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly relating to the rapid transition to online learning and the impact of social restrictions on integration with peers and well-being. Online social connections with peers, family, or new acquaintances reduced feelings of isolation and encouraged involvement in university life. Despite raising mental health concerns, most international students did not access mental health support services. Staff related this to perceived stigma around mental health in certain cultural groups. In conclusion, international students experienced specific practical and emotional challenges during the pandemic, and are at risk of mental ill-health, but may not actively seek out support from university services. Proactive and personalised approaches to student support will be important for positive student experiences and the retention of students who are studying abroad in the UK higher education system.

Coming out in the university workplace: a case study of LGBTQ + staff visibility

This article explores the issue of workplace visibility and signs and symbols of LGBTQ + identity in a UK university. A poststructuralist Butlerian theoretical framework underpins this article. Sexual and gender identities are understood as multiple and fragmented, and constructed in relation to others and within the systems of power and knowledge that exist in universities and society more widely. An anonymous survey and focus group discussions were conducted with LGBTQ + staff in a higher education institution in England awarded university status in 1992. Results showed that staff felt relatively comfortable coming out to their peer-groups in the workplace but were less confident in coming out to students. Signs and symbols of LGBTQ + identities were fundamentally important to LGBTQ + staff members in helping them feel safe in the workplace and indicating to LGBTQ + students that they were potentially a source of support. The visibility of LGBTQ + senior leaders was important in empowering staff to believe that they too might progress within the university.

Whose target group is it anyway? The messy business of enacting widening participation policy

ABSTRACT The widening participation (WP) policy agenda directs higher education institutions (HEIs) in England to deliver measures aimed at increasing participation rates among under-represented groups. A central aspect of this is the idea that targeting must be used to reach individuals belonging to these groups. However, the detail of how to go about putting this into practice has largely been left to the interpretation of HEIs and the staff working within them to deliver WP. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with WP practitioners to gain insight into how this policy is being enacted on the ground, this paper will demonstrate how external and situated contexts shape the interpretation of targeting; in particular, the closely interlinked contextual factors of an institution’s position in the HE market, makeup of its student body, and nature of its relationship to the regulator. Furthermore, examining how social class, ethnicity and gender feature within targeting approaches, it will show how different contextual factors make certain target groups possible while effectively precluding others.

The Appeal of Urgency: Extinction Discourses, Myths and the Private Collectors of Australian Aboriginal Human Remains

Extinction presents as a narrative thread in the collecting of Australian Aboriginal human remains in Britain and Australia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Examples of this narrative are in the correspondence, research and the cataloguing methodologies of private individuals and their interaction with collecting institutions. This article focuses on three case studies that present three different private collecting profiles and intellectual environment interactions: Joseph Barnard Davis (1801–1881), Frederic William Lucas (1842–1932), and William Colin MacKenzie (1877–1938). All three have collections held by major collecting institutions in either Australia or England. These separate and diverse individuals are an important conduit to understanding why the application of the extinction narrative was a factor in transforming Australian Aboriginal human remains into prized specimens, sought by private individuals and public collecting institutions.

The organics revolution: new narratives and how we can achieve them

ABSTRACT Organic remains from excavated sites include a wide range of materials, from distinct organisms (‘ecofacts’) to biomolecules. Biomolecules provide a variety of new research avenues, while ecofacts with longer histories of study are now being re-harnessed in unexpected ways. These resources are unlocking research potential, transcending what was previously imagined possible. However, this ‘organics revolution’ comes with a salutary corollary: our approaches to recovering and curating organics, and making accessible research data, are not developing as quickly as we need. In this paper, we review retention guidelines for institutions in Britain and Ireland, setting this against the backdrop of a ‘curation crisis’ that is affecting museums throughout Europe, and beyond. We suggest key themes, including the state of existing documentation and considerations of intrinsic and allied research potential, that should be used to open a discussion about the development of more comprehensive and standardised approaches to archiving in the future. Engaging in this conversation is the only way that we can hope to ensure the long-term retention and preservation of organics, while safeguarding associated research data. These changes are needed to ensure future global research collaborations across the academic, curatorial and professional archaeological sectors.

Successes and Challenges of Implementing Tobacco Dependency Treatment in Health Care Institutions in England.

There is a significant body of evidence that delivering tobacco dependency treatment within acute care hospitals can deliver high rates of tobacco abstinence and substantial benefits for both patients and the healthcare system. This evidence has driven a renewed investment in the UK healthcare service to ensure all patients admitted to hospital are provided with evidence-based interventions during admission and after discharge. An early-implementer of this new wave of hospital-based tobacco dependency treatment services is “the CURE project” in Greater Manchester, a region in the North West of England. The CURE project strives to change the culture of a hospital system, to medicalise tobacco dependency and empower front-line hospital staff to deliver an admission bundle of care, including identification of patients that smoke, provision of very brief advice (VBA), protocolised prescription of pharmacotherapy, and opt-out referral to the specialist CURE practitioners. This specialist team provides expert treatment and behaviour change support during the hospital admission and can agree a support package after discharge, with either hospital-led or community-led follow-up. The programme has shown exceptional clinical effectiveness, with 22% of all smokers admitted to hospital abstinent from tobacco at 12 weeks, and exceptional cost-effectiveness with a public value return on investment ratio of GBP 30.49 per GBP 1 invested and a cost per QALY of GBP 487. There have been many challenges in implementing this service, underpinned by the system-wide culture change and ensuring the good communication and engagement of all stakeholders across the complex networks of the tobacco control and healthcare system. The delivery of hospital-based tobacco dependency services across all NHS acute care hospitals represents a substantial step forward in the fight against the tobacco epidemic.

The Environmental Footprint of Neurosurgery Operations: An Assessment of Waste Streams and the Carbon Footprint.

Healthcare in England generates 24.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e), equating to approximately 4% of the total national output of greenhouse gases (GHG), and of this, 10% is from the manufacturing of medical equipment. Operating theatres are a major contributor of biomedical waste, especially consumables, and are three-to-six times more energy intensive than the rest of the hospital. This study seeks to quantify and evaluate the carbon cost, or footprint, of neurosurgery at a single institution in England. A single neurosurgical operation generates, on average, 8.91 kg of waste per case, equivalent to 24.5 CO2e kg per case, mostly from single-use equipment. Per annum, 1300 neurosurgical operative cases are performed with total waste generation of 11,584.4 kg/year and a carbon footprint of 31,859 (kg) CO2e. The challenge of achieving net zero GHG presents an opportunity to catalyse innovation and sustainability in neurosurgery, from how care is delivered, through to equipment use and surgical methodologies. This should improve the quality of healthcare provision to patients and yield potential cost savings.

Добросовестность субъекта предпринимательской деятельности при заверении об обстоятельствах

Introduction: recently, the institution of representations has been reflected in civil legislation. The scientific and legislative classification of integrity into objective and subjective has important theoretical and practical significance. This gives reason to think about the impact of subjective and objective integrity in the context of the application of Part 4 of Article 431.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the responsibility of a business entity. The essence and necessity of the existence of the institution of representations, its historical origin are highlighted. There is a logical relationship in terms of the legal regulation of this institution in Russia and England. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibility of the impact of the integrity of the entrepreneur on the responsibility for the falsity of the representations provided. Methods: the methodology of the paper is formed by the methods of scientific cognition: formal-legal, comparative-legal, analytical. Results: when applying Part 4 of Article 431.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, legal situations may arise in which a business entity will be partially bona fide. However, this circumstance does not affect the liability. Subjective integrity will not be a circumstance excluding and limiting liability measures. This provision does not meet the requirements of fairness and reasonableness of private law. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the level of effectiveness of private law norms. Conclusions: based on the long-term existence and functioning of the institution of representations in England, a possible way to solve this problem is proposed by partially reforming this legal norm. Such a solution will correspond to the goals of the existence of private law.

Clinical Teaching Fellows, the new norm?-Experiences of fellows and education faculty.

BackgroundIn the United Kingdom, there is an increasing tendency for doctors in the first 2 years after graduation, to step off the training pathway and take up Clinical Teaching Fellow (CTF) positions. We aimed to explore stakeholder experiences of CTF positions to inform future planning and support.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews with 10 stakeholders (five CTFs and five education faculty members) from one institution in England were conducted. Interviews explored the participants' views of the CTF position, its benefits and challenges. Inductive thematic analysis was performed.ResultsCTFs and education faculty views strongly aligned and three themes were identified. These were (1) developing a career, (2) developing confidence and competence as a clinical teacher and (3) developing a position that works for all. Participants reported that the CTF position allowed time for specialty decision making and curriculum‐vitae strengthening and provide CTFs with the opportunity to work autonomously and to establish a better work–life balance by stepping away from training pressures and focusing on other aspects of life. There were differing thoughts on how the position should be structured, although retaining a clinical role with boundaries to constrain competing responsibilities was important.ConclusionA brief hiatus in clinical training, where individuals feel supported to progress personally and professionally and to renew their energy for the next steps of clinical training, seems important. The ideologies of providing the CTFs with autonomy, time to explore options, recharge and form connections with colleagues should be considered when structuring the posts.

The Role of Comparative Public Administration in the Development of Public Institutions: The Nigerian and Britain Example

Comparative Public Administration and Public Administration are identified as branches of Political Science. While public administration is more attached to the action part of government policies and Implementation, comparative public administration dwells more on research endeavors as a practical field of assessing regular patterns and differences of cross-cultural administrative structures among countries. The paper is a descriptive and comparative analysis of Nigeria and Britain Public Administration to develop critical institutions for better performances. Thus, selected institutions in Britain were made the flagship of comparison with Nigeria, to discover the pattern of similarities and differences that can help to retool Nigeria’s public institution for better effective service delivery. It was discovered that good governance and public service delivery would be unimpressive due to the weakness of Nigeria's institutions that have been perverted by corruption, selfish idiosyncrasies of leadership, ethno linguistic sentiments, and lawlessness among other challenges which are not entrenched in Britain. In solutions, concerted efforts towards building strong institutions, advocacy for due process in policy formulation and implementation, the entrenchment of patriotism in public service, and encouragement of research in Comparative Administration are recommended

Образование женщин высшего и среднего сословий в Англии XVII века

In England the traditions of female education were formed over the centuries, and have survived to the present day. First of all, many educational institutions in England adhere to the idea of separate education of boys and girls, which serves a better education, according to school leaders. The most powerful argument in favor of separate education of boys and girls remains the same as it was one or two hundred years ago – boys and girls are more focused on learning being apart from each other. In addition, boys need a competitive environment more than girls who prefer cooperation and teamwork. In the XVII century female education becomes more widespread than in previous centuries. This century is characterized by an increase in the number of women’s educational institutions, changes in the goals and contents of female education, changes in the attitude to the female education and the role of women in the family and society, which were largely influenced by historical events – the English Revolution of the 1640s, the Republic under Cromwell, the Restoration, religious persecution, the ideas of the Enlightenment. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the features of middle and upper class women education, types of women educational institutions existed in the XVII century, subjects studied there, and specifics of home education.

‘We can talk the talk, but we’re not allowed to walk the walk’: the role of equality and diversity staff in higher education institutions in England

This article draws on interviews with 41 equality and diversity staff in higher education institutions in England who were not members of the Race Equality Charter (REC). It uses the concept of Whiteness and White privilege to argue that within the framework of White normative practices, the role of equality and diversity staff are used as a smokescreen to perpetuate a system of White privilege. Higher education institutions who are not members of the REC do not invest in such initiatives to protect their own White interests. Rather, they give the appearance of addressing equalities under the guise of the Equality Act (2010). The article argues that in order for racial inequalities to be addressed, policy making such as the REC must be mandatory. Furthermore, higher education institutions must consider how they empower equality and diversity staff in order that they have the time, resources and commitment from senior managers to instigate real organisational change.

The future of the research and teaching nexus in a post-pandemic world

ABSTRACT Vaccines and treatments produced during the global coronavirus crisis demonstrated the importance of university research and teaching. There was widespread celebration of university–industry partnerships and collaborations across disciplines and geographical locations. However, simultaneously, higher education institutions in England faced serious financial and organisational challenges throughout the pandemic, which has implications for the relationship between teaching and research, for who undertakes each, and for the students’ experience of teaching and learning (some of whom become the next generation of researchers). The rapid movement to online learning created further tensions within an already demoralised, precarious and divided workforce. This paper considers the potential social good of universities’ two core missions, research and teaching in a post-pandemic world, exploring the inherently political nature of the link, as well as its encoded inequalities and dysfunctions. Drawing on documentary and secondary data analysis, this paper explores, first, the long-standing sectoral and institutional discrepancies through analysing trends in student recruitment rates and research funding. Second, it investigates how student and staff experiences of the link between research and teaching were changing in the pandemic, pointing to substantive equity issues in how the pandemic response affected access to research opportunities and to research-led teaching. The paper argues that a more equitable and inclusive university that appreciates the research-teaching nexus and is flexible and collaborative in nature is key to contribute to tackling global and local challenges, such as environmental destruction, climate change, conflict and socio-economic inequities.

The development of Western European military affairs as a factor in the transformation of political institutions in England 1485-1547

The development of Western European military affairs as a factor in the transformation of political institutions in England 1485-1547

The Vaccine Skeptics of 1721

The Vaccine Skeptics of 1721

Training and the future delivery of UK paediatric surgery in the NHS

Paediatric surgery is a highly specialised surgical field requiring expertise in caring for children with common and rare conditions. The creation of 26 UK paediatric surgery centres has occurred over...

Value and sustainability in technology-enabled care services: a case study from north-east England

IMPACT A critical barrier to the large-scale adoption of technology-enabled care services (TECS) remains a lack of evidence around their business cases that would create sufficient value for the stakeholders involved. Drawing on a case study of telecare service delivery, involving public funding and institutions in north east England, the authors highlight the opportunities that technology provides, as well as a series of challenges that need to be addressed. The findings will be particularly helpful for telecare stakeholders, shaping how services are provided.

Exploring pain characteristics in nulliparous women; A precursor to developing support for women in the latent phase of labour

BackgroundAdmission to hospital in the latent phase of labour is associated with a cascade of unnecessary intervention. Women who seek early hospital admission may have heightened fear and anxiety in relation to pain routed in their pre-pregnancy experiences. ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of pain catastrophising in a healthy non-pregnant population and explore previous pain experiences and fear of childbirth as characteristics that might predict pain catastrophising. DesignProspective observational study across two higher education institutions in Scotland and England using a semi-structured survey administered through Bristol Online Surveys. Four validated questionnaires were used to identify the prevalence of pain catastrophising and fear of childbirth in nulliparous women of reproductive age. ResultsThe survey was completed by 122 women undertaking an undergraduate degree and aged between 18 and 23 years. A high prevalence of pain catastrophising was found: a cut-off score of 20 and above = 47.5% (58/122 participants), a cut-off score of 30 and above = 21.3% (26/122). Fear of pain (β = 0.14, t = 4.21, p <0 .001) and pain-related anxiety (β = 0.40, t = 11.39, p <0 .001) were significant predictors of pain catastrophisation. However, there was no correlation between fear of childbirth and pain catastrophisation. Conclusions and implications for practiceIt is reasonable to hypothesise that the pain catastrophising scale may be a good tool to predict those women likely to require additional support in the latent phase of labour; however further work is needed to explore this with a group of pregnant women.