Production Engineering Research Articles

Tissue Engineering for Cardiovascular Regeneration: Brief Review on Scaffold Fabrication

Tissue engineering is the combination of engineering and fundamental sciences to develop an artificial organ that derived from the tissue human sources. It involves the construction of three main pillars include cell sources, scaffold materials and biological factors. These three important elements are necessary to be incorporated and integrated well, to construct a functional artificial tissue engineering product. Few applications can be associated with the expansion of tissue engineering where cardiovascular regeneration is one of the targets of tissue engineering. Among the fabrication techniques, electrospinning, three-dimensional printing, molding and decellularization, are four engineering methods that are commonly used in fabricating scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering. One of the purposes of the emerging of cardiovascular tissue engineering is the limitation of current commercialized patches or membranes that often cause post-complications following the cardiovascular treatments. This review paper covering a brief introduction on the tissue engineering for cardiovascular regeneration, focusing on the scaffold fabrication.

Application of Composite Bars in Wooden, Full-Scale, Innovative Engineering Products-Experimental and Numerical Study.

The commercialization of modular timber products as cost-effective and lightweight components has resulted in innovative engineering products, e.g., glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, I-beams, cross-laminated timber and solid timber joined with wedge joints. With the passage of time, timber structures can deteriorate, or new structural elements are required to increase the stiffness or load-bearing capacity in newly built structures, e.g., lintels over large-scale glazing or garages, or to reduce cross-sectional dimensions or save costly timber material while still achieving low weight. It is in such cases that repair or correct reinforcement is required. In this experimental and numerical study, the static performance of flexural timber beams reinforced with prestressed basalt BFRP, glass GFRP and hybrid glass-basalt fiber bars is shown. The experimental tests resulted in an increase in the load-carrying capacity of BFRP (44%), GFRP (33%) and hybrid bars (43%) and an increase in the stiffness of BFRP (28%), GFRP (24%) and hybrid bars (25%). In addition to this, glued laminated timber beams reinforced with prestressed basalt rods subjected to biological degradation, 7 years of weathering and prolonged exposure to various environmental conditions were examined, and an increase in the load-bearing capacity of 27% and an increase in stiffness of 28% were obtained. In addition, full-size laminated timber beams reinforced with prestressed basalt bars were investigated in the field as an exploratory test under fire conditions at elevated temperatures, and the effect of the physical-mechanical properties during the fire was examined via an analysis of these properties after the fire. In addition, a satisfactory correlation of the numerical simulations with the experimental studies was obtained. The differences were between 1.1% and 5.5%. The concordance was due to the fact that, in this study, the Young, Poisson and shear moduli were determined for all quality classes of sawn timber. Only a significant difference resulted in the numerical analysis for the beams exposed to fire under fire conditions. The experimental, theoretical and numerical analyses in this research were exploratory and will be expanded as directions for future research.

Polymer-clay nanofibrous wound dressing materials containing different boron compounds

BackgroundMontmorillonite (MMT) is a biocompatible nanoclay and its incorporation into polymeric matrix not only improves the polymer’s wettability/biodegradability, but also enhances cellular proliferation, and differentiation. On the other hand, the positive effect of boron (B) on the healing cascade and its antibacterial properties have drawn the attention of researchers. Materials & methodsIn this regard, B compounds in different chemical structures, boron nitride (BN), zinc borate (ZB), and phenylboronic acid (PBA), were adsorbed onto MMT and then, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) based MMT/B including micron/submicron fibers were fabricated by electrospinning. ResultsThe incorporation of MMT nanoparticles into the PLA demonstrated a porous fiber topography with enhanced thermal properties, water uptake capacity, and antibacterial effect. Furthermore, the composites including BN, ZB, and PBA showed bacteriostatic effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). In-vitro cell culture studies performed with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) indicated the non-toxic effect of B compounds. The results showed that incorporation of MMT supported cell adhesion and proliferation, and further addition of B compounds especially PBA increased cell viability for 14 days. ConclusionThe results illustrated the acceptable characteristics of the B-containing composites and their favorable effect on the cells, demonstrating their potential as a skin tissue engineering product.

Metabolic engineering of erythritol production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica

Metabolic engineering of erythritol production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica

Circular RNA engineering for the secretory production of long repetitive peptide materials

Circular RNA engineering for the secretory production of long repetitive peptide materials

Construct a Geomechanical Model to Estimate the Critical Drawdown Pressure for the Sandstone Reservoirs

Abstract The petroleum industry is becoming more concerned about sand production because of the mounting difficulties it causes, along with the accompanying technological and operational obstacles. In this study, a field case in the south of Iraq was carried out to analyze the potential of sanding and rock collapse. This investigation has focused on the upper and lower sand layers, which are sandstone reservoirs within this field. To achieve the purpose of this study, a One-Dimensional Geomechanical Model was established along the area of interest. The critical drawdown pressure (CDDP) at which the well may be produced without experiencing shear failure or sanding was then determined at various depletion rates. The results indicated that as the rocks strength increases, so does depletion and the quantity of sand-free drawdown. Because the upper sand unit has a higher critical bottom-hole flowing pressure (Pcw), it is possible that it will begin producing sand before the lower unit. Sanding becomes more likely with each drawdown when the reservoir pressure reaches approximately 2400 psi. Finally, this research may be used as a predictor of the likelihood of sanding over the well’s productive life and as a guide for production engineers seeking to achieve optimal completion performance.

Group technology in flexible manufacturing

Current engineering production is characterised by rapid changes. These changes arise due to the shortening of product life cycles. Manufacturers are forced to introduce upgraded products at shorter intervals based on customer requirements. In this paper, we focus on the possibilities of production upgrading by using a group technology in the flexible manufacturing system. The production capabilities of one of the production machines in the manufacturing system will be analysed. This production machine is a lathe that produces one of the essential parts of a finished product. Determine what variations of this part can be produced without changing the physical configuration of the machine.

Importance of engineering technologists in the development of the country’s industrial potential

The role of mechanical engineering technologists in the design and technological preparation of production and the manufacture of mechanical engineering products is considered. The insufficient use of the technological potential of the industry by enterprises is shown. Examples of new technological developments are given. Keywords:mechanical engineering, technology, industry, serial production, productivity, cost, technological equipment, economics naukatm@yandex.ru, dipetreshin@yandex.ru

Systems Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the High-Level Production of (2S)-Eriodictyol.

(2S)-eriodictyol (ERD) is a flavonoid widely found in citrus fruits, vegetables, and important medicinal plants with neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity effects. However, the microbial synthesis of ERD is limited by complex metabolic pathways and often results in a low production performance. Here, we engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae by fine-tuning the metabolism of the ERD synthesis pathway. The results showed that the ERD titer was effectively increased, and the intermediate metabolites levels were reduced. First, we successfully reconstructed the de novo synthesis pathway of p-coumaric acid in S. cerevisiae and fine-tuned the metabolic pathway using promoter engineering and terminator engineering for the high-level production of (2S)-naringenin. Subsequently, the synthesis of ERD was achieved by introducing the ThF3'H gene from Tricyrtis hirta. Finally, by multiplying the copy number of the ThF3'H gene, the production of ERD was further increased, reaching 132.08 mg L-1. Our work emphasizes the importance of regulating the metabolic balance to produce natural products in microbial cell factories.

An efficient algorithm for areal morphological filter

This article discusses morphological filtering for assessing a areal parameters of a texture of engineering products. A data organization structure has been proposed that makes it possible to increase the efficiency of an iterative algorithm for enumerating a surface coordinates. Morphological filters complement the standard Gaussian filter to evaluate the functional properties of a surface. The widespread use of the areal morphological filtering in metrological practice is currently hampered by the lack of an effective algorithm. An algorithm based on a matrix representation of morphological operations on the surface coordinates is presented. For this purpose, different indexing of points on a primary surface and a structuring element has been introduced. A sphere or flat segment is used as the structuring element. The high performance of the developed algorithm is ensured due to the fact that all calculations are carried out by enumerating the surface coordinates in one pass, without nested loops, as in some other algorithms. Algorithms for morphological operations of dilation and erosion are presented, on the basis of which a closing and opening filters are constructed. Simulations carried out for various data sets and comparison with known morphological filtering algorithms confirmed the high efficiency of the designed algorithm. The results obtained can be used to analyze the functional properties of product surfaces.

Research on Customer Requirement Prioritization of Engineering Products Based on Group Multi-Granularity Linguistic Information

Considering the ambiguity and uncertainty of information in the construction of an engineering product qualityhouse, a method of determining customer requirements priority based on group multi-granularity linguistic information isproposed. This method starts with experts giving subjective decision information on customer requirements. Secondly, thepriority of each demand can be obtained through consistency transformation and sequential optimization technology of theapproximate ideal scheme. The effectiveness and practicability of the method is proven with an application example.

Enhancing Engineering Product Design Using a Knowledge-based Game Engine Platform

Enhancing Engineering Product Design Using a Knowledge-based Game Engine Platform

Applications of solar thermal radiation in a bio‐convective Eyring–Powell hybrid nanofluid flow under the influence of electro‐magnetohydrodynamics near a stagnation point: An irreversibility study

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Eyring–Powell hybrid Nanofluid flowing through a stretching surface, with the effects of copper , aluminum oxide nanoparticles and gyrotactic motile microorganism with polyvinyl alcohol‐water as a base fluid. Heat transfer, joule heating, solar radiation, mass transmission, and entropy generation effects are analyzed on the fluid flow. A numerical model with an analytical methodology for the description of fluid flow and thermal properties of a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) installed on a solar plate is underway as the use of solar plates in many devices going to expand. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity transformations. The higher‐order ODEs are then solved using the analytical scheme known as the homotopy analysis method (HAM) in MATHEMATICA. The effects of different parameters such as magnetic field, electric field, Prandtl number, Eckert number, bioconvection diffusion, Lewis number, chemical reaction parameter, bioconvection, and Grashof number are analyzed with flow characteristics graphically. The velocity of the fluid shows a decrement due to the radiation parameter, Grashof number, and Solutal Grashof number. Thermodynamic properties of the fluid are enhanced with the Prandtl number, Eckert number, and electric and magnetic field. The entropy of the fluid increases with the Prandtl number, Eckert number, and diffusion parameter. Bejan number rises due to diffusion and bioconvection diffusion parameters. The study is about the mathematical analysis of Eyring Powell fluid flowing through a PTSC with the addition of a motile microorganism. PTSC are a main source of energy production for many sectors. Nanoparticles of copper and aluminum oxide are mixed to raise the thermal properties of the fluid used for electricity production engines, solar energy systems, cooling devices. Solar radiation effect, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation are analyzed for the energy production devices.

Optimisation of bipolar plate through computational fluid dynamic simulation and modelling using nickle open pore cellular foam material

Bipolar plates remain one of the key components in PEM fuel cells. It serves as the medium (Channel) in which the reactive substances (Hydrogen and oxygen/air) finally converge on the catalyst layer where the electrochemical reaction leading to the release of electron (electricity) occurs. Its optimization would eventually have an immense impact on the performance of the fuel cell. Simulation and modelling is a key tool in the engineering industry as it saves engineers time and money before the manufacturing of any engineering product. It helps manufacturers have firsthand information about the design feasibility before the manufacturing process in a workshop.This paper reports the modelling and simulation of the bipolar plate in fuel cell using nickel Open Pore Cellular Foam material through computational fluid dynamics software (Ansys CFX). The modelled bipolar plate was validated through design of experiments (DOE) in Ansys and compared with other flow plate design (serpentine) in the fuel cell industry.

The role of artificial intelligence and financial engineering for listed service companies in Nigeria

This study examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial engineering of listed service companies in Nigeria. The study used a survey field alongside secondary data from the financial statements of the service companies listed in the Nigerian Exchange Group. Self-structured questionnaires were administered through online platforms. The respondents were drawn from the staff of the service companies having access to AI and among the strata of practicing auditors and accountants with a clear understanding and good knowledge of AI applications and capabilities in solving financial engineering-related issues. The study utilized 487 validated responses in total. The Cronbach Alpha test was performed to confirm the validity and reliability of the instrument. Using the Statistical Program for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the obtained data. The results demonstrated that AI had a significant effect on product engineering and process engineering. Also, AI had a significant effect on financial solution engineering and, lastly, on human efficiency and productivity engineering in listed service companies in Nigeria. Managers can use the research findings to brace AI in business transactions to provide creative financial solutions, increased productivity, and increased competitiveness in the sector of digital service delivery.

Optimizing the Use of Sealant Material Type 5977 for Car Engine Production at PT X Using the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) Method

Business development in the world causes companies to be able to compete, especially in the field of automotive manufacturing so that companies must have a strategy. This study aims to identify, analyze, and evaluate the use of sealant type 5977 in automotive manufacturing companies to optimize the use of sealant material type 5977 at PT X to remain competitive in local and global markets. This research uses the Deming Cycle Method or PDCA Cycle and the tools used in this research are Checksheets obtained from data for the last 3 months. From the results of this study it can be seen that by optimizing the use of sealant type 5977 for engine production, the results are very good, for 3 months no defects were found or defects that could affect the quality of the engines produced and with the application of cost reduction it is good for the company to reduce its production costs. Based on these results the company can still compete competitively in local and global markets with more efficient costs, the costs incurred before the improvement of Rp 199,000 or 100 engine units to Rp 39,000 or 20 engine units in one month, which saves Rp 160,000 every month or Rp 1,920,000 per year.

Cr/CrN coating effect on the fatigue crack nucleation period of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is applied in the production of jet engines and other aeronautical components. The Cr/CrN multilayer coating improves the wear, corrosion and oxidation properties of titanium alloys. However, the influence of hard coatings on fatigue properties needs to be investigated to ensure structural integrity. The present work aims to estimate the fatigue crack nucleation and propagation periods of a Cr/CrN coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy at high-stress and low-stress levels. The material used in this work was the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with an equiaxed microstructure and a yield strength of 1000 MPa. The coating was deposited through the DC sputtering method with 8 bilayers of chromium (Cr) and chromium nitride (CrN), achieving 16 layers and a total thickness of about 5 micrometers. Axial fatigue tests were performed at room temperature for the uncoated and coated titanium alloy. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the fracture surfaces showed that the cracks nucleated at the coating and propagated without deflections to the substrate. The Paris law was applied to estimate the fatigue crack propagation period of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate, considering an initial crack with the size of the coating thickness. The results showed that the crack propagation period for the coated samples represented more than 90% of the fatigue life at the high-stress level of 1000 MPa, while it accounts only for about 1% of the fatigue life at the low-stress level of 700 MPa. The fatigue life debit of the Cr/CrN coated material with 8 bilayers and 5 micrometers can be attributed to the significant crack nucleation period reduction due to the brittle layers of CrN compared to the uncoated Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The detrimental coating effect was more substantial at the high-cycle fatigue regime when the crack nucleation period accounts for the majority of the fatigue life.

Microbial host engineering for sustainable isobutanol production from renewable resources.

Due to the limited resources and environmental problems associated with fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in utilizing renewable resources for the production of biofuels through microbial fermentation. Isobutanol is a promising biofuel that could potentially replace gasoline. However, its production efficiency is currently limited by the use of naturally isolated microorganisms. These naturally isolated microorganisms often encounter problems such as a limited range of substrates, low tolerance to solvents or inhibitors, feedback inhibition, and an imbalanced redox state. This makes it difficult to improve their production efficiency through traditional process optimization methods. Fortunately, recent advancements in genetic engineering technologies have made it possible to enhance microbial hosts for the increased production of isobutanol from renewable resources. This review provides a summary of the strategies and synthetic biology approaches that have been employed in the past few years to improve naturally isolated or non-natural microbial hosts for the enhanced production of isobutanol by utilizing different renewable resources. Furthermore, it also discusses the challenges that are faced by engineered microbial hosts and presents future perspectives to enhancing isobutanol production. KEY POINTS: • Promising potential of isobutanol to replace gasoline • Engineering of native and non-native microbial host for isobutanol production • Challenges and opportunities for enhanced isobutanol production.

A review of microbial fuel cell and its diversification in the development of green energy technology

The advancement of microbial fuel cell technology is rapidly growing, with extensive research and well-established methodologies for enhancing structural performance. This terminology attracts researchers to compare the MFC devices on a technological basis. The architectural and scientific successes of MFCs are only possible with the knowledge of engineering and technical fields. This involves the structure of MFCs, using substrates and architectural backbones regarding electrode advancement, separators and system parameter measures. Knowing about the MFCs facilitates the systematic knowledge of engineering and scientific principles. The current situation of rapid urbanization and industrial growth is demanding the augmented engineering goods and production which results in unsolicited burden on traditional wastewater treatment plants. Consequently, posing health hazards and disturbing aquatic veracity due to partial and untreated wastewater. Therefore, it's sensible to evaluate the performance of MFCs as an unconventional treatment method over conventional one to treat the wastewater. However, MFCs some benefits like power generation, stumpy carbon emission and wastewater treatment are the main reasons behind the implementation. Nonetheless, few challenges like low power generation, scaling up are still the major areas needs to be focused so as to make MFCs sustainable one. We have focused on few archetypes which majorities have been laboratory scale in operations. To ensure the efficiency MFCs are needed to integrate and compatible with conventional wastewater treatment schemes. This review intended to explore the diversification in architecture of MFCs, exploration of MFCs ingredients and to provide the foreseen platform for the researchers in one source, so as to establish the channel for scaling up the technology. Further, the present review show that the MFC with different polymer membranes and cathode and anode modification presents significant role for potential commercial applications after change the system form prototype to pilot scale.

AutoML Applied to Time Series Analysis Tasks in Production Engineering

This paper demonstrates the application of a fully automated machine learning (ML) pipeline on time series data from the domain of production engineering. The workflow aims to streamline the machine learning (ML) process and reduce manual effort by incorporating automated machine learning (AutoML) and automated featurization techniques. A comparative study is created to evaluate the proposed workflow against existing state-of-the-art methods using six datasets from production engineering, five widely used ones and a newly presented one. The study compares the performance of the automated workflow with the manual data mining process described in the literature. The results lead to two main conclusions: first, an automated featurization process cannot match the performance of manual feature generation, but still delivers good results without requiring manual work. Second, if the manually generated features are used, AutoML can outperform the manual process in solving the combined problem of algorithm selection and hyperparameter optimization, leading to better prediction results. The presented approach serves as a useful reference for other methods, showing the practicality of baseline workflow without human bias. Overall, the proposed data processing pipeline demonstrates the potential of AutoML in production engineering and provides valuable insights for practitioners in this domain.