Institution Of Engineers Research Articles

Determination of Toxic Elements in Botanical Dietary Supplement Ingredient Reference Materials.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has produced over 40 botanical dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials® (SRMs) and reference materials (RMs) with values assigned for chemical markers and/or active compounds. Although environmental accumulation or inadvertent introduction of toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) is a potential source of exposure in botanical dietary supplement products, the majority of the dietary supplement SRMs/RMs do not have values assigned for the four major toxic elements. To determine As, Cd, Pb, and Hg content in the current inventory of NIST botanical dietary supplement SRMs/RMs. Fifteen SRMs/RMs suites of plant part, extract, and finished products [i.e., solid oral dosage form (SODF)] were analyzed for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg using nitric acid microwave-assisted digestion followed by quantification using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results for control samples were in good agreement with certified values indicating that the analyses of 38 individual botanical SRMs/RMs were in control. Characterization of linked plant/extract SRMs/RMs derived from the same source materials demonstrated that while extraction processes can often yield extracts with lower toxic element content for Hg or As, it is also possible for mass fraction levels to remain unchanged or even increase following extraction. The results fill significant knowledge gaps in toxic element content ranges for SRMs/RMs where no NIST assigned values existed, in particular for Hg content and for extract and SODF matrices. With comprehensive toxic element content now available, researchers can better select appropriate dietary supplement SRMs/RMs for use as controls in the analysis of dietary supplement ingredients and products. Results for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg are reported for 38 dietary supplement SRMs/RMs including 6 suites of plant, extract, and SODF and 9 pairs of plant and extract from the same batch of plant material.

Ready for transition: understanding the experiences of student-athletes’ participation in intercollegiate sports

Background: Various studies have examined the transitional experiences of student-athletes from specific sports; however, there is a scant amount of literature analysing how student-athletes dealt with the transition from high school to intercollegiate sports participation in the Philippine context. Research Objective: This study aims to examine the transition of student-athletes from high school to intercollegiate sports participation. Methods: This study explored the beneficial experiences of six athletes at the MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology in the transition from high school to intercollegiate sports participation. The study used an explanatory, descriptive qualitative design with data obtained through semi-structured interviews. Finding/Result: The results of the study found challenges in managing the transition: focus and commitment, and the coach-athlete relationship. Additionally, this study has identified a support system that has had a significant impact on their overall athletic performance: it increases motivation and boosts morale. The study found the differences between the transitions in terms of training, dealing with coaches, and working with fellow athletes; the effect of the transition on the overall performance of student-athletes; the support system from different people and organisations; and the impact of the support system on the arrangements of student-athletes. The study’s results emphasise the importance of support systems in mitigating the challenges experienced in the transition from high school to intercollegiate sports participation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the transition and support systems have a substantial influence on the development of athletes. The findings showed that the participants exhibited a preference for prioritising their academic pursuits over attempting to balance academic and sports careers. This study provides quality results that could help the university develop its sports programme.

Screening for carriers of the SRD5A2 gene mutation 5-alpha-reductase 2 deficiency in Vietnamese pregnant wome

Objective: To describe the percentage of people who carry the SRD5A2 gene mutation causing 5-alpha-reductase 2 deficiency and the characteristics of their mutated variants in Vietnamese pregnant women. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 8,464 pregnant women who visited and agreed to perform a screening test for gene carriers related to recessive genetic conditions at the Institute of DNA Technology and Genetic Analysis. All information about pregnant women including maternal age, gestational age, number of pregnancies and SRD5A2 gene mutation test results were collected. Results: Of 8,464 pregnant women participating in the study, 315 pregnant women (3.72%) carried pathogenic mutations on the SRD5A2gene. The c.680G>A mutation (p.Arg227Gln) is the most common of the SRD5A2 gene mutations detected. Conclusion: The rate of pregnant women carrying SRD5A2 gene mutations is 3.72%, indicating the high prevalence of this gene mutation in Vietnamese pregnant women. In the future, it is necessary to expand and develop SRD5A2 gene mutation screening programs in Vietnamese pregnant women.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 14, No. 5

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 14, Number 5Abderrazak Zaafour, Almería University, SpainAbdul Syahid, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, IndonesiaAbdulfattah Omar, The Australian National University, AustraliaAby John, RUDN University, IndiaAcep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAna Maria Costa Lopes, Higher School of Education of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, PortugalAnna Maria Kuzio, University of Zielona Gora, PolandAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAravind B R, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, IndiaAshraf Mansour, Jerash Private University, JordanAtyaf Hasan Ibrahim, Al Iraqia University, IraqAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptBadri Abdulhakim Mudhsh, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, OmanBeibei Ren, University of South Florida, USABerhane Gerencheal, Aksum University, EthiopiaChristian Jay Olandria Syting, University of Mindanao, PhilippinesDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanElsadig Hussein Fadlalla Ali, King Khalid University, Saudi ArabiaGhazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHiyam Al-Badareen, Al al-Bayt University , JordanHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaHussain Hamid Ali Ghazzaly, Al-Azhar University, EgyptInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), IndiaLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALihong Ding, Lanzhou University of Arts and Sciences, ChinaMaroua Benhamlaoui, University of Fréres Mentouri- Constantine 1 , AlgeriaMelania Terrazas Gallego, University of La Rioja, SpainMohamad Amin Shirkhani, University of sistan and baluchestan, IranMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMounir Jilani Ben Zid, Sultan Qaboos University, OmanMozhgan Ghassemiazghandi, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MalaysiaMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqNitin Malhotra, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg, GermanyOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeyP. Jayakumar, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, IndiaPatsawut Sukserm, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute (CULI), ThailandPrincess H. Policarpio, Angeles University Foundation , PhilippinesRamesh Manickkam, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. Priya, Subbalakshmi Lakshmipathy College of Science, IndiaS. Sakthivel, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. V. Dhanawade, Vivekanand College(Autonomous) Kolhapur, IndiaSafi Eldeen Alzi’abi, Jerash University, JordanSaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University of Mosul, IraqSantri Djahimo, Nusa Cendana University, IndonesiaSara Mansouri, Islamic Azad University-Najafabad branch, IranŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaShangrela Genon-Sieras, Mindanao State University, Main Campus, PhilippinesSohaib Alam, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaSonthaya Rattanasak, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, ThailandTelal Mirghani Khalid, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, QatarWahaj Unnisa Warda, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaZijun SHEN, Sichuan University of Media and Communications, China

Supporting Digital Health Integration in a National Curriculum: The New Zealand Experience.

The World Health Organisation considers that digital health can play a vital role in strengthening health systems, including increasing equity in access to health services; however, to realise the benefits of digital health this subject needs to be included in nursing education. In New Zealand the recent establishment of the centralised Te Pūkenga Institute of Skills and Technology allows for the creation of a common unified curriculum for entry to nursing programmes among the community-based tertiary education providers. Expertise to advise on the digital health component of the curriculum was sought from the New Zealand nursing and midwifery informatics group and this group's contribution is reported here. Delays in implementing the new curriculum means that by the end of 2023 no students had yet graduated, and evaluating their success, combined with research into the students' preparedness for working in a digital health environment is recommended.

Calibrating the global network of gravitational wave observatories via laser power calibration at NIST and PTB

Current gravitational wave (GW) observatories rely on photon calibrators that use laser radiation pressure to generate displacement fiducials used to calibrate detector output signals. Reducing calibration uncertainty enables optimal extraction of astrophysical information such as source distance and sky position from detected signals. For the ongoing O4 observing run that started on 24 May 2023, the global GW detector network is employing a new calibration scheme with transfer standards calibrated at both the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). These transfer standards will circulate between the observatories and the metrology institutes to provide laser power calibration traceable to the International System of Units (SI) and enable assessment and reduction of relative calibration errors for the observatory network. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) project and the Virgo project are currently participating in the new calibration scheme. The Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational-wave Telescope project (KAGRA) is expected to join in 2024, with the LIGO Aundha Observatory in India joining later. Before implementing this new scheme, a NIST-PTB bilateral comparison was conducted. It validated the scale representation by both laboratories, with a degree of equivalence of −0.2% and an associated expanded uncertainty of 0.32% (k = 2) which is significantly lower than previous studies. We describe the transfer of power sensor calibration, including detailed uncertainty estimates, from the transfer standards calibrated by NIST and PTB to the sensors operating continuously at the interferometer end stations. Finally, we discuss the ongoing calibration of Pcal-induced displacement fiducials for the O4 observing run. Achieved combined standard uncertainty levels as low as 0.3% facilitate calibrating the interferometer output signals with sub-percent accuracy.

From mindset to market: unveiling the nexus of cognition, behavior and environment in igniting students’ E-entrepreneurial intentions

PurposeIndia has witnessed a significant surge in internet users in recent years, creating an ideal environment for E-entrepreneurship. With the rise of E-commerce and the growth of the digital economy, there is tremendous potential for online businesses in developing nations. Our study outlines the behavioral, cognitive, and environmental aspects shaping students' E-entrepreneurial intentions (EEI).Design/methodology/approachOur study incorporated structural equation modeling (SEM), social cognitive theory (SCT), and entrepreneurial event model (EEM) to evaluate the EEI of 460 students from India's top five engineering institutes. The direct and indirect linkages in the model were examined by employing mediation and moderation analysis.FindingsOur findings reveal that behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors facilitate evaluating feasibility, further igniting students' EEI. The cognitive factors and E-entrepreneurial feasibility (EEF) mediate the relationship between the underlying constructs. Furthermore, financial resource availability (FRA) strengthens, and loss aversion bias(LAB) weakens the linkage between EEF and EEM.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's findings may benefit online innovation communities, potential technopreneurs, financial institutions, and policymakers in improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem.Originality/valueThe study integrates psychological and sociological perspectives to understand the key facilitators of EEF and EEI. The study combines SCT and the EEM by appending crucial constructs such as FRA and LAB to broaden the horizons of EEI.

New Insights into Trace Element Accumulation in Kernels of Two Algerian Populations of Argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels): An Endangered Endemic Tree.

Argan is one of the valuable oilseed trees in the Northwest Africa area, with important ecological and socioeconomic benefits; however, information underlying its elemental status remains absent . The current work was performed for the first time to quantify the mineral status of Argania spinosa kernels collected from two different geographic Algerian regions (Mostaganem and Tindouf). Elemental investigation (As, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Th, and Zn) was performed using neutron activation analysis (NAA). Two standard reference materials from the National Research Center for certified reference materials (China), namely, CRM-GBW 07605 (GSV-4 tea leaves), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA), namely, NIST (SRM 1573a, tomato leaves), were used to ensure precision and validation of NAA measurements. A computational calculation of data including principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was applied. The extents of essential elements in Mostaganem kernels were found to be in the order of K (7185 μg g-1) > Ca (2079 μg g-1) > Na (205 μg g-1) > Fe (84.33 μg g-1) > Zn (73.41 μg g-1) > Cr (0.66 μg g-1) > Co (0.035 μg g-1), whereas the overall order of these elements in Tindouf kernels was K (7206 μg g-1) > Ca (3725 μg g-1) > Fe (114.69 μg g-1) > Zn (67.37 μg g-1) > Na (56.29 μg g-1) > Cr (0.54 μg g-1) > Co (0.11 μg g-1). PCA results revealed that Tindouf population was highly loaded with Br, Cr, Cu, Mn, Sr, V, and Zn, while Mostaganem population was associated only with Ce and Sm contents. These findings can be useful for making new formulations for cosmetic and culinary usage and contribute to the nutritional database and food safety.

Cold Moves: Cryogenics in Indo-German Research Networks.

By unravelling the complexities and dynamics of a collaboration between scientists in India and West Germany to establish a cryogenic network, this paper intends to contribute to our understanding of the transnational movement of research technologies during the Cold War. In 1971, a cryogenic laboratory including a helium and a nitrogen liquefier was set up at the physics department of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras as part of the Indo-German partnership at IIT Madras between 1959 and 1974. As a generic research technology with many applications, cryogenics became crucial for a solid state research agenda for semiconductor development. After initial difficulties, Ramaswami Srinivasan at IIT Madras and Gustav Klipping of the Fritz Haber Institute in Berlin built a successful collaboration based on mutual trust and on Indian and German scientists travelling and working in each other's laboratories. If the initial motivation of the Indo-German partnership was informed by the logic of Cold War development policy, Klipping and Srinivasan developed their collaboration into a vibrant cryogenic research network around different actors, instruments, and skills moving between India and the Federal Republic of Germany.

Misinterpretations about CT numbers, material decomposition, and elemental quantification.

Quantitative CT imaging, particularly iodine and calcium quantification, is an important CT-based biomarker. This study quantifies sources of errors in quantitative CT imaging in both single-energy and spectral CT. This work examines the theoretical relationship between CT numbers, linear attenuation coefficient, and material quantification. We derive four understandings: (1) CT numbers are not proportional with element mass in vivo, (2) CT numbers are proportional with element mass only when contained in a voxel of pure water, (3) iodine-water material decomposition is never accurate in vivo, and (4) for error-free material decomposition a voxel must only consist of the basis decomposition vectors. Misinterpretation-based errors are calculated using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) XCOM database for: tissue chemical compositions, clinical concentrations of hydroxyapatite (HAP), and iodine. Quantification errors are also demonstrated experimentally using phantoms. In single-energy CT, misinterpretation-induced errors for HAP density in adipose, muscle, lung, soft tissue, and blood ranged from 0-132%, i.e., a mass error of 0-749 mg/cm3. In spectral CT, errors with iodine in the same tissues resulted in a range of < 0.1-33% error, resulting in a mass error of < 0.1-1.2 mg/mL. Our work demonstrates material quantification is fundamentally limited when measured in vivo due to measurement conditions differing from assumed and the errors are at or above detection limits for bone mineral density (BMD) and spectral iodine quantification. To define CT-derived biomarkers, the errors we demonstrate should either be avoided or built into uncertainty bounds. Improving error bounds in quantitative CT biomarkers, specifically in iodine and BMD quantification, could lead to improvements in clinical care aspects based on quantitative CT. CT numbers are only proportional with element mass only when contained in a voxel of pure water, therefore iodine-water material decomposition is never accurate in vivo. Misinterpretation-induced errors ranged from 0-132% for HAP density and < 0.1-33% in spectral CT with iodine. For error-free material decomposition, a voxel must only consist of the basis decomposition vectors.

Progress in Ecosystem Services Research

The definition of ecosystem services has evolved and developed as the purpose and target audience of research has changed. The earliest analogue of 'ecosystem services', the concept of 'environmental service functions', appeared in the 1970 SCEP report published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The concept of "ecosystem services" was formally introduced by Ehrlich in 1981, when Daily proposed that ecosystem services are "the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems and their constituent species satisfy and sustain human life activities", which was the first definition of ecosystem services. Daily proposed that ecosystem services are "natural ecosystems and their constituent species that satisfy and sustain human life activities through ecosystem conditions and processes", which was the first time the concept of "ecosystem services" was defined, and further elaborated on the difference between ecosystem service products and ecosystem goods. However, Costanza added ecosystem products to the definition of ecosystem services, and Daily and Costanza launched studies on the valuation of ecosystem services, which accelerated the progress of ecosystem services research. At the beginning of the 21st century, the MA report defined the concept of "ecosystem services" as "the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems", which was recognised by the majority of the population and widely used, and it is also the most widely accepted definition up to the present time, which has ushered in the development of research on ecosystem services. This definition was recognised and widely used by most people, and is the most widely accepted definition to date, leading to a boom in research on ecosystem services.

Raindrop size distribution characteristics of pre-monsoon precipitation observed over eastern India

The knowledge of raindrop size distribution (DSD) is crucial for understanding the microphysical processes involved with the precipitation. Different empirical relationships established with DSD parameters, like radar reflectivity– rainfall rate (Z–R) relationships and shape–slope (μ–Ʌ) relationships, can progress the rainfall estimation algorithms and cloud modeling simulations. In the present study, long-term (2018–2021) measurements of a Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) disdrometer installed at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India is used to investigate the DSD characteristics of pre-monsoon (March–May) rainfall. Along with the disdrometer data, auxiliary parameters like convective available potential energy (CAPE), total column water vapor (TCWV), vertical profiles of temperature and relative humidity from reanalysis data sets of ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) fifth-generation reanalysis (ERA5) are also used in this study. Based on standardized rainfall anomaly, the pre-monsoon precipitation days are classified into strong, moderate, and weak rainy days, and they contributed to 58.69%, 32.7%, and 8.61% of total rainfall, respectively. The average DSD indicated noteworthy variations among strong, moderate, and weak rainy days with maximum (minimum) concentration of raindrops in strong (weak) rainy days. The mean value of rain rate (R), normalized intercept parameter (Nw), and mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) is maximum during days of strong rainfall. Strong rainy days showed high-value CAPE, TCWV and vertical profile of relative humidity. The majority of R is contributed by moderate-sized raindrops with a significant difference in the Z–R and μ–Λ relationships among three types of rainy days.

From COMPI-16 to HOME station: 40 years of hardware-related teaching at the Institute of Computer Technology on the example of selected projects in the “Electrical Engineering and Information Technology” curriculum

From COMPI-16 to HOME station: 40 years of hardware-related teaching at the Institute of Computer Technology on the example of selected projects in the “Electrical Engineering and Information Technology” curriculum

Preserving the memory of the scientific school

A story about the scientifi c school of chemical technology of plastics in St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), about teachers – doctors of sciences, professors. The main directions of their scientific activity, research topics are shown, books written by scientists are indicated.

Assessing the challenges of viability of borehole through the extraction of lineaments from aeromagnetic data within a hostel at Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Nigeria

Assessing the challenges of viability of borehole through the extraction of lineaments from aeromagnetic data within a hostel at Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Nigeria

Outcomes and Conclusions from the 2022 AM Bench Measurements, Challenge Problems, Modeling Submissions, and Conference

AbstractThe Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM Bench) provides rigorous measurement data for validating additive manufacturing (AM) simulations for a broad range of AM technologies and material systems. AM Bench includes extensive in situ and ex situ measurements, simulation challenges for the AM modeling community, and a corresponding conference series. In 2022, the second round of AM Bench measurements, challenge problems, and conference were completed, focusing primarily upon laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing of metals, and both material extrusion processing and vat photopolymerization of polymers. In all, more than 100 people from 10 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) divisions and 21 additional organizations were directly involved in the AM Bench 2022 measurements, data management, and conference organization. The international AM community submitted 138 sets of blind modeling simulations for comparison with the in situ and ex situ measurements, up from 46 submissions for the first round of AM Bench in 2018. Analysis of these submissions provides valuable insight into current AM modeling capabilities. The AM Bench data are permanently archived and freely accessible online. The AM Bench conference also hosted an embedded workshop on qualification and certification of AM materials and components.

Non-Moro IP Inclusion in Education Governance: Historical Notes on Institutional Policies and IP Population in MSU-IIT, Iligan City

This article presents a historical overview of institutional initiatives concerning the inclusion of Non-Moro Indigenous Peoples as indicators of good governance in education. This underscores the importance of not only integrated but an inclusive education for every student from both the mainstream and the margins. Gleaned from the experience of MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), this study elaborates the following: (1) what are the policies and programs contributing to the inclusion of Non-Moro IPs in MSU-IIT, and (2) how MSU-IIT administered the Non-Moro IP population and what are the challenges encountered. This research utilized qualitative methods with data coming from MSU-IIT offices and online databases, corroborated with purposive-snowball interviews. Discussions show that the IP students have faced a number of obstacles that have interfered with their college experience, whether they relate to admissions or retention including dropping out of classes, financial constraints and struggle in major coursework leading to the necessary improvement on their overall scholastic performance. MSU-IIT has also responded to the challenge of exclusion through, but not limited to, the General Education Program, the Five-Year Development Plan covering Education and Student Support Pillars, the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusivity (EDI) Policy, and other academic and non- academic pathway initiatives.

Ferroelectric Stochasticity in 2D CuInP2S6 and Its Application for True Random Number Generator.

True random number generators (TRNGs), which create cryptographically secure random bitstreams, hold great promise in addressing security concerns regarding hardware, communication, and authentication in the Internet of Things (IoT) realm. Recently, TRNGs based on nanoscale materials have gained considerable attention for avoiding conventional and predictable hardware circuitry designs that can be vulnerable to machine learning (ML) attacks. In this article, a low-power and low-cost TRNG developed by exploiting stochastic ferroelectric polarization switching in 2D ferroelectric CuInP2S6 (CIPS)-based capacitive structures, is reported. The stochasticity arises from the probabilistic switching of independent electrical dipoles. The TRNG exhibits enhanced stochastic variability with near-ideal entropy, uniformity, uniqueness, Hamming distance, and independence from autocorrelation variations. Its unclonability is systematically examined using device-to-device variations. The generated cryptographic bitstreams pass the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) randomness tests. This nanoscale CIPS-based TRNG is circuit-integrable and exhibits potential for hardware security in edge devices with advanced data encryption.

The association between physical fitness and mental health among college students: a cross-sectional study.

Physical inactivity and mental health disorders are emerging threats to public health in China. Previous research on links between exercise and mental wellbeing have focused on clinical populations, with little evidence from the general population, particularly younger adults. We aimed to investigate associations between physical fitness and mental health in Chinese college students. In this series, of cross-sectional observational studies, we enrolled 7,468 Chinese college students aged 16-24 years in 199 classes at Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering between Sept 1, 2017, and Jun 30, 2018. Exposures of interest were the students' physical fitness level, measured by the Chinese University Students Physique Test. The primary outcomes were mental health situations, measured by the University Personality Inventory (UPI). The multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the levels of physical fitness and mental disorders symptoms. Completed mental health and physical fitness data were available for 6,724 participants aged 16-24 years. Compared with the failed group, the corresponding levels of difference in overall UPI scores were - 1.45 scores (95% CI: -2.45, -0.46; p < 0.01) for the passed group and - 2.95 scores (95% CI: -4.13, -1.77; p < 0.01) for the good group. Similar results were observed in the four different aspects of psychotic disorder symptoms. There was a significantly negative correlation between the level of physical fitness and phycological situations among Chinese college students. Our findings highlight the psychological situations of students with low physical fitness levels should be concerned.

Strategic boundary management in university‐based living labs

AbstractUniversity‐based boundary organisations provide academics with an environment where they can interact with a wide variety of societal partners to produce knowledge and work on research projects, often of a transdisciplinary nature. This environment, however, implies that their researchers may be confronted with multiple and sometimes conflicting demands coming from various stakeholders. In this study, we focus on one such case, a Real‐world Laboratory (RwL), set up by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. This RwL focuses on urban sustainable development challenges. Drawing on boundary work literature, we analyse the boundary work strategies employed by the lab's leading researchers to manage such demands as part of a RwL research project. We observe that the managing researchers buffer several types of boundaries in order not to compromise the transdisciplinary nature of the RwL. They appear to utilise four types of boundary devices when managing boundaries: language, people, objects, and spaces. We conclude that, to reduce tensions, the managing researchers should acknowledge the presence of boundaries early on in their RwL research project, that is, during its conception phase.