Network Engineering Research Articles

Application of 3D Virtual Digital Visualization Technology in the Simulation and Modeling of Cross-Sea Network Engineering

This paper analyzes the importance of cross-sea interconnection projects and delves into the application of 3D virtual digital visualization technology in the simulation of these projects. The system employs OpenGL technology to render 3D images and supports environmental configuration through dynamic link libraries. The internal design of the system is clear, featuring functionalities such as multi-scene dynamic focusing, multi-data port linkage, BIM information display, event tracing, and process simulation. Compared with traditional construction techniques, 3D virtual visualization technology exhibits significant advantages in graphic rendering, scheme selection, collaboration, and construction methods. The research presented in this paper provides valuable references for optimizing cross-sea interconnection projects and other major infrastructure constructions, demonstrating the immense potential of 3D virtual visualization technology in enhancing construction efficiency and reliability.

Comparative Assessment of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Hydrologic Engineering Centre-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) for Runoff Modelling

Comparative Assessment of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Hydrologic Engineering Centre-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) for Runoff Modelling

Packing Engineering of Zirconium Metal-Organic Cages in Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation.

Metal-organic cages (MOCs) have been considered as emerging zero-dimensional (0D) porous fillers to generate molecularly homogeneous MOC-based membrane materials. However, the discontinuous pore connectivity and low filler concentrations limit the improvement of membrane separation performance. Herein, we propose the dimension augmentation of MOCs in membranes using three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular MOC networks as filler materials in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). We further explore the packing engineering of MOC networks to produce distinct polymorphs (α and β phases) for tailoring membrane performance. Synchrotron X-ray absorption and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy were employed to differentiate distinct MOC polymorphous networks within membranes. Gas permeation tests revealed that the corresponding MMMs showed superior CO2/CH4 separation performance, exceeding the Robeson upper bound. Our proposed approach is expected to enrich the repertoire of reticular chemistry pertaining to molecular-based networks.

Packing Engineering of Zirconium Metal‐Organic Cages in Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation

AbstractMetal‐organic cages (MOCs) have been considered as emerging zero‐dimensional (0D) porous fillers to generate molecularly homogeneous MOC‐based membrane materials. However, the discontinuous pore connectivity and low filler concentrations limit the improvement of membrane separation performance. Herein, we propose the dimension augmentation of MOCs in membranes using three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular MOC networks as filler materials in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). We further explore the packing engineering of MOC networks to produce distinct polymorphs (α and β phases) for tailoring membrane performance. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy were employed to differentiate distinct MOC polymorphous networks within membranes. Gas permeation tests revealed that the corresponding MMMs showed superior CO2/CH4 separation performance, exceeding the Robeson upper bound. Our proposed approach is expected to enrich the repertoire of reticular chemistry pertaining to molecular‐based networks.

Brief Review of Using Machine Learning for Traffic Engineering in Software-Defined Networks

Brief Review of Using Machine Learning for Traffic Engineering in Software-Defined Networks

Network Digital Twin Towards Networking, Telecommunications, and Traffic Engineering: A Survey

Network Digital Twin Towards Networking, Telecommunications, and Traffic Engineering: A Survey

PEDOTs-Based Conductive Hydrogels: Design, Fabrications, and Applications.

Conductive hydrogels combine the benefits of soft hydrogels with electrical conductivity and have gained significant attention over the past decade. These innovative materials, including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOTs)-based conductive hydrogels (P-CHs), are promising for flexible electronics and biological applications due to their tunable flexibility, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. Despite the recent advances, the intrinsic correlation between the design, fabrications, and applications of P-CHs has been mostly based on trial-and-error-based Edisonian approaches, significantly limiting their further development. This review comprehensively examines the design strategies, fabrication technologies, and diverse applications of P-CHs. By summarizing design strategies, such as molecular, network, phase, and structural engineering, and exploring both 2D and 3D fabrication techniques, this review offers a comprehensive overview of P-CHs applications in diverse fields including bioelectronics, soft actuators, energy devices, and solar evaporators. Establishing this critical internal connection between design, fabrication, and application aims to guide future research and stimulate innovation in the field of functional P-CHs, offering broad benefits to multidisciplinary researchers.

Current challenges in multilayer network engineering

Multilayer networks (MLNs) have become a popular choice to model complex systems. However, current MLN engineering solutions, that is, systems and methods to store, manipulate, and support the analysis of MLNs, are challenged by the size and complexity of contemporary sources of network data. We assess the maturity level of the MLN engineering ecosystem through an analysis of software libraries for MLNs, focusing on supported functionality, operators and their scalability. Based on this analysis, we provide an overview of the current status of the MLN engineering landscape, compile a list of current limitations to be addressed and propose future developments for more effective and broadly applicable MLN engineering solutions.

Evolving from Legacy Protocols: Transitioning from RIP and EIGRP to OSPF, IS-IS and BGP

With the advent of the internet and growing complexity in the networking environment, old protocols like Routing Information Protocol (RIP) or Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) pose significant bottlenecks for modern businesses and service providers. This paper provides an overview on the evolution of RIP and EIGRP, its limitations as Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs), the benefits of moving to newer and more powerful protocols such as Open Shortest path First (OSPF), Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The paper further dives deep into migration strategies from legacy protocols to OSPF or ISIS. OSPF and IS-IS are considered the best enterprise routing solutions and service provider routing solutions respectively due to their scalability, performance and flexibility. In addition, it highlights the importance of BGP as an external gateway protocol to control routing across autonomous systems. The findings aims to aid network engineers in making educated decisions on protocol implementation and migration efforts. Keywords— RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, Migration Strategies, Convergence time, Scalability.

Pengembangan Keterampilan Las Listrik SMAW Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Di Workshop Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya

This study aims to achieve several results that contribute to improving the community's ability regarding welding techniques that are currently in great demand by various industries. The method used is a qualitative method with observation used to understand in depth how SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) electric welding skills are developed in vocational high school students. The sample in this study was the Community Service Activity Implementation Team for the Development of SMAW Electric Welding Skills for Vocational High School (SMK) Students at the Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic Workshop in the 2024 Fiscal Year consisting of 16 people, the results of the study showed that the Development of SMAW Electric Welding Skills has improved the abilities of students of SMK Penerbangan AAG Yogyakarta, SMK Penerbangan Angkasa Lanud Iswahjudi Magetan, SMK Penerbangan Angkasa Malang, even providing new experiences for students from the Computer and Network Engineering department. Based on the results of the activity, the participants showed significant progress in knowledge and skills. Increasing knowledge and skills through the approach of educational materials and technical training provided, participants in this activity have learned the benefits, placement, procedures and how to use SMAW Electric welding correctly and safely. Almost all participants of this activity agreed that SMAW Electric Welding can help improve skills both in education and industry. Empowerment of Aviation Vocational School students in developing SMAW Electric Welding skills is expected to be applied in various industrial fields by providing several examples of how to use SMAW Electric Welding.

Simulation of Fidelity in Entanglement-Based Networks with Repeater Chains

We implement a set of simulation experiments in NetSquid specifically designed to estimate the end-to-end fidelity across a path of quantum repeaters or quantum switches. The switch model includes several generalizations that are not currently available in other tools and are useful for gaining insight into practical and realistic quantum network engineering problems: an arbitrary number of memory registers at the switches, simplicity in including entanglement distillation mechanisms, arbitrary switching topologies, and routing protocols. An illustrative case study is presented, namely a comparison in terms of performance between a repeater chain where repeaters can only swap sequentially and a single switch equipped with multiple memory registers that is able to handle multiple swapping requests.

The Influence of Problem-Solving Skills and Self-Efficacy on Learning Outcomes in Skills Concentration Subjects

This research is quantitative and aims to determine the impact of problem-solving skills and student self-efficacy on academic performance across various skill concentrations at SMK Negeri 1 Semen, Kediri Regency. The study focused on the subjects of Accounting (AKL), motorcycle engineering and business (TBSM), automotive light vehicle engineering (TKRO), and computer and network engineering (TKJ). Data collection involved questionnaires for assessing problem-solving skills and self-efficacy, while academic performance was measured through tests. The study included 185 students from all specialization concentrations at SMK Negeri 1 Semen, Kediri Regency. Data analysis utilized t-tests (partial test), f-tests (simultaneous test), and r2-tests or coefficient of determination tests. The research findings indicated that the significance level of the partial test for problem-solving skills was .002 < .050 and for self-efficacy was .003 < .050. The f-test revealed a significance value of .000 < .050. The results suggest that problem solving skills and self-efficacy significantly impact student academic performance across all skill concentrations, both individually and collectively.

Metal-free heteroatom integrated defect engineering of flexible carbon networks on tin oxide nanoparticles to enhance lithium-ion battery performance

Metal-free heteroatom integrated defect engineering of flexible carbon networks on tin oxide nanoparticles to enhance lithium-ion battery performance

Development of Teaching Modules in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum to Improve the Quality of the Learning Process and Student Learning Outcomes

This research aims to describe and explain the characteristics, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of teaching modules in the implementation of the independent curriculum to improve the quality of the learning process and student learning outcomes. This type of research is development research to produce learning tools in the form of science project teaching modules for SMK that are valid, practical, and effective. The development model used is a 4D adaptation model, which is composed of the stages of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and test techniques. The research results show that the teaching module used had characteristics with a table format arranged based on modifications from the Ministry of Education and Culture. The teaching module was in accordance with the multimedia and computer and network engineering departments. The results of the validity test show that the summarized teaching module was classified as very valid in terms of the validity of the content, material, and language. Based on teacher assessment, the teaching module was classified as very practical. The results of the effectiveness test show that the teaching module was effective in improving the quality of the learning process and student learning outcomes.

Building integrated assessment model for IoT technology deployment in the Industry 4.0

Internet of Things (IoT) platforms have become the building blocks of any automated system but they are more important in case of industrial systems where sensitive data are captured and handled by the information system. Therefore, it is imperative to deploy the right IoT platform to perform the computational and operational tasks in a better way. During the last few years, an array of IoT technologies/platforms with different capabilities and features were introduced in the markets. This abrupt rise created selection and decision-making issues particularly for the network engineers, designers, and industrial managers due to a lack of technical understanding and skill in this area. Therefore, we present an integrated assessment model focusing on evaluating and ranking IoT platforms in the industrial environment. It encompasses multiple methods such as the proposed model leverages a well-known data collection technique such as Delphi for data collection related to the criteria features. It adopts the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for giving weights to the criteria features. The technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method has been applied for the evaluation of the top twenty (20) Industrial IoT(IIoT) platform alternatives according to the proposed criteria. It selects the most rational choice of IoT platform that can be employed in the Industry 4.0 setting. The proposed integrated assessment model produces the most accurate and consistent outcomes. Hence, it is believed that it can be used as a guideline by different stakeholders like researchers, developers, network engineers, and policymakers for the assessment and deployment of IoT platforms in the industrial environment. It is believed that it is the first kind of multi-methods integrated assessment mode for the assessment, decision-making, and prioritization of IoT technologies in the industry 4.0 domain.

Engineering of hyperentangled complex quantum networks

Abstract We propose a novel scheme to engineer the atomic hyperentangled cluster and ring graph states invoking cavity-QED technique for applicative relevance to quantum biology and quantum communications utilizing the complex quantum networks. These states are engineered using both external quantized momenta states and energy levels of neutral atoms under off-resonant and resonant Atomic Bragg Diffraction (ABD) technique. The study of dynamical capacity and potential efficiency have certainly enhanced the range of usefulness of these states. In order to assess the operational behavior of such states when subjected to a realistic noise environment has also been simulated, demonstrating long enough sustainability of the proposed states. Moreover, experimental feasibility of the proposed scheme has also been elucidated under the prevailing cavity-QED research scenario.

In vitro vascularization improves in vivo functionality of human engineered cardiac tissues

Engineered human cardiac tissues hold great promise for disease modeling, drug development, and regenerative therapy. For regenerative applications, successful engineered tissue engraftment in vivo requires rapid vascularization and blood perfusion post-implantation. In the present study, we engineered highly functional, vascularized cardiac tissues (“cardiopatches”) by co-culturing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCCMs) and endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) in optimized serum-free media. The vascularized cardiopatches displayed stable capillary networks over 4 weeks of culture, the longest reported in the field, while maintaining high contractile stress (>15 mN/mm2) and fast conduction velocity (>20 cm/s). Robustness of the method was confirmed using two distinct hiPSC-EC sources. Upon implantation into dorsal-skinfold chambers in immunocompromised mice, in vitro vascularized cardiopatches exhibited improved angiogenesis compared to avascular implants. Significant lumenization of the engineered human vasculature and anastomosis with host mouse vessels yielded the formation of hybrid human-mouse capillaries and robust cardiopatch perfusion by blood. Moreover, compared to avascular tissues, the implanted vascularized cardiopatches exhibited significantly higher conduction velocity and Ca2+ transient amplitude, longitudinally monitored in live mice for the first time. Overall, we demonstrate successful 4-week vascularization of engineered human cardiac tissues without loss of function in vitro, which promotes tissue functionality upon implantation in vivo. Statement of SignificanceComplex interactions between cardiac muscle fibers and surrounding capillaries are critical for everyday function of the heart. Tissue engineering is a powerful method to recreate functional cardiac muscle and its vascular network, which are both lost during a heart attack. Our study demonstrates in vitro engineering of dense capillary networks within highly functional engineered heart tissues that successfully maintain the structure, electrical, and mechanical function long-term. In mice, human capillaries from these engineered tissues integrate with host mouse capillaries to allow blood perfusion and support improved implant function. In the future, the developed vascularized engineered heart tissues will be used for in vitro studies of cardiac development and disease and as a potential regenerative therapy for heart attack.

Transcriptome-wide association study discovers functional long non-coding RNAs in coronary artery disease

Abstract Genetically regulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in coronary artery disease (CAD) have not been investigated. To discover CAD-relevant lncRNAs, we performed the transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) using a subset genomic data of CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium and transcriptomic data of nine CAD-relevant tissue types from Genotyped Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task (STARNET) projects. We identified 20 lncRNAs associated with CAD in a tissue-specific fashion. The eQTL-GWAS colocalization analysis associated 15 lncRNAs with cardiometabolic traits which could bridge the lncRNA to CAD risk. The co-expression analysis identified co-expressed protein-coding genes of 16 lncRNAs and suggested their involved biological pathways. Four antisense lncRNAs from the same locus, CDH13-AS2, CDH13-AS1, CEDORA, and CTD-3253I12.1, not only shared cardiometabolic traits but also exclusively co-expressed with the host gene, CDH13. Our biological experiments using dRfxCas13d-based RNA immunoprecipitation, CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockdown, and dCas9-VP64-based transcriptional activation in endothelial cells, elucidated CDH13-AS2 as a stabilizer of CDH13 mRNA and suggested therapeutic potential of CDH13-AS2 overexpression.

The orchestration of coding and non-coding genes at the CDH13 locus in coronary artery disease

Abstract Background The CDH13 locus was associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the causal gene(s) and underlying disease mechanisms at this locus remain undetermined. Purpose We intended to pinpoint and functionally validate the causal coding and non-coding genes at the CDH13 locus and delineate the underlying mechanisms for CAD. Methods and results We conducted the transcriptome-wide association analysis (TWAS) using nine types of CAD-relevant tissues from Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task (STARNET) and Genotyped Tissue Expression (GTEx) projects and identified CDH13 (T-cadherin) and four long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes as candidate causal genes at The CDH13 locus. One of the antisense(AS) lncRNAs, CDH13-AS2, was predicted to bind on the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of CDH13 using LncRRIsearch and RNAup servers. The binding interaction was validated by dCas13-medicated RNA immunoprecipitation. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) using transcriptomic data from CAD-relevant tissues of ~600 human subjects suggested a positive expression correlation between CDH13 and CDH13-AS2 in artery tissues. CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout (KO) of CDH13 or CDH13-AS2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicated synergistically atherogenic phenotypes, including reduced proliferation and migration, and increased apoptosis and monocyte adhesion. The data matched with the downregulation of CDH13 in artery samples of atherosclerosis patients. The cellular phenotypes were also in line with our in vivo data of Cdh13 and Apoe double-KO (Cdh13-/-/Apoe-/-) mice, which showed increased aortic lesion areas when fed on a high-fat diet compared to Apoe-/- mice. Furthermore, prediction using TargetScan, miRWalk, and scanMiRApp databases identified the potential binding of several EC-expression microRNAs (mir) on 3’UTR of CDH13. Several disease-associated variants were mapped to the predicted binding sites of a few microRNAs, including mir-let7, mir-30, and mir-125. The dual luciferase-based RNA interference (RNAi) assay confirmed the binding of mir-let7 on 3’UTR of CDH13. Transcriptional activation of CDH13-AS2 by the enzymatically inactivated Cas9 (dCas9) system diminished the binding of mir-let7 and increased CDH13 expression. Conclusions At the CDH13 locus, CDH13 and CDH13-AS2 are two causal genes, whose downregulation likely contributes to CAD. CDH13-AS2 bound and stabilized CDH13 partially by preventing mir-let7 mediated degradation of CDH13 mRNA, suggesting therapeutic potentials.

Dynamic tunable nonreciprocal single-photon scattering mediated by a giant atom assisted with a time-modulated cavity.

Nonreciprocal single-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a giant two-level atom assisted with a time-modulated single-mode cavity is investigated. The analytic expressions of the single-photon scattering amplitudes are derived by using an effective Floquet Hamiltonian in real space. The scattering characteristics are discussed detail in both the Markovian and the non-Markovian regimes, and the corresponding conditions for achieving perfect nonreciprocal single-photon transmission are obtained. In the Markovian regime, a frequency-tunable single-photon diode with an ideal transmission contrast ratio can be realized by adjusting the frequency of the cavity mode, the local coupling phase difference, and the accumulated phase between the two coupling points. Furthermore, the influence of the intrinsic energy dissipations on the photon transport is discussed in detail. It is found that the dissipations of the cavity and the giant atom affect discriminatively the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering process. In the non-Markovian regime, the influence of the non-Markovian retarded effect induced by the time delay on the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering is discussed in detail. The results reveal that, although the retarded effect leads to a complex nonreciprocal scattering spectrum, dynamic tunable perfect nonreciprocal transmission with more abundant physical phenomena suitable for photons with different frequencies within a larger range can also be achieved. Such a nonreciprocal single-photon device can be used as an elementary unit for various quantum information processing and may have potential applications in quantum network engineering.