Mechanical Engineering Research Articles

The multiple, unique perspectives of mechanical engineering undergraduates about their program of study and their persistence

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to uncover and describe the multiple, divergent student viewpoints about an undergraduate mechanical engineering program at a public university in the US Midwest and their persistence in that program. This study uses Q methodology which mixes qualitative and quantitative research aspects to reveal and describe the multiple, unique viewpoints about any topic. Four unique views emerged from the study: ‘Smart, successful, but unhappy with program,’ ‘Faculty, scholarships, and co-ops are key,’ ‘Excited about engineering but discouraged by curving and grades,’ and ‘Well prepared but there’s a belonging problem.’ Consensus across these views indicates a shared desire of these students to have a successful career as a reason to choose engineering as a degree program and to persist in that program. This study demonstrates the diversity of perspectives regarding an undergraduate engineering program and has implications for all engineering undergraduate programs, regardless of their geographic location.

Modeling the aspect ratio of commercial catalysts

AbstractMathematical modeling plays a diverse and crucial role in the chemical industry and academia. This manuscript describes how the physical and mechanical engineering disciplines help the commercialization of catalysts from evaluation to scale‐up and manufacturing. Forming and shaping the catalyst is the first basic step in the catalyst manufacturing industry. Part A shows some of the classic process methods that are employed for this purpose. Catalyst extrudates require proper engineering and process control of their aspect ratio. Catalyst extrudates with a high aspect ratio tend to yield a low reactor fill due to a loose packing. Catalyst extrudates with a low aspect ratio tend to yield high pressure drop. Part B introduces the tensile strength of the catalyst in order to predict the aspect ratio of catalyst extrudates in commercial plants. A force‐balance between the tensile strength of the catalyst and the impact forces due to collision experienced during manufacture leads to the dimensionless group . The group allows to introduce and quantify the severity of equipment and the severity of entire commercial plants.

Assessing benefits of computer-based video training and tools on learning outcomes and motivation in mechanical engineering education: digitalized intervention and approach

Traditionally, laboratory work has been a common approach to facilitate the acquisition of practical skills and familiarize the undergraduate students, particularly engineering students, with specialized tools and equipment. However, the conventional in-person labs often experience challenges such as limited resources and space, instructor availability, and inflexible schedules. The emergence of digital tools and the recent COVID-19 pandemic have prompted educators to reconsider their teaching methods. To this effect, this paper introduces an innovative approach and teaching methodology to address the challenges in traditional engineering education within the laboratory. It presents a methodology that combines cost-effective instructional videos and portable kits to promote autonomous development of practical skills in undergraduate engineering students. The proposed teaching methodology was grounded on the Descriptive Decision theory and Learning-Oriented Assessment (LOA), which are theoretical framework and type of students’ learning outcome (SLO) model that studies the rationality behind the decisions that the users are disposed to make, as well as level of outcome of the students’ learning process or performance. Motivation among the students was assessed using the Model of Academic Motivation Inventory (MUSIC Inventory) to evaluate the impact of the proposed teaching method and learning intervention on the interest of the students. The method was implemented in four independent courses at two different campuses of Tecnologico de Monterrey. The results show that the proposed learning approach was effective in helping students develop hard skills with reduced instructor intervention. Moreover, high levels of motivation was reported through the MUSIC methodology and test administered to the participating students at the end of the courses. The outcome of this study can be used to inform and support the curriculum design by the educators, promote effective policy and decision making by the university leaders, and encourage wide adoption of the digitalized-education.

Double Transformation in Mechanical and Plant Engineering - Digitalization and sustainability for one-of-a-kind and small-batch manufacturers

Double Transformation in Mechanical and Plant Engineering - Digitalization and sustainability for one-of-a-kind and small-batch manufacturers

Diversity and transition of periodic motion of a periodically excited soft-impacting machinery

Dynamics of a periodically excited vibro-impact system with soft impacts is investigated. Essential features of period-one multi-impact motion group and correlated transition characteristics in low-frequency range are discussed in detail by the way of two-parameter bifurcation space providing qualitative domains for different periodic motions. The main focus is given to the effect of sensitive parameters including constraint stiffness k 0, clearance threshold b, and damping parameter ζ on the system response. The low-frequency characteristics in the finite-dimensional parameter space are particularly explored. It is found that the increase of k 0 induces multi-type bifurcation of period-one double-impact symmetrical motion, which induces a rich variety of periodic motions, and period-one multi-impact motion group orbit primarily exist in the small-clearance b and low-frequency ω zone. Based on the evolution irreversibility of adjacent period-one multi-impact orbit, the mechanism of singularies appearing in pairs and two different transition zones (hysteresis and liguliform zones) is studied, the result of which provides a theoretical reference value for the common low-frequency vibration instability phenomenon in the field of mechanical engineering. For small-damping coefficient ζ, period-one multi-impact motion has a large quantity, and the main bridge for the transition of adjacent period-one multi-impact motion is liguliform zone, which embraces period-one multi-impact asymmetrical motion and period-n multi-impact subharmonic motion and a certain chaotic zone. For large-damping coefficient ζ, the amount of period-one multi-impact motion group is reduced, and the main bridge for the transition of adjacent period-one multi-impact motion is hysteresis zone, where adjacent period-one multi-impact orbits can coexist according to initial conditions. As designing and renovating impact mechanical equipment, the reasonable matching law of dynamic parameters can be determined through two-parameter bifurcation space, which is conducive to making the system work in stable periodic motion and obtaining larger instantaneous impact velocity.

Venture Clienting in Corporate Practice: What type of Established Companies are Using the Venture Client Model?

Start-ups have become a pillar of EC' open innovation initiatives. With the aim of accessing start-up innovation, established companies (EC) use various corporate venturing modes. However, as established corporate venturing modes (e.g. corporate venture capital or accelerators) do not provide direct access to start-up innovation, the venture client model (VCLM) is receiving increasing attention in corporate practice. In the VCLM, ECs become paying customers of start-ups without taking equity - they become venture clients. In joint pilot projects, they apply start-up solutions to their products, processes or business models in order to solve relevant business problems and create strategic impact for increased competitiveness. The literature lists different EC using the VCLM such as BMW, Bosch, Continental, Daimler, Siemens, or ZF. This suggests that the VCLM is only used in EC with tens of thousands of employees, from Germany and in technology-intensive sectors such as automotive, mechanical engineering or telecommunications. On the other hand, GIMMY describes the suitability of the VCLM for any EC. However, in order to develop practical solutions to the challenges of the VCLM (e.g. slow purchasing, legal and IT processes or lack of acceptance of start-ups as collaboration partners), it is necessary to know the users (type of EC) of these solutions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to characterize the EC using the VCLM with respect to industry, size and regionality.

Komunikasi Interpersonal Dosen dan Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Vokasi di Jurusan Teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Malang

This article analyzes the strategies and models of interpersonal communication of lecturers to students at vocational colleges of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malang State Polytechnic. The results of the study show that interpersonal communication strategies are carried out with dididic and triadic models. Meanwhile, the interpersonal communication model of lecturers and students uses an interactive model, where there is interdependence and active participation between lecturers and students. Communication anxiety, both chronic (trait apprehension) and situational (state apprehension), can be an obstacle in the interaction between lecturers and students, affecting participation, presentation quality, and students' ability to convey ideas clearly and confidently.

Designing the Chemical Composition of Steel with Required Hardenability Using Computational Methods

This paper introduces an innovative approach that enables the automated and precise prediction of steel’s chemical composition based on the desired Jominy curve. The microstructure, and in fact the presence of martensite, is decisive for the hardness of the steel, so the study considered the occurrence of this phase at particular distances from the quenched end of the Jominy sample. Steels for quenching and tempering and case hardening were investigated. With the representative collected dataset of hardness values from the quenched end of the Jominy specimen, microstructure and chemical composition of steels, the complex regression model was made using supervised artificial neural networks. The balance between cost and required hardenability can be achieved through optimizing the chemical composition of steel. This model of designing steel with required hardenability can be of great benefit in the mechanical engineering and manufacturing industry. The model is verified experimentally.

Analysis of the Newest Design of Axial Piston Hydraulic Machines with Reduced Friction Losses and Leaks

Problem. Analysis of modern achievements in the field of volumetric hydraulic drives to improve the technical level of construction and road machines. Goal. Study of the design of the latest foreign development related to the improvement of the technical level of axial-piston volumetric hydraulic machines, in particular pumps and hydraulic motors according to the scheme of Innas floating cylinders. This design, according to the proposal of its inventors, is intended to work as pumps with a flow of up to 7400 l/min or hydraulic motors with a working volume of up to 5000 cm3 at a pressure of up to 50 MPa. Methodology. Analysis of the results of comparative bench tests of the Innas axial piston pump of the latest development and volumetric hydraulic machines of various designs, in particular axial and radial piston, as well as gear ones. Results. According to the results of comparative tests, the new design of the Innas axial-piston pump is significantly ahead of other serial hydraulic machines in terms of efficiency. The total efficiency value of 96 % achieved in the Innas pump shows the promise of such hydraulic machines. Originality. Analysis of the results of experimental studies with the determination of the features of the structures of hydraulic machines in terms of volumetric and hydromechanical power losses. It is concluded that Innas hydraulic motors can be used in trailing volumetric hydraulic drives with hydraulic power amplifiers, for which the characteristic of friction in the displacement mode is the main one from the point of view of the accuracy of the execution of the specified control signals. Practical value. The given materials are useful for specialists in the field of mechanical engineering, in particular, the design of volumetric hydraulic drives for construction and road machines

Structural state and physical-mechanical properties of multilayer vacuum arc Ti/TiN coating

Abstract. Problem. Increasing the resource of the cutting tools in conditions of variable load is of great importance, as it affects not only the cost of production but also the competitiveness of the enterprise. A wide range of properties of vacuum arc multilayer coatings allows them to be used in mechanical engineering to increase the performance of the tools in the variable conditions of cutting. Goal. The goal is to study the structural state and physical and mechanical properties of vacuum arc multilayer Ti/TiN coatings. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to analyze the effect of the thickness of the titanium layer and the amount of negative stress on the substrate on the structure, stress-strain state, and physical and mechanical properties of the multilayer Ti/TiN coating with relatively thick layers of titanium nitride. Methodology. Multilayer Ti/TiN coatings were obtained in the Bulat-6 vacuum-arc installation. The study of mechanical characteristics was carried out by the indentation method using the MicronGama microindenter. Structural studies of the samples were carried out on a DRON-3M diffractometer. Electron microscopic studies were performed on a JEOL JSM-840 scanning electron microscope. Originality. It was found that in titanium nitride layers with a thickness of 300 nm or more, a texture develops when a voltage is applied to the substrate. The degree of texture perfection increases with increasing layer thickness. When the thickness of the titanium layer is from 30 nm to 250 nm, the development of the stress-strain state in the titanium nitride layers takes place without significant relaxation. The mechanical properties of the Ti/TiN multilayer coating remain quite high (hardness 33.7...36.3 GPa with a modulus of elasticity 413...434 GPa) when the thickness of the titanium layer is less than 125 nm. Practical value. Increasing the crack resistance of Ti/TiN multilayer coatings due to the introduction of titanium layers makes their use promising for hard loads.

Review and analysis of software simulators for robotic information systems

The rapid development of educational technologies requires the active involvement of new means and effective teaching methods. One of the innovative tools of learning in the field of robotics is the use of robot simulators in the educational process, which open up many opportunities for better assimilation of knowledge and development of practical skills among students. Robot simulators are software complexes that allow you to visualize and simulate the behavior of real robots. With these tools, students can: program robots in a virtual environment, test code and debug without the risk of damaging real equipment; to study robotics and the principles of robot operation, exploring different types of sensors, actuators and algorithms of robot behavior; to solve problems in various fields, such as production automation, logistics, construction, etc.; practices your skills in a safe and controlled environment. Among the benefits of using robotic simulators are next: availability for a large number of students, as simulators are much cheaper than real jobs; safety, as the virtual environment eliminates the risks associated with working with real robots; flexibility that allows students to work at their own pace, explore different scenarios and experiment with different parameters; interactivity with a realistic 3D-environment and visualization. This work presents an overview and analysis of software that allows modeling robot control systems and simulating their operation for various algorithms. A review and analysis of the proposed software tools for simulating robotic systems, which are used to teach bachelor's and master's degree students in the specialties of "Computer Science", "Information Systems", "Industrial Mechanical Engineering" and "Applied Mechanics" and have proven their effectiveness and effectiveness in distance learning at the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture.

An adaptive gravitational search algorithm for optimizing mechanical engineering design and machining problems

The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is widely used for solving optimization problems because it performs in a superior manner as compared to various competing evolutionary and swarm-based metaheuristics. However, GSA frequently gets trapped in local optima due to a lack of solution diversity. Although chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CGSA) can resolve this issue to some extent but its degraded exploitation rate and convergence speed may not result in desired outcome. To this end, diversity-based chaotic GSA (DCGSA) has exhibited its capability to resolve the issues encountered with GSA and CGSA to a certain extent for unconstrained problems. DCGSA achieves this characteristic through the use of an adaptive gravitational constant, which varies according to the diversity values of the population. Since most real-world problems are subjected to some constraints, it is prudent to improve the performance of GSA in solving constrained optimization problems. The present study integrates the enhanced search capability of DCGSA with a generalized constraint handling mechanism to improve the performance of GSA in solving constrained problems. It is observed that DCGSA significantly outperforms GSA on both CEC (Congress on evolutionary computation) 2006, 2010 and 2017 functions and competes strongly with CGSA. Diversity analysis shows that the capability to balance exploration and exploitation rates is enhanced using CGSA and DCGSA. Furthermore, DCGSA algorithms outperform GSA and CGSA on real-world machining and CEC 2020 mechanical design problems. Comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms is made to analyze the performance of the algorithms from a larger perspective.

Design and Technological Aspects of Integrating Multi-Blade Machining and Surface Hardening on a Single Machine Base

Modern mechanical engineering faces high competition in global markets, which requires manufacturers of process equipment to significantly reduce production costs while ensuring high product quality and maximum productivity. Metalworking occupies a significant part of industrial production and consumes a significant share of the world’s energy and natural resources. Improving the technology of manufacturing parts with an emphasis on more efficient use of metalworking machines is necessary to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic machine tool industry. Hybrid metalworking systems based on the principles of multi-purpose integration eliminate the disadvantages of monotechnologies and increase efficiency by reducing time losses and intermediate operations. The purpose of this work is to develop and implement a hybrid machine tool system and an appropriate combined technology for manufacturing machine parts. Theory and methods. Studies of the possible structural composition and layout of hybrid equipment at integration of mechanical and surface-thermal processes were carried out, taking into account the basic provisions of structural synthesis and componentization of metalworking systems. Theoretical studies were carried out using the basic provisions of system analysis, geometric theory of surface formation, design of metalworking machines, methods of finite elements, and mathematical and computer modeling. The mathematical modeling of thermal fields and structural-phase transformations during HEH HFC was carried out in ANSYS (version 19.1) and SYSWELD (version 2010) software packages using numerical methods of solving differential equations of unsteady heat conduction (Fourier equation), carbon diffusion (2nd Fick’s law) and elastic–plastic behavior of the material. The verification of the modeling results was carried out using in situ experiments employing the following: optical and scanning microscopy; and mechanical and X-ray methods of residual stress determination. Formtracer SV-C4500 profilograph profilometer was used in the study for simultaneous measurement of shape deviations and surface roughness. Surface topography was assessed using a Walter UHL VMM 150 V instrumental microscope. The microhardness of the hardened surface layer of the parts was evaluated on a Wolpert Group 402MVD. Results and discussion. The original methodology of structural and kinematic analysis for pre-design studies of hybrid metalworking equipment is presented. Methodological recommendations for the modernization of multi-purpose metal-cutting machine tool are developed, the implementation of which will make it possible to implement high-energy heating with high-frequency currents (HEH HFC) on a standard machine tool system and provide the formation of knowledge-intensive technological equipment with extended functionality. The innovative moment of this work is the development of hybrid metalworking equipment with numerical control and writing a unique postprocessor to it, which allows to realize all functional possibilities of this machine system and the technology of combined processing as a whole. Special tooling and tools providing all the necessary requirements for the process of surface hardening of HEH HFC were designed and manufactured. The conducted complex of works and approbation of the technology of integrated processing in real conditions in comparison with traditional methods of construction of technological process of parts manufacturing allowed to obtain the following results: increase in the productivity of processing by 1.9 times; exclusion of possibility of scrap occurrence at finishing grinding; reduction in auxiliary and preparatory-tasking time; and reduction in inter-operational parts backlogs.

Reflective Questions: Promoting Metacognition Through Discussion Board Prompts

During two semesters, a numerical methods course for mechanical engineering students at a large US southeastern university used discussion board questions to promote reflection and metacognition. The course covered eight chapters, each with a related discussion question. The students could choose to answer these questions and receive 2% extra credit for the course. This was intended to help the students who missed some of the 30 online homework assignments that comprised 15% of the final course grade. The questions were also meant to encourage the students to think deeply and creatively. The students could see other students’ responses after they posted their own. The questions ranged from making a meme, writing a nursery rhyme, and explaining a complex or easy concept. Only 64% of the total possible responses were submitted by students, and there was a small-to-medium practical but no statistical significance between the levels of participation among the high- or low-performing students. The submissions were analyzed and determined to be at the low level of Bloom’s taxonomy. They identified complex topics to inform future instruction.

Exploring the Utilisation of Generative AI Tools by Undergraduate First-Year Mechanical Engineering Students in Programming Assessments.

Integrating the fundamentals of computer science and programming skills into the undergraduate engineering curriculum has been a primary focus for many educational institutions worldwide. Learning the basics of programming from the beginning of undergraduate engineering education allows students to incorporate such skills into their future work easily. Therefore, an introductory programming course for first-year undergraduate students has been running since 2021 in the Mechanical Engineering Department at University College London intending to teach the fundamentals of Python programming language. However, it is well-known that generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) tools in higher education are moving so fast that a wait-and-see approach cannot be taken. These applications have received much global attention from academics on their impact and proper use within the teaching-learning process. This paper investigates first-year undergraduate mechanical engineering students' use of Gen AI tools in their programming assessment. The results show that 60% of the cohort used tools that helped mainly to check their code, improve their English language, and understand error messages. However, 40% abstained from using any. Based on these findings, recommendations on how Gen AI tools can be utilised by undergraduate students in ways that support their learning and enhance their ability to achieve learning outcomes are made.

Stress-relieved hollow porous carbon nanoring structures anchored with ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles towards super stable lithium storage

Stress-induced structural mechanical instability is a common occurrence in the electrode material during electrochemical cycling, especially for composite material systems. The structural mechanics engineering of nanocomposites comprising electrochemical active materials and carbon with novel structures holds great promise in addressing this issue. However, conventional carbonaceous materials often encounter challenges in long-term durability and high specific capacity stemming from their intrinsic uneven stress distribution and few active sites. Herein, finite element analysis reveals that the ring-like structure effectively mitigates stress concentration from expansion and possesses high packing density, outperforming traditional nanosphere and nanocube architectures. Accordingly, nanocomposites consisting of hollow porous nanostructured N-doped carbon nanorings (N-CNRs) anchored with bimetallic ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles are designed, which exhibit an extraordinary cycling performance for lithium storage with 96.4 % capacity retention following 1000 cycles and an impressively low storage degradation rate of 0.00357 % per cycle, as well as displaying an excellent specific capacity (1218 mA h/g at 0.1 A g−1) and outstanding rate performance (565 mA h/g at 5.0 A g−1). The well-engineered design nanocomposite features the synergistic effect of electrochemically active ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles integrated with structurally stable carbon nanorings for enhanced electrochemical performance.

Order Management in the Era of Customization

The economic growth and development of the country largely depends on success in the main industries, where mechanical engineering plays a key role. The economies of different countries rely on industrial enterprises that satisfy people’s needs through the production of goods and services. To ensure competitiveness in a dynamically changing market, continuous improvement and development of enterprises is required. In the current conditions, mechanical engineering enterprises increasingly need to adapt to each individual customer, which in turn forces them to rebuild enterprises to the parameters typical for single or small-scale production. The production process is the joint work of tools, equipment and personnel through which products are produced. The complexity of the process of releasing new products is due to the involvement of a large number of departments involved in this process. Order execution is based primarily on the management of production systems. One of the most important processes in enterprise management is the order management process.The purpose of this study is to determine the methods of optimizing the order management process and reducing the influence of the internal cooperation factor on the increase of the period of its implementation at machine-building enterprises. As a methodological basis such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison and contrast were used. As the information base, the article analyzes the works of modern authors who consider the issues of order management and such an element of the organizational structure as internal cooperation between departments, their influence on the internal processes of the enterprise and the timing of order execution. The features of the planning process for a single type of production are considered. In the course of the work, the main reasons for the shift in previously determined order completion dates, the most important indicators for order fulfillment, the peculiarities of the planning process at the unit type of production were considered, as well as the most frequently encountered problems during project implementation were identified. In connection with the trend towards changes and development of enterprises, in terms of changes in order management processes for customized products, an increase in the number of created enterprises and an increase in the share of customized products, a conclusion was made about the relevance of studying the order management process in a single type of production at machine-building enterprises. Conclusions are drawn about the need for further study of the issues under consideration. The materials can be used in companies in the real sector of the economy, in administrative structures and in the educational process.

Adapting the ‘study and research path’ methodology in strength of materials to online teaching and resource-constrained scenarios

The Study and Research Path (SRP) methodology, emphasizing exploration of answers to open questions, has recently gained recognition as an effective active and inquiry-based learning approach, notably in the realm of Mechanical Engineering education. This study investigates the adaptation of SRPs to online and resource-constrained environments. We present and compare eight SRP-based Strength of Material courses conducted before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis focuses on the transformations observed in SRPs, encompassing shifts in course organization, question-answer maps, media-milieu dialectics, resource utilization, and inquiry procedures. Our findings demonstrate the successful adaptation of the SRP course to online teaching during the unprecedented remote conditions brought about by the pandemic. This adaptation resulted in a more guided Q-A map, innovative practical experiences with homemade setups, increased use of simulations, and parallelized inquiry by different groups. Importantly, materials and strategies developed during this transformation proved invaluable in subsequent post-pandemic courses, particularly in hybrid or constrained space and cohort settings. Our study highlights the adaptability and efficacy of SRPs in diverse teaching environments, providing valuable insights for educators seeking to implement SRPs and other active-learning, inquiry-based methodologies to challenging ecological conditions.

Numerical and experimental investigation of 3D printed tunable stiffness metamaterial with real-time response using digital light processing technology

A tunable mechanical metamaterial is a type that can be altered or manipulated to change its physical properties in various situations. This study introduces a novel type of metamaterial, hydro-tunable metamaterials (HTMs), which can be dynamically adjusted in real-time by filling or draining it with water. The development of HTMs has significant implications for various fields, including mechanical engineering, biomedical applications, and energy absorption. The study involves designing and manufacturing HTMs using a Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing process. The design process involves modifying an initial basic auxetic structure to create a closed and sealed structure accommodating fluid. The printed samples are then characterized using mechanical testing and finite element analysis (FEA). Experiments and simulations have found that a sample containing water behaves differently from a sample without water, resulting in an increase in stiffness. This difference can be leveraged to modify the stiffness and strength of the structure. This phenomenon is attributed to the incompressibility of water within the structure. Water exerts a hydrostatic pressure on the auxetic material, resulting in increased stiffness and resistance to compression. This technique highlights the potential of HTMs to be dynamically adjusted in real-time, leading to enhanced energy absorption and improved performance. An additional FEA was conducted to examine the impact of water pressure on the mechanical behavior of the structure. The results indicate that applying pressure or temperature to the water can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the water-filled sample.

Analysis of Responses of GPT-4V to the Japanese National Clinical Engineer Licensing Examination.

Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT; OpenAI) is a state-of-the-art large language model that can simulate human-like conversations based on user input. We evaluated the performance of GPT-4V in the Japanese National Clinical Engineer Licensing Examination using 2,155 questions from 2012 to 2023. The average correct answer rate for all questions was 86.0%. In particular, clinical medicine, basic medicine, medical materials, biological properties, and mechanical engineering achieved a correct response rate of ≥ 90%. Conversely, medical device safety management, electrical and electronic engineering, and extracorporeal circulation obtained low correct answer rates ranging from 64.8% to 76.5%. The correct answer rates for questions that included figures/tables, required numerical calculation, figure/table ∩ calculation, and knowledge of Japanese Industrial Standards were 55.2%, 85.8%, 64.2% and 31.0%, respectively. The reason for the low correct answer rates is that ChatGPT lacked recognition of the images and knowledge of standards and laws. This study concludes that careful attention is required when using ChatGPT because several of its explanations lack the correct description.