Engineering And Physical Sciences Research Council Research Articles

QUANTIFICATION OF THE ACCURACY OF IN VIVO TIBIOFEMORAL KINEMATICS CALCULATED USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND BIPLANE VIDEO X-RAY

AbstractObjectivesInvestigate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as an alternative to Computerised Tomography (CT) when calculating kinematics using Biplane Video X-ray (BVX) by quantifying the accuracy of a combined MRI-BVX methodology by comparing with results from a gold-standard bead-based method.MethodsWritten informed consent was given by one participant who had four tantalum beads implanted into their distal femur and proximal tibia from a previous study. Three-dimensional (3D) models of the femur and tibia were segmented (Simpleware Scan IP, Synopsis) from an MRI scan (Magnetom 3T Prisma, Siemens). Anatomical Coordinate Systems (ACS) were applied to the bone models using automated algorithms1. The beads were segmented from a previous CT and co-registered with the MRI bone models to calculate their positions. BVX (60 FPS, 1.25 ms pulse width) was recorded whilst the participant performed a lunge. The beads were tracked, and the ACS position of the femur and tibia were calculated at each frame (DSX Suite, C-Motion Inc.). The beads were digitally removed from the X-rays (MATLAB, MathWorks) allowing for blinded image-registration of the MRI models to the radiographs. The mean difference and standard deviation (STD) between bead-generated and image-registered bone poses were calculated for all degrees of freedom (DOF) for both bones. Using the principles defined by Grood and Suntay2, 6 DOF kinematics of the tibiofemoral joint were calculated (MATLAB, MathWorks). The mean difference and STD between these two sets of kinematics were calculated.ResultsThe absolute mean femur and tibia ACS position differences (Table 1) between the bead and image-registered poses were found to be within 0.75mm for XYZ, with all STD within ±0.5mm. Mean rotation differences for both bones were found to be within 0.2º for XYZ (Table 1). The absolute mean tibiofemoral joint translations (Table 1) were found to be within ±0.7mm for all DOF, with the smallest absolute mean in compression-distraction. The absolute mean tibiofemoral rotations were found to be within 0.25º for all DOF (Table 1), with the smallest mean was found in abduction-adduction. The largest mean and STD were found in internal-external rotation due to the angle of the X-rays relative to the joint movement, increasing the difficulty of manual image registration in that plane.ConclusionThe combined MRI-BVX method produced bone pose and tibiofemoral kinematics accuracy similar to previous CT results3. This allows for confidence in future results, especially in clinical applications where high accuracy is needed to understand the effects of disease and the efficacy of surgical interventions. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) doctoral training grant (EP/T517951/1).Declaration of Interest(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.

In the Lab: Heterogeneous Catalysis Mediated Interconversion between NAD(P)+ and NAD(P)H Accompanied by Consumption and Generation of Hydrogen

Dr. Wang is a Senior Lecturer in Chemical Engineering at Lancaster University. Prior to this, he was a Lecturer in Chemical Engineering at the University of Aberdeen, Postdoctoral Research Associate at Heriot-Watt University, where he also obtained his PhD (2014). He completed both MSc and BEng studies at Tianjin University. Wang has been the author of over 50 peer-reviewed publications, an editorial board member of Chinese Chemical Letters and his research has mainly been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Royal Society, UK Catalysis Hub and industry. Wang’s research interest ranges from reaction engineering, green energy and materials to chemicals, where heterogeneous catalysis is the core discipline. His recent work has focused on the innovative use of heterogeneous catalysts (e.g., supported metals) in enzymatic transformations via cofactor regeneration,1,2 paving the way to a potential new regeneration technology.

Similar‐to‐me effects in the grant application process: Applicants, panellists, and the likelihood of obtaining funds

We analyse if and how the characteristics of grant research panels affect the applicants' likelihood of obtaining funding and, especially, if particular types of panels favour particular types of applicants. We use the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) award decisions to test the similar‐to‐me hypothesis for the first time in the grant context. Our main results indicate that panel members tend to favour more (or penalise less) applicants with similar characteristics to them, as the similar‐to‐me hypothesis suggests. We show, for instance, that the quality of the applicants is more critical for panels of high quality than for panels of relatively lower quality, that basic‐oriented panels tend to penalise applied‐oriented applicants, and that panels with fewer female members tend to penalise teams with more female applicants. As a whole, we show that similar‐to‐me effects are simultaneously at work for a wide variety of functional, job‐related research characteristics as well as for more well‐known demographic attributes.

Physical activity in young children across developmental and health states: the ActiveCHILD study.

Evidence about physical activity of young children across developmental and health states is very limited. Using data from an inclusive UK cohort, ActiveCHILD, we investigated relationships between objectively measured physical activity, child development, social context, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Children (12-36 months), purposively sampled across health pathways, developmental abilities, and sociodemographic factors, were recruited through thirteen National Health Service organisations in England. Data were collected from 07/2017 to 08/2019 on: weekly physical activity (3-7 days) using waist-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph 3GTX); sociodemographics, parent actions, child HRQoL, and child development using questionnaires; and child health conditions using clinical records. A data-driven, unsupervised method, called hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) segmented the accelerometery data and provided estimates of the total time spent active (any intensity) and very active (greater intensity) for each child. Relationships with the explanatory factors were investigated using multiple linear regression. Physical activity data were obtained for 282 children (56% females, mean age 21 months, 37.5% with a health condition) covering all index of multiple deprivation deciles. The patterns of physical activity consisted of two daily peaks, children spending 6.44 (SD=1.39) hours active (any intensity), of which 2.78 (SD=1.38) hours very active, 91% meeting WHO guidelines. The model for total time active (any intensity) explained 24% of variance, with mobility capacity the strongest predictor (β=0.41). The model for time spent very active explained 59% of variance, with mobility capacity again the strongest predictor (β=0.76). There was no evidence of physical activity explaining HRQoL. The findings provide new evidence that young children across developmental states regularly achieve mainstream recommended physical activity levels and challenges the belief that children with development problems need lower expectations for daily physical activity compared to peers. Advancing the rights of all children to participate in physical activity requires inclusive, equally ambitious, expectations for all. Niina Kolehmainen, HEE/NIHR Integrated Clinical Academic Senior Clinical Lecturer, NIHR ICA-SCL-2015-01-00, was funded by the NIHR for this research project. Christopher Thornton, Olivia Craw, Laura Kudlek, and Laura Cutler were also funded from this award. Tim Rapley is a member of the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East and North Cumbria, with part of his time funded through the related award (NIHR200173). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, NHS, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. The work of Kianoush Nazarpour is supported by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), under grant number EP/R004242/2.

IN VIVO PILOT STUDY OF TIBIOFEMORAL KINEMATICS DURING LOADED DYNAMIC ACTIVITIES

Biplane video X-ray (BVX) – with models segmented from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – is used to directly track bones during dynamic activities. Investigating tibiofemoral kinematics helps to understand effects of disease, injury, and possible interventions.Develop a protocol and compare in-vivo kinematics during loaded dynamic activities using BVX and MRI.BVX (60 FPS) was captured whilst three healthy volunteers performed three repeats of lunge, stair ascent and gait. MRI scans were performed (Magnetom 3T Prisma, Siemens). 3D bone models of the tibia and femur were segmented (Simpleware Scan IP, Synopsis). Bone poses were obtained by manually matching bone models to X-rays (DSX Suite, C-Motion Inc.). Mean range of motion (ROM) of the contact points on the medial and lateral tibial plateau were calculated using custom MATLAB code (MathWorks). Results were filtered using an adaptive low pass Butterworth filter (Frequency range: 5-29Hz).Gait and Stair ascent activities from one participant's data showed increased ROM for medial-lateral (ML) translation in the medial compartment but decreased ROM in anterior-posterior (AP) translation when comparing against the same translations on the lateral compartment of the tibial plateau. Lunge activity showed increased ROM for both ML and AP translation in the medial compartment when compared with the lateral compartment.These results highlight the variability in condylar translations between different activities. Understanding healthy in-vivo kinematics across different activities allows the determination of suitable activities to best investigate the kinematic changes due to disease or injury and assess the efficacy of different interventions.Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) doctoral training grant (EP/T517951/1).

ClinCirc identifies alterations of the circadian peripheral oscillator in critical care patients.

BackgroundAssessing circadian rhythmicity from infrequently sampled data is challenging; however, these types of data are often encountered when measuring circadian transcripts in hospitalized patients.MethodsWe present ClinCirc. This method combines 2 existing mathematical methods (Lomb-Scargle periodogram and cosinor) sequentially and is designed to measure circadian oscillations from infrequently sampled clinical data. The accuracy of this method was compared against 9 other methods using simulated and frequently sampled biological data. ClinCirc was then evaluated in 13 intensive care unit (ICU) patients as well as in a separate cohort of 29 kidney-transplant recipients. Finally, the consequences of circadian alterations were investigated in a retrospective cohort of 726 kidney-transplant recipients.ResultsClinCirc had comparable performance to existing methods for analyzing simulated data or clock transcript expression of healthy volunteers. It had improved accuracy compared with the cosinor method in evaluating circadian parameters in PER2:luc cell lines. In ICU patients, it was the only method investigated to suggest that loss of circadian oscillations in the peripheral oscillator was associated with inflammation, a feature widely reported in animal models. Additionally, ClinCirc was able to detect other circadian alterations, including a phase shift following kidney transplantation that was associated with the administration of glucocorticoids. This phase shift could explain why a significant complication of kidney transplantation (delayed graft dysfunction) oscillates according to the time of day kidney transplantation is performed.ConclusionClinCirc analysis of the peripheral oscillator reveals important clinical associations in hospitalized patients.FundingUK Research and Innovation (UKRI), National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), National Institute on Academic Anaesthesia (NIAA), Asthma+Lung UK, Kidneys for Life.

Built in, not bolted on: responsible innovation in UK Centres for Doctoral Training – the new normal?

PurposeThe purpose of the study detailed here was to engage with Directors of Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs) during the first year of their new Centres to form a snapshot view of the nature and type of training that was being incorporated and how this might affect the wider institution – in this case the university. Using an organisational learning lens, this paper empirically examines the work-in-progress of the responsible innovation (RI) training in CDTs to assess how new RI understandings are being created, retained and transferred within the CDTs, questioning whether this process represents a programme of “institutionalisation”.Design/methodology/approachDuring the past decade, RI has become increasingly embedded within the EU and UK research context, appearing with greater frequency in funding calls and policy spaces. As part of this embedding, in its 2018 funding call for CDTs, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) required RI training to be included in the programme for all doctoral students.FindingsThe paper concludes that, at present, institutionalisation is highly variegated, with the greater organisational change required to truly embed RI mindsets.Originality/valueThe paper provides original, empirical research evidence of RI institutionalisation in UK CDTs, and, using a “learning organisation” lens, examines areas of value to both RI and learning organisation theory.

Optimal Interfacial Band Bending Achieved by Fine Energy Level Tuning in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

The authors acknowledge the funding of UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Plastic Electronics Doctoral Training Centre (EP/L016702/1) and KP Technology Ltd for EPSRC CASE studentships. This research was also supported by the UK EPSRC ATIP Programme Grant (EP/T028513/1) and the Global Research Laboratory Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2017K1A1A2 013153).

UK Acoustics Network and International Year of Sound

In 2017, the UK's Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) funded a project to create the new Acoustics Network of research active acousticians in the UK (UKAN). The main aim of UKAN was to bring together researchers working in different areas of acoustics to enhance communication between groups, provide a focus for collaboration and innovation, and to maximise the future impact of acoustics-based research in the UK. UKAN works closely with the UK Institute of Acoustics and other professional bodies in the UK and overseas to promote the wider importance of acoustics and to raise its profile nationally and internationally via a range of research exchanges, workshops and public engagement events. The duration of the UKAN grant overlapped well with the International Year of Sound (IYS), its representatives took active part in the IYS Launch Event in January 2020 and continued to support IYS activities throughout 2020/21 despite of the pandemics. The successful UKAN’s operation paved the foundation for securing funding for UKAN + EPSRC grant that started in April 2021. This paper presents a summary of the accomplishments by UKAN/UKAN + and its wider role in planning and supporting of the activities related to the International Year of Sound.

Introduction to LIM from the Series Chair

The London Imaging Meeting is a yearly topics-based conference organized by the Society of Imaging Science and technology (IS&T), in collaboration with the Institute of Physics (IOP) and the Royal Photographic Society. This year's topic was "Imaging for Deep Learning". At the heart of our conference were five focal talks given by worldrenowned experts in the field (who then also organised the related sessions). Focal speakers were Dr. Seyed Ali Amirshahi, NTNU, Norway (Image Quality); Prof. Jonas Unger, Linköping University, Sweden (Datasets for Deep Learning); Prof. Simone Bianco, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italy (Color Constancy); Dr. Valentina Donzella, University of Warwick, UK (Imaging Performance); and Dr. Ray Ptucha, Apple Inc. US (Characterization and Optimization). We also had two superb keynote speakers. Thanks to Dr. Robin Jenkin, Nvidia, for his talk on "Camera Metrics for Autonomous Vision" and to Dr. Joyce Farrell, Stanford University, for her talk on "Soft Prototyping Camera Designs for Autonomous Driving". As a new innovation this year—and to support the remit of LIM to reach out to students in the field—we included an invited tutorial research lecture. Given by Prof. Stephen Westland, University of Leeds, the presentation titled "Using Imaging Data for Efficient Colour Design" looked at deep learning techniques in the field of design and demonstrated that simple applications of deep learning can deliver excellent results. There were many strong contenders for the LIM Best Paper Award. Noteworthy, honourable mentions include "Portrait Quality Assessment using Multi-scale CNN", N. Chahine and S. Belkarfa, DXOMARK' "HDR4CV: High dynamic range dataset with adversarial illumination for testing computer vision methods", P. Hanjil et al., University of Cambridge; "Natural Scene Derived Camera Edge Spatial Frequency Response for Autonomous Vision Systems", O. van Zwanenberg et al., University of Westminster; and "Towards a Generic Neural Network Architecture for Approximating Tone Mapping Algorithms", J. McVey and G. Finlayson, University of East Anglia. But, by a unanimous vote, this year's Best Paper was awarded to "Impact of the Windshield's Optical Aberrations on Visual Range Camera-based Classification Tasks Performed by CNNs", C. Krebs, P. Müller, and A. Braun, (Hochschule Düsseldorf) (University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf), Germany. We thank everyone who helped make LIM a success including the IS&T office, and the LIM presenters, reviewers, focal speakers, and keynotes, as well as the audience, who participated in making the event engaging and vibrant. This year, the conference was run by the IOP and we are extremely grateful for their help in hosting the event. A final special thanks go to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) who provided funding through the grant EP/S028730/1. Finally, we are pleased to announce that next year's LIM conference will be in the area of "Displays"; the conference chair is Dr. Rafal Mantiuk, University of Cambridge. —Prof. Graham Finlayson, LIM series chair, and Prof. Sophie Triantaphillidou, LIM2021 conference chair

A Pilot Study for Evaluating Economic and Societal Impact of Engineering Research

Quantitative estimation of research societal and economic impact remains an ongoing issue. This is due to the difficulty to attribute specific economic or societal impact to particular research activity. Nevertheless, evaluating research impact is necessary to justify research spending especially for engineering research studies, as they are generally more costly than humanities or social studies for example. This work considered research impact evaluation in NSF (The National Science Foundation in the USA), EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council in the UK), and TRC (The Research Council in Oman) to propose a low-cost survey-based approach to evaluate the engineering research impact. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to all faculty staff at the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) to assess their recent research impact in the years 2016 and 2017. The evaluation was carried at three levels; knowledge, societal, and economic impact. The results of the study were compared with an independent study produced by an international consultancy group. This study offers an important contribution to ‎the subject of evaluating impact factors of engineering research in Oman.
 Keywords: SQU; societal impact; socioeconomic impact; NSF; EPSRC; RAND; TRC; knowledge impact; Oman

Hydroinformatics education – the Water Informatics in Science and Engineering (WISE) Centre for Doctoral Training

Abstract. The Water Informatics in Science and Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training (WISE CDT) offers a postgraduate programme that fosters enhanced levels of innovation and collaboration by training a cohort of engineers and scientists at the boundary of water informatics, science and engineering. The WISE CDT was established in 2014 with funding from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) amongst the universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. The WISE CDT will ultimately graduate over 80 PhD candidates trained in a non-traditional 4-year UK doctoral programme that integrates teaching and research elements in close collaboration with a range of industrial partners. WISE focuses on cohort-based education and equips the PhD candidates with a wide range of skills developed through workshops and other activities to maximise candidate abilities and experiences. We discuss the need for, the structure and results of the WISE CDT, which has been ongoing from 2013–2022 (final year of graduation). We conclude with lessons learned and an outlook for PhD training, based on our experience with this programme.

High infectiousness immediately before COVID-19 symptom onset highlights the importance of continued contact tracing.

Understanding changes in infectiousness during SARS-COV-2 infections is critical to assess the effectiveness of public health measures such as contact tracing. Here, we develop a novel mechanistic approach to infer the infectiousness profile of SARS-COV-2-infected individuals using data from known infector-infectee pairs. We compare estimates of key epidemiological quantities generated using our mechanistic method with analogous estimates generated using previous approaches. The mechanistic method provides an improved fit to data from SARS-CoV-2 infector-infectee pairs compared to commonly used approaches. Our best-fitting model indicates a high proportion of presymptomatic transmissions, with many transmissions occurring shortly before the infector develops symptoms. High infectiousness immediately prior to symptom onset highlights the importance of continued contact tracing until effective vaccines have been distributed widely, even if contacts from a short time window before symptom onset alone are traced. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

Relaxed Current Matching Requirements in Highly Luminescent Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells and Their Fundamental Efficiency Limits.

Perovskite-based tandem solar cells are of increasing interest as they approach commercialization. Here we use experimental parameters from optical spectroscopy measurements to calculate the limiting efficiency of perovskite–silicon and all-perovskite two-terminal tandems, employing currently available bandgap materials, as 42.0% and 40.8%, respectively. We show luminescence coupling between subcells (the optical transfer of photons from the high-bandgap to low-bandgap subcell) relaxes current matching when the high-bandgap subcell is a luminescent perovskite. We calculate that luminescence coupling becomes important at charge trapping rates (≤106 s–1) already being achieved in relevant halide perovskites. Luminescence coupling increases flexibility in subcell thicknesses and tolerance to different spectral conditions. For maximal benefit, the high-bandgap subcell should have the higher short-circuit current under average spectral conditions. This can be achieved by reducing the bandgap of the high-bandgap subcell, allowing wider, unstable bandgap compositions to be avoided. Lastly, we visualize luminescence coupling in an all-perovskite tandem through cross-section luminescence imaging.

Translating from Egg- to Antigen-Based Indicators for <i>Schistosoma Mansoni</i> Elimination Targets: A Bayesian Latent Class Analysis Study

Background: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease infecting over 240-million people. World Health Organization (WHO) targets for Schistosoma mansoni elimination are based on faecal egg counts (FEC), without translation to the widely-used, urine-based, point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen diagnostic (POC-CCA). We aimed to standardise POC-CCA score interpretation and translate them to FEC-based standards, broadening diagnostic utility in progress towards elimination. Methods: A Bayesian latent-class model was fit to data from 210 school-aged-children over four timepoints pre- to six-months-post-treatment. We used 1) FEC and established POC-CCA scoring (Negative, Trace, +, ++ and +++), and 2) FEC and G-Scores (a new, alternative scoring (G1 to G10)). We established the relationship between FECs and POC-CCA scores, and the score-associated probability of true infection. A simulation parametrised with model estimates established antigen-based elimination targets. Findings: True infection was associated with POC-CCA scores of ≥ + or ≥G3. POC-CCA scores cannot predict FECs because low FECs saturate POC-CCA cassettes. Post-treatment POC-CCA sensitivity/specificity fluctuations indicate a changing relationship between egg excretion and antigen levels (living worms). Elimination targets can be identified by the POC-CCA score distribution in a population. A population with ≤2% ++ and above, or ≤1% G7 and above indicates achieving current FEC-based elimination targets. Interpretation: Population-level POC-CCA scores (either scoring method) can be used to access WHO elimination targets prior to treatment. Caution should be excersied on an individual level and following treatment as POC-CCAs lack resolution to discern between WHO FEC-based moderate- and high-intensity infection categories with limited use in certain settings and evaluations. Funding: This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) [ERC Starting Grant number SCHISTO_PERSIST_680088 to PHLL]; Wellcome Trust [grant number 204820/Z/16/Z to PHLL]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [grant number EP/T003618/1 to JMP and PHLL and grant number EP/R01437X/1 to PI J. Cooper and PHLL, University of Glasgow ]; Medical Research Council [grant number MR/P025447/1 to PHLL] Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: Ethical Approval was granted from the Vector Control Division Research Ethics Committee (VCDREC/062), Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST-HS 2193) and University of Glasgow Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Research Ethics Committee (200160068).

Ion-Exchange Materials for Membrane Capacitive Deionization

The authors acknowledge the UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Grant EP/L01548X/1 for funding R.M.’s doctoral studies through the University of Manchester’s Graphene NOWNANO CDT account. The research reported in this publication was supported by funding from KAUST.

Organisational institutionalisation of responsible innovation

We describe the institutionalisation of responsible innovation (RI) over the last decade at the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and universities funded by it as a focal point for RI in the UK. Drawing on organisational theory we identify factors influencing the dynamics of RI institutionalisation, including forces of legitimation, entrepreneurship and decoupling. We report significant institutionalisation at the EPSRC prior to 2013, when it published its RI policy. Notwithstanding instances of experimentation and assimilation since, we report limited institutionalisation within research communities in universities as RI has encountered competing institutional logics, responsibility norms and epistemic practices. Our findings suggest an ongoing and dynamic process of translation that reflects RI's status as a performative and contested discourse ‘in the making’.

Gravity sensing: cold atom trap onboard a 6U CubeSat

“Cold atoms” can be used as ultra-sensitive sensors for measuring accelerations and are capable of mapping changes in the strength of gravity across the surface of the Earth. They could offer significant benefits to existing space based gravity sensing capabilities. Gravity sensors in space are already used for many Earth observation applications including monitoring polar ice mass, ocean currents and sea level. Cold atom sensors could enable higher resolution measurements which would allow monitoring of smaller water sources and discovery of new underground natural resources which are currently undetectable. The adoption of cold atom technology is constrained by low technology readiness level (TRL). Teledyne e2v and its partners are addressing this maturity gap through project Cold Atom Space PAyload (CASPA) which is an Innovate UK and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funded project, involving the University of Birmingham as science lead, XCAM, Clyde Space, Covesion, Gooch & Housego, and the University of Southampton. Through the CASPA project the consortium have built and vibration tested a 6U (approximate dimensions: 100 × 200 × 300 mm) cube Satellite (CubeSat) that is capable of laser cooling atoms down to 100’s of micro kelvin, as a pre-cursor to gravity sensors for future Earth observation missions.

Correction to 'Underwater caustics disrupt prey detection by a reef fish'.

You have accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Matchette S. R., Cuthill I. C., Cheney K. L., Marshall N. J. and Scott-Samuel N. E. 2020Correction to ‘Underwater caustics disrupt prey detection by a reef fish’Proc. R. Soc. B.2872020157220201572http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1572SectionYou have accessCorrectionsCorrection to ‘Underwater caustics disrupt prey detection by a reef fish’ S. R. Matchette S. R. Matchette http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8275 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , I. C. Cuthill I. C. Cuthill http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5007-8856 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , K. L. Cheney K. L. Cheney http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-9494 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , N. J. Marshall N. J. Marshall http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-6713 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and N. E. Scott-Samuel N. E. Scott-Samuel Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author S. R. Matchette S. R. Matchette http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8275 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , I. C. Cuthill I. C. Cuthill http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5007-8856 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , K. L. Cheney K. L. Cheney http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-9494 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , N. J. Marshall N. J. Marshall http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-6713 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and N. E. Scott-Samuel N. E. Scott-Samuel Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:15 July 2020https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1572This article corrects the followingResearch ArticleUnderwater caustics disrupt prey detection by a reef fishhttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2453 S. R. Matchette, I. C. Cuthill, K. L. Cheney, N. J. Marshall and N. E. Scott-Samuel volume 287issue 1924Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences01 April 2020Proc. R. Soc. B287, 20192453 (Published Online 1 April 2020) (doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.2453)The reason for correction:Essential information was missing from the funding statement of our paper. It should read:FundingThis work was supported by S.M.’s CASE Studentship (EP/M006905/1) from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK, and QinetiQ plc.Footnotes© 2020 The Author(s)Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Previous Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsRelated articlesUnderwater caustics disrupt prey detection by a reef fish01 April 2020Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences This Issue29 July 2020Volume 287Issue 1931 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1572PubMed:32673557Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:1471-2954History: Published online15/07/2020Published in print29/07/2020 License:© 2020 The Author(s)Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Citations and impact Subjectsbehaviourcomputational biologyecology Large datasets are available through Proceedings B's partnership with Dryad

The SAFER geodatabase for the Kathmandu Valley: Geotechnical and geological variability

The Kathmandu Valley is within a seismically active region with only few recorded strong-motion data. Geophysical information in the Valley is also sparse. In addition, the absence of an open database which compiles in situ geophysical tests, borehole records, and geotechnical laboratory data is affecting the advancement of knowledge in the region. This article presents SAFER/GEO-591 database, named after the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)-funded project Seismic Safety and Resilience of Schools in Nepal (SAFER). SAFER/GEO-591 contains data from groundwater wells and boreholes originally commissioned for research and commercial purposes. This work describes (1) the quality assessment and harmonization process conducted on the dataset, (2) the variation of shear-wave velocity ( VS) measurements and geotechnical parameters with depth and elevation in the Valley, (3) the current understanding of the Valley sediment/bedrock topography, and finally (4) new geological cross sections. A companion article presents an updated VS30map across the Valley based on the contributions of this article. The database can be downloaded from the University of Bristol repository via DOI: https://doi.org/10.5523/bris.3gjcvx51lnpuv269xsa1yrb0rw