Areas Of Engineering Research Articles

Study on the Dynamic Crushing Behaviors of Hourglass Honeycomb Sandwich Panels

In response to the problem of enclosed internal spaces in existing honeycomb sandwich panels, the concept of an hourglass honeycomb sandwich panel model is proposed for the first time, which provides a breakthrough approach for achieving the multifunctional integration of honeycomb sandwich panels. Numerical simulation methods are employed to investigate the dynamic performance of the hourglass honeycomb sandwich panels. The focus is on discussing the influences of the geometric parameters on the deformation mode, dynamic response, load uniformity, and energy absorption capacity of the hourglass honeycomb sandwich panel under different impact velocity conditions. The research results indicate that under low-velocity-impact conditions, the influence of the geometric parameters is predominant. In contrast, under high-velocity-impact conditions, the influence of the impact velocity conditions is predominant. Hourglass honeycomb sandwich panels with low density, a large inclination angle of the honeycomb wall, and small contact distances between the hourglass honeycomb cell and the panel have excellent load uniformity, and the distances between the contact points of the hourglass honeycomb cell and the panel have a great influence on the energy absorption capacity of the sandwich panels. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of honeycombs in aerospace and other engineering areas.

A Context-Based Perspective on Frost Analysis in Reuse-Oriented Big Data-System Developments

The large amount of available data, generated every second via sensors, social networks, organizations, and so on, has generated new lines of research that involve novel methods, techniques, resources, and/or technologies. The development of big data systems (BDSs) can be approached from different perspectives, all of them useful, depending on the objectives pursued. In particular, in this work, we address BDSs in the area of software engineering, contributing to the generation of novel methodologies and techniques for software reuse. In this article, we propose a methodology to develop reusable BDSs by mirroring activities from software product line engineering. This means that the process of building BDSs is approached by analyzing the variety of domain features and modeling them as a family of related assets. The contextual perspective of the proposal, along with its supporting tool, is introduced through a case study in the agrometeorology domain. The characterization of variables for frost analysis exemplifies the importance of identifying variety, as well as the possibility of reusing previous analyses adjusted to the profile of each case. In addition to showing interesting findings from the case, we also exemplify our concept of context variety, which is a core element in modeling reusable BDSs.

Editorial Preview

Effective from Volume 3, JIWE has transitioned to a triannual publication release effort. Specifically, releases occur each February, June, and October. This particular October 2024 release contains 12 papers within the regular section that covers a broad range of application concerning Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Data Mining (DM), Software Engineering, Recommender Systems, Cybersecurity, Healthcare, and other key areas in web engineering. Additionally, this edition presents a captivating collection of 7 papers curated by our Thematic Editor, Dr. Ji-Jian Chin, under the theme "Pervasive Computing." In his editorial, Dr. Ji-Jian Chin highlights cutting-edge research on the integration of computing into everyday environments. Moreover, these papers are aligned to some of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through advancements in healthcare technologies, SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) through software and systems innovation research, and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) through contributions to privacy and cybersecurity research.

A Scientific Program in Regenerative Engineering (ASPIRE): A Prospective Program Aimed at Tackling Health Disparities in the USA.

The continued low numbers of Blacks in STEMM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine) represent an American crisis that threatens growing awareness and efforts to effectively address health disparities that affect the Black population. Regenerative engineering is an emerging STEMM field that seeks to combine principles from engineering, life sciences, physics, and medicine to develop new technologies for repairing and regenerating damaged tissues and organs. We believe that regenerative engineering has the potential to address some of the root causes of health disparities by developing new approaches that are more accessible and affordable, particularly for low-income communities and people living in rural areas. We have developed a new education program targeting to K-12 groups "A Scientific Program in Regenerative Engineering (ASPIRE)" that supports the mentoring and education of Black K-12 students to enter successfully and thrive as professionals in STEMM particularly in the area of regenerative engineering. We have been collaborating with several public-school systems in Connecticut, especially among the regions with health disparities to implement the program. We believe our new educational K-12 program would serve as a vehicle to reduce health disparities in the region.

Methacrylated chitosan/jellyfish collagen membranes as cell instructive platforms for liver tissue engineering

Although the multidisciplinary area of liver tissue engineering is in continuous progress, research in this field is still focused on developing an ideal liver tissue template. Innovative strategies are required to improve membrane stability and bioactivity.In our study, sustainable biomimetic membranes were developed by blending methacrylated chitosan (CSMA) with jellyfish collagen (jCol) for liver tissue engineering applications.The in vitro biological behaviour demonstrated the capability of the developed membranes to create a suitable milieu to enable hepatocyte growth and differentiation. The functionalization of chitosan together with the biocompatibility of marine collagen and the intrinsic membrane properties offered the ideal biochemical, topographical, and mechanical cues to the cells. Thanks to the enhanced CSMA/jCol membranes' characteristics, hepatocytes on such biomaterials exhibited improved growth, viability, and active liver-specific functions when compared to the cell fate achieved on CSMA membranes. Our study provides new insights about the influence of membrane properties on liver cells behaviour for the design of novel instructive biomaterials. The enrichment of functionalized chitosan with marine collagen represents a promising and innovative approach for the development of an appropriate platform for hepatic tissue engineering.

Recent trends in metabolic engineering for microbial production of value-added natural products

Microbe-mediated chemical production is a sustainable approach for production of natural products that are important for our society. Traditional fermentation production of natural products viz. drugs, nutraceuticals, pigments, aromatic compounds, and biofuels has limitations such as low yield, high cost and time- consuming process. Significant success in the economical production of these natural products has been established by altering the metabolic pathways of microorganisms through metabolic engineering. Recent advancements in new tools and strategies have led to a significant reduction in the turnaround time in the classic approach i.e. design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycle in metabolic engineering. Here, we summarize various tools and strategies developed in the area of metabolic engineering with a focus on value-added natural products Also, this review lists bioprospecting of microorganisms through metabolic engineering in last five years for production of natural products. At the end, outlook, challenges and opportunities for the successful establishment of robust engineered microbial cell factories have been reported.

Hybrid finite element and laplace transform method for efficient numerical solutions of fractional PDEs on graphics processing units

Fractional Partial Differential equations (FPDEs) are essential for modeling complex systems across various scientific and engineering areas. However, efficiently solving FPDEs presents significant computational challenges due to their inherent memory effects, often leading to increased execution times for numerical solutions. This study proposes a highly parallelizable hybrid computational approach that combines the Finite Element Method (FEM) for spatial discretization with Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform (NILT) for time-domain solutions, optimized for execution on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The NILT method’s high parallelizability, stemming from the independence of its series terms, combined with the robust spatial discretization provided by FEM, enables the efficient and accurate solution of FPDEs on GPUs, demonstrating substantial performance improvements over traditional CPU-based implementations. We observe a generalized pattern in execution time behavior that accounts for both the number of nodes and the number of NILT terms. Specifically, execution time scales quadratically with the number of nodes, while showing only a logarithmic marginal increase with the number of NILT terms These behaviors not only enables consistent performance assessment but also highlights potential areas for algorithm optimization. Validation against exact solutions of fractional diffusion and wave equations, employing Caputo, modified Caputo-Fabrizio, and modified Atangana-Baleanu derivatives, demonstrates the accuracy and convergence of the hybrid FEM-NILT method. Notably, the exact solutions of wave equation are novel in literature. The results highlight the method’s potential for enabling high-precision, large-scale simulations in fractional calculus applications, thereby advancing computational capabilities and efficiency in the field.

Existence Results for A Nonlinear Degenerate Parabolic Equation involving -Laplacian Type Diffusion Process

In this study, a nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation is used to describe a nonlinear -Laplacian equation process that arises in many areas of science and engineering in mechanics, quantum physics, and chemical design. This work has the objective of proving the existence of the local weak solution of a nonlinear p(x)-Laplacian equation by the compactness theorem. The uniformly local characteristics of the solutions for the gradients by estimating the regularization problem and using the Moser iterative techniques. Moreover, some properties of the local solutions depend on uniformly bounded situations and the -norm to the gradient is considered.

Deploying an IoT-based remote physics lab platform to enhance experimental physics education in remote regions

Abstract For several years, the educational gap in certain Latin American countries and around the world has become increasingly evident. The limited access to cutting-edge knowledge and technologies to strengthen student training processes has emerged as a significant problem, leading to increased inequality in job opportunities in these regions and progressive setbacks in social and economic development. One way to mitigate this problem has been to provide access to information through telecommunications. However, integration with educational processes has been deficient, especially in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This work proposes the development of a remote physics laboratory platform for experimental validation of models explaining certain physical phenomena. This platform is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, allowing students and teachers to connect with these experiences coveringtopics in mechanics, electricity and magnetism, optics, and thermodynamics from remote regions. These laboratories utilize physical setups in educational institutions that have been modified to provide connectivity and remote control capabilities based on IoT. Finally, a framework for implementing new remote laboratories based on the IoT paradigm through an open-source platform is presented. The system has been tested and validated with high school and early university students to verify its usefulness, showing the potential to enhance educational processes by providing laboratory access to students and teachers from primary education to secondary education and university-level professional programs.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF SOLAR POWER ENGINEERING BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE 21

The main results of the reports at the "Solar Energy" section were considered and summarized, in particular, one of the areas of solar energy engineering - solar power generation. Specialists from Ukraine and the Republic of Uzbekistan took part in the work of the section in this field. A total of 32 reports were presented, focusing on topics such as the implementation of distributed generation facilities based on photovoltaic systems, improving the energy efficiency of solar power plants, etc. The reports demonstrated the primary trends to highlight the issues of building and operation of energy-efficient solar power plants in today's realities.

Analysis of the scientific production on the implementation of knowledge management for supply chain sustainability

This research aims to analyze the scientific production on the implementation of knowledge management for sustainability of supply chain. The study is of a descriptive quantitative type, by performing a bibliometric analysis executed in the Scopus database where only the articles found in open access in the areas of engineering, business, administration and accounting sciences were considered. A total of 43 articles were detected. The authors with the major contributions were Tseng, M.L. and Mangla, S.K. The most productive institutions were Brunel University London and Brunel Business School. The country in which the largest number of research papers were published was The United Kingdom. The articles were published in 29 journals. A bibliometric map of co-authorship was carried out, which showed that these were grouped into four clusters and that of co-occurrence of keywords structured into six clusters, which identified six lines of research.

«Биологические войны» как новая международная проблема политиков и военных России

The globalization of the global market economy and the unregulated global population of 8 billion people create threats of global warming of the Earth with its transformation into a hot lifeless Venus. The aggravation of the global situation for the survival of countries and peoples and major military conflicts are ahead. New "green technologies" do not allow us to abandon the increasing combustion of hydrocarbons. At the same time, a secret creation of a new biological weapon of mass destruction is underway. Defense and biomedical problems in Russia are largely recognized at the level of society, the state, the military and special services. The main stages of creation and sabotage use of biological weapons are studied. The specifics of new bioterrorism technologies are analyzed. Preventive defense measures for Russia in the current conditions are substantiated. The analysis showed that the scale of financing of R&D in the field of biology, medicine, genetics in Russia since 2000 does not meet the required structural reorganization of Russian industry and new rapidly developing areas of science, engineering and technology in the world. The main results of the study, which have theoretical and practical significance, include conclusions about a significant increase in the risks of potential aggressors using biological weapons against the enemy in the context of rapid scientific and technological progress in the world, especially in biology, genetics, medicine. A conclusion is made about the need for additions and amendments to the current international and national laws in order to prevent new military-biological initiatives and projects. The necessity of forming a new military-political point of view in Russia is substantiated, that what is brewing is not just wars for the redistribution of natural resources, but genocidal wars for the survival of the strongest countries and peoples, to which our state currently belongs. Threats to Russia from bioterrorism and sabotage biological wars are surmountable, but require a mobilization economy, significant funds and resources.

Recent Advances of Organic Cocrystals in Emerging Cutting‐Edge Properties and Applications

Organic cocrystals, representing one type of new functional materials, have gathered significant interest in various engineering areas. Owing to their diverse stacking modes, rich intermolecular interactions and abundant functional components, the physicochemical properties of organic cocrystals can be tailored to meet different requirements and exhibit novel characteristics. The past few years have witnessed the rapid development of organic cocrystals in both fundamental characteristics and various applications. Beyond the typical properties like ambipolarity, emission tuning ability, ferroelectricity, etc. that are previously well demonstrated, many novel impressive and cutting‐edge properties and applications of cocrystals also emerge and advance recently. Especially during the nearest five years, photothermal conversion, room‐temperature phosphorescence, thermally activated delay fluorescence, circularly polarized luminescence, organic solid‐state lasers, near‐infrared sensing, photocatalysis, batteries, and stimuli responses have been reported. In this minireview, these new properties are carefully summarized. Besides, some neoteric architecture and methodologies, such as host‐guest structures and machine learning‐based screening, are introduced. Finally, the potential future developments and expectations for organic cocrystals are discussed for further investigation on multiple functions and applications.

Atomistic simulation on the deposition behavior of cold spray

Cold spray is an effective method for surface coating, which has been applied in various engineering areas. However, it is difficult to directly observe the dynamic deformation process in experiments. This paper applies the molecular dynamics simulation to model the deposition of a monocrystalline Cu particle onto a Cu substrate and, subsequently, carries out a systematic study on the deposition mechanism and microstructure evolution. The results indicate that the deposition process consists of an impact stage and a relaxation stage. It is mainly the high speed collision and the friction following the collision that lead to particle deposition, which, under different circumstances, can be defined as surface deposition or penetration deposition. Two methods, namely, drastic shear deformation and cooling in the relaxation stage, can help form nanocrystallines. Jetting and melting are not the necessary factors for the deposition of nano-sized particles. The formation of dislocation lines is influenced by impact velocities. At lower impact velocities, the dislocation lines are mainly distributed near the contact surface. However, when the impact velocity is higher, dislocation lines are almost uniformly distributed in the particle.

Artificial intelligence, machine learning and GIS in environmental engineering: current trends

The use of computational tools, such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning or Geographic Information Systems, has had a significant impact on the knowledge generated on environmental issues in recent years. The number of publications shown in this preliminary review of the IEEE Xplore Digital Library database shows its broad applicability and scientific relevance. Search filters and keywords such as water, air, soil, climate change, energy and waste were used. The data obtained was processed to visualize the proportion of use in key topics of environmental interest, giving scientific guidance towards the sites of greatest applicability, as well as towards areas that deserve to be reinforced. In this way, this work aims to promote the development of collaborative work solutions in the related areas of environmental and computational engineering.

Innovative Geotechnical Solutions for Sustainable Infrastructure Development

Aim: To examine innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development. Problem Statement: The advancement in the world urbanization together with high rise in global population has alarmed the need for new infrastructures with additional innovative research to be conducted with already existing assets. Thus, It is important that geotechnical engineering should include basic practices targeting resource-efficient and environment-friendly techniques in order to add to sustainable development. Significance of Study: This technical review critically examines the innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development. The content presented in this manuscript will be beneficial to professionals in the area of geotechnical engineering. Methodology: Recent relevant published articles in the area of innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development were consulted. These include journal articles, conference papers, Asian Development Bank articles and unpublished doctoral documents. Discussion: The six main environmental objectives of the Taxonomy Regulation to ensure the contours of an environmentally sustainable infrastructure were stated to include: (1) sustainable protection and use of marine and water resources (2) pollution control and prevention (3) switch to a circular economy (4) mitigation of climate change (5) restoration and protection of ecosystems and biodiversity and (6) adaptation of climate change. The three phase methods for sustainability infrastructure development in geotechnics were critically discussed. An imaginary excavation site in the municipality of Rozzano was referenced as a case study to reveal the application of the proposed methodology to the soil treatment systems. It was noticed that the adoption of an LCA introduces additional deep knowledge and the required quantitative analysis for sizing the assessment. Conclusion: The examined innovative geotechnical solutions were contributory to sustainable infrastructure development.

Regulation of microstructure, phase transformation behavior, and enhanced high superelastic cycling stability in laser direct energy deposition NiTi shape memory alloys via aging treatment

The remarkable mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, wear and corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, shape memory effect, and superelasticity of NiTi shape memory alloys make them applied in diverse engineering areas, including satellite antennas, oil pipelines, and vascular stents. This paper focuses on the preparation of Ni50.8Ti49.2 alloy via laser directed energy deposition (LDED) utilizing pre-alloyed powder and the heat treatment of solid solution at 950 °C for 8 h followed by subsequent aging at 350 °C, 450 °C and 550 °C for 2 h. The influence of varying aging temperature on the microstructures, phase transformation behavior and superelastic cyclic stability of them was comprehensively summarized and discussed. The martensitic transformation temperatures of NiTi alloys after aging decrease as the aging temperature increases. Specifically, NiTi alloys aged at 450 °C for 2 h exhibit excellent superelasticity and high cyclic stability. After an initial loading-unloading cycle with an 8.079 % pre-strain, the alloy achieves 100 % complete recovery. Even after 10 cycles, the recoverable strain remains at approximately 7.374 %, with a recovery rate exceeding 90 %. These outstanding properties of high superelasticity and superior cyclic stability are significantly better than most other LDED NiTi alloys. This exceptional performance is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of the R-phase and Ti3Ni4 precipitates on the shape memory alloy.

Application of machine learning in monitoring fouling in heat exchangers in chemical engineering: A systematic review

AbstractThe present work consists of a systematic literature review that examines studies on using machine learning to monitor fouling in heat exchangers in the chemical engineering area. The research was conducted in four renowned databases: SCOPUS, Science Direct, IEEE, and Web of Science. The main objective of the investigation was to identify the most prevalent machine learning methods, evaluate their performance, and analyze the challenges associated with their implementation and prospects. Using the StArt software, seven relevant scientific papers from the established review protocol. The most frequently identified methods were support vector machine (SVM) and k‐nearest neighbours (k‐NN), followed by decision tree. However, long‐term and short‐term predictors and long short‐term memory (LSTM) and non‐linear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) algorithms were the most successful, followed by Gaussian process regression (GPR), SVM, k‐NN, and improved grey wolf optimization–support vector regression (IGWO‐SVR) algorithms. Although these methods inspire confidence, it is important to highlight that they are still in the software testing phase. Key gaps identified include the need for further studies on real industrial applications and the integration of advanced sensors and measurement systems. Future directions point to developing more robust and generalized algorithms capable of dealing with the complexity of real systems.

On improving the efficiency of providing budgetary places in Russian universities (on the example of engineering and technical areas of study)

Relevance. In the current economic and political conditions in Russia, there is an acute shortage of welltrained engineers, and not only in the IT field. In order to overcome this problem, the state annually raises the admission target numbers (CAP) for technical educational programs. This increases the amount of public funding for universities (both per capita and for general development); it is measured in hundreds of billions of rubles, which requires studying the efficiency of resource use. The purpose of the article is, based on the results of a comprehensive empirical analysis, to identify the key problems that reduce the effectiveness of state financing of state-funded places in engineering and technical areas, and to substantiate proposals for minimizing them. Methodology and methods. The methodological basis is a systematic approach, within which general scientific methods (deduction, induction, generalization, comparative analysis, etc.) were used, as well as special economic and statistical research methods. Results and scientific novelty. It was revealed that the use of the current methodology for the distribution of CSC by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia leads to the fact that a significant part of budget places in engineering and technical areas of study are occupied by students with low (18.2% excluding IT areas) and extremely low (at least 14.5 %) by the level of incoming knowledge. In a number of areas, the proportion of such students reaches 87%, despite the fact that ¾ of the applicants have an extremely weak physical and mathematical base (within the framework of the school course). The actual scale of the problems turned out to be greater due to the non-linear scale of the Unified State Examination, “tuned” by the Ministry of Education of Russia to overestimate the score for “C” students. Taken together, this naturally leads to the training of engineers of the appropriate level at the state expense. A set of measures is substantiated to change the methodology for distributing budgetary places, aimed at improving the efficiency of the use of public funding. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, as well as by the administrations of technical universities to improve the quality of applicants for engineering education programs.

A new Approach to Hyper Dual Split Quaternions with Different Polar Representation

Hamilton first introduced quaternions in 1843 as a way to represent rotations in three dimensional space, and since then, they have become the important tool in many fields. One advantage of quaternions over other methods of representing rotations is their ability to avoid the problem of gimbal lock, which can occur when using Euler angles. Quaternions also have a relatively simple algebraic structure and can be efficiently implemented in computer algorithms. In recent years, quaternions have been used in the development of virtual reality systems and computer games, where they are used to represent orientations of objects in three-dimensional space. They have also been applied in robotics, control theory, and signal processing. Overall, quaternions have become the valuable tools in many areas of mathematics and engineering, and their usage continue to expand. Sangwine and Bihan introduced a quaternion polar representation that draws inspiration from the Cayley-Dickson form. In their formulation, they express quaternions using a complex modulus and argument. The Cayley-Dickson construction is a mathematical procedure that extends the concept of complex numbers to higher dimensions, paving the way for the development of quaternions. On the other hand, the complex argument represents the direction or orientation of the quaternion in a manner analogous to the argument of a complex number. This approach provides a concise and insightful way to represent quaternions, offering a geometric interpretation that aligns with the principles of complex analysis.