Engine Oil Change Research Articles

PELATIHAN SERVIS RINGAN KENDARAAN SEPEDA MOTOR BAGI MASYARAKAT DESA RIDOGALIH

Motorbikes are a means of transportation that is often used in daily activities, the development of increasingly sophisticated technology has begun to be combined with the help of electronic control circuits such as injection systems to control combustion in the motorcycle combustion chamber or indicators to show hot engine temperatures that make it easier for motorcycle owners to carry out vehicle maintenance. Therefore, due to the lack of workshops or vehicle service services, here the author will share information about motorcycle maintenance that can be done by yourself to save costs and can be developed as a form of business, such as a workshop. With this lack of information, most people only use motorbikes for their daily needs and ignore motorcycle maintenance. Here the author will educate the community on how to maintain their two-wheeled vehicles in Citeureup 1 hamlet by socializing the importance of maintaining two-wheeled vehicles, training on maintaining two-wheeled vehicles, and evaluation to ensure that the community can maintain their own motorbikes. This program also has the aim that the people of Sirnajaya Village, Serang Baru District, Bekasi Regency are able to maintain their own motorbikes and can be developed as a form of business, namely a workshop. Based on the light service training, there are several impacts, among others can increase understanding related to light service procedures such as engine oil change, axle oil, CVT maintenance and replacement of front brake lining and understand about safety riding and have understood how to drive properly.

Impact of Engine Oil change on vehicular exhaust emissions

This study looked at how engine oil changes affected vehicle emissions from a variety of fuel sources and vehicle classes. Using portable emission analyzers, each car was initially examined and evaluated for baseline emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke opacity (for diesel vehicles). Emissions were retested in the identical settings after a routine engine oil change. According to the findings, all vehicle kinds' emissions are considerably decreased by using new engine oil. Automobiles, motorbikes, and motorcycle rickshaws that run on gasoline demonstrated CO reductions ranging from 9% to 67% and HC reductions from 21% to 52%. With a reduction of 37.5% in smoke, the diesel bus showed a noteworthy decrease in CO, HC, and smoke emissions. The autorickshaw running on LPG showed the most gains, with CO and HC emissions falling by 60% and 49%, respectively. This study emphasizes how crucial routine engine oil changes are for reducing vehicle emissions, which can enhance air quality and protect the environment.

Studies on Engine Oil Degradation Characteristics in a Field Test with Passenger Cars

Nowadays, a car’s engine oil change interval is an essential factor in reducing wear. The correct choice depends on various factors. This study analyzes the changes in the composition of three different engine oils (0W30, 5W30, and 5W40) during the generally accepted oil change interval (15,000 km) in gasoline and diesel cars during the post-warranty period. Commercially available low-level biofuel blends (B7 and E10) were used to power test vehicles in a field test. Engine oil samples were taken every 3000 km for more detailed analysis and tested in an accredited laboratory. The contaminants in the engine oil were determined using several testing methods: spectrometric analysis, gas chromatography, etc. Studies have shown that all used cars have an increase in the number of iron particles, an increased concentration of silicon, and also an increase in the number of nickel particles above 12,000 km. Tests also showed a sharp drop of molybdenum anti-friction additives 4.5 times and a gradual increase in fuel concentration for the Opel Insignia over 12,000 km, but over 9000 km, a significant increase in the concentration of chromium particles. Based on this research results, it is preferable to choose a maintenance interval of no more than 12,000 km for cars during the post-warranty period. In this way, the intensity of engine wear can be reduced due to the loss of adequate protective properties of the engine oil.

Heavy metal content in used engine oils depending on engine type and oil change interval

Heavy metal content in used engine oils depending on engine type and oil change interval

Assessment of oil change intervals in urban buses based on the selected physicochemical properties of used engine oils

The paper presents the results of the analysis of selected physicochemical parameters of engine oils after their use. The oils were obtained both from urban buses belonging to the fleet of a municipal transport company in Lublin, Poland but also from the city of Pardubice in the Czech Republic. Five samples of 10W/40 semi-synthetic oil and four samples of 5W/30 synthetic oil were tested. Kinematic viscosity at 40°C and 100°C, oxidation, nitration, sulfonation, total acid number (TAN), total base number (TBN), remaining antiwear additives, water content, and glycol content, were assessed using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The tests were performed on the basis of the ASTM E2412-10 standard. The article also presents the exceedance of the limit values results for the selected parameters. The results of the research can be used in optimizing the engine oil change interval so that the decision to replace the oil is justified both in economic and technical terms, taking into account the need to maintain the service life of the bus.

Methodology for energy savings assessment, at engine oil change of road vehicles

The presented paper reveals the possibilities of the implementation of a methodology for evaluating energy savings, at changing the engine oil of different road vehicles. The purpose of the developed methodology is to provide an opportunity to evaluate the energy consumption before and after changing the engine oil of the vehicle. The conditions, the practical procedures and the mechanism for evaluating the energy savings after changing engine oils of vehicles are defined. Changing the engine oil of the car covers the replacement of the old oil with a new one within the maximum mileage determined by the manufacturer. The results of the application of the methodology for certain categories of cars allow an easy process of monitoring and verification. And finally, a computational example is considered, proving that the methodology gives correct results for the evaluation of energy savings, after the replacement of the engine oil of the vehicle.

Факторы увеличения срока замены моторного масла в автомобильных дизельных двигателях

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the potential for increasing the replacement period of engine oil in modern and promising automotive engines should have not only a marketing basis, but also a scientific justification for its implementation. The aim of the study is to reduce the unit cost of maintenance of automobile engines by increasing the timing of engine oil change. A particular task within the framework of this article is to establish the factors that cause an increase in the period for replacing engine oil in automobile diesel engines (on the example of the KAMAZ R6 family). The methodological apparatus for solving this problem was based on an in-depth analysis of previously obtained results of experimental studies of the patterns of «aging» of motor oils in diesel engines of the KAMAZ V8 family, depending on various factors in conjunction with the criterion of «rigidity» of the engine oil. For the first time, a quantitative assessment of the influence of the identified factors on the increase in the oil change period is given (ceteris paribus): – the use of oils of higher classes in terms of performance – for example, the transition from CD to CF-4 / SG according to API – by 4,4 times; – reduction of sulfur content in fuel - for example, for the API CG-4 class with a decrease from 0,05% to 0,035% – by 2,6 times, for the API CI-4 class with a decrease from 0,035% to 0,001% – in 2,3 times; – reduction of the criterion of «rigidity» of oil operation A – for example, for API CF-4 / SG class with a decrease (in terms of engine power) from A = 770 to A = 550 – 4 times; for the API CI-4/CG-4 class with a decrease (in terms of oil sump capacity) from A = 1176 to A = 835 – by 2,8 times, and to A = 640 – by 3,1 times. The basic requirements for engine oil of engines of the KAMAZ R6 family are formulated. The selected oils of two brands provided a test-confirmed increase to 150 thousand km. replacement period, and therefore were approved for use by the manufacturer of KAMAZ PJSC. The theoretical value for the development of the branch of science «Operation of road transport» lies in the fact that the identified factors and patterns contribute to the study of the efficiency, quality, characteristics, performance indicators of automotive operating materials. The author sees further research based on this work in a formalized assessment of the influence of the factors under consideration on the period of replacement of engine oil.

Effective use of motor oil resources of the tractor of the company “Claas” in the conditions of Uzbekistan

AnnotationThe article describes in detail the reliable operation of modern high-performance and complex “CLAAS” techniques, the correct selection of lubricants and compliance with the optimal operating procedure, as well as the results of the analysis of friction elements of motor oils. It is necessary to compare the quality indicators determined on the basis of research and the concentration of friction elements in the oil with standard values. In order to determine the recommended engine oil change intervals in the engines of CLAAS tractors, it is necessary to determine their quality indicators and the concentration of friction elements in the oil. In order to maintain the performance of the oil, it is recommended to add additives during operation. Study of wear conditions of oils used in internal combustion engines. Determination and justification of the limit working life of oils used in internal combustion engines. Study and justification of properties of interchangeable oils used in internal combustion engines. It is necessary to develop scientific justification and recommendations for increasing the service life of the oils used in internal combustion engines.

Обоснование потенциала увеличения интервала замены моторного масла двигателя КАМАЗ Р-6

Abstract. The article is devoted to solving the actual scientific and practical problem of substantiating at the design stage the potential for increasing the frequency of maintenance of an automobile diesel engine, which is distinguished by an improved design, improved indicators of reliability, efficiency, environmental friendliness and quality of the operating materials used. The general goal of scientific research is to reduce operating costs and increase the efficiency of using cars with high-tech engines by increasing the frequency of their maintenance. The solution of the problem within the framework of this article is to establish the factors that affect the potential for increasing the engine oil change interval, taking into account modern and future requirements for automotive diesel engines. The methodological apparatus for solving this problem consisted in an analytical study of many years of experience in designing, manufacturing, testing and operating engines of the KAMAZ V8 family, as well as engines from leading world manufacturers. It has been established that for modern high-tech automotive diesel engines, the potential for increasing the engine oil change interval is a combination of a set of factors, namely: the use of diesel fuel with a minimum sulfur content; reduction of heat stress of lubricated parts. The main results are that specific basic requirements have been formulated for engine oil, diesel fuel, design and manufacturing technologies for parts, assemblies, diesel engine systems to increase the frequency of maintenance and oil change intervals for engines of the new KAMAZ R6 family. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that a complex of factors has been identified, the combination of which affects the reduction in the rate of deterioration of the quality indicators of engine oil, taking into account which allows increasing the intervals for its replacement during the operation of a diesel engine. The theoretical value for the development of the branch of science “Operation of road transport” lies in the fact that the identified factors and relationships contribute to the study and improvement of the processes of organizing car maintenance, which helps to increase their operational reliability and operational efficiency. The direction of further research is the solution of the following complex task — bench and operational tests of the engine of the new KAMAZ R6 family to confirm the validity of the potential for increasing the frequency of maintenance.

Verification Measurement of Laboratory Test Equipment for Evaluation of Technical Properties of Automotive Oil Filters

By simulating the operating conditions, it is possible to verify and evaluate the technical properties of motor vehicle oil filters and the functionality of the designed equipment. Contaminated engine oil from operation was used with MANN W950/26 oil filter and a CNH Industrial 2992242 oil filter in the test circuit. Before use, the level of engine oil contamination in the test circuit was determined by evaluating the physicochemical properties. The laboratory test equipment also allows monitoring the technical life of oil filters, with variously contaminated engine oil, with the possibility of extending engine oil change service intervals depending on changes in the physicochemical properties of engine oil and filter efficiency. These laboratory tests can be performed in parallel in two hydraulic circuits, which can significantly reduce the testing time of the filter capabilities of oil filters, without the risk of engine damage, provided that the tests were performed under operating conditions. The results of the evaluation of the filtration capacity of oil filters can be used in the design of new filter materials, but also with a suitably determined methodology of oil filter replacement and engine oil change interval, it is possible to extend replacement intervals, which has a significant benefit not only from an economic but also ecological point of view. The result of the measurements is the confirmation of the functionality of the device with the possibility of simulating the operating conditions, at different degrees of oil contamination, at different operating temperatures and using different oil filters.

Prediction of oil dilution formation rate due to post injections in diesel engines by using Gaussian process

Post-injection strategies are commonly used in diesel engines for various purposes, such as cleaning diesel particulate filters from soot, heat-up and heat maintenance strategies. Usage of post injections in diesel engines with upcoming legislation is expected to be increased because of increasing regeneration frequencies, de-sulfation of catalysts and challenges in cold emission. Post injections with retarded timing and high quantity under certain charge conditions can cause oil dilution by creating liquid fuel impingement on lubricated cylinder walls and the fuel absorption into the oil film. Fuel contamination to engine oil can cause deterioration in oil properties. Engine components can only bear a certain level of degradation in oil properties. Thus, exceeding a certain level of oil dilution should be avoided not to harm engine durability. The engine oil must be replaced within a specific interval due to various mechanisms affecting engine oil lubrication performance such as ageing, soot content etc. Depending on the fuel rate going into the engine oil, oil dilution due to post injections can limit engine oil change intervals. Engine oil change interval is essential for the cost of ownership and environment. Parameters such as charge conditions at post-injection timing and post-injection configuration are effective over the formation rate of oil dilution due to post injections. Therefore, the formation rate of oil dilution due to post injections must be minimized and modelled not to exceed a specific limit in different cycles. With this study, a series of engine testing is conducted to investigate the correlation between empirical spray parameters and fuel in oil formation rate due to post injections. During the studies, various charge conditions and post-injection configurations were tested. In addition to fuel addition to oil, fuel evaporation from oil was also investigated. A correlation between penetration depth and the formation rate of oil dilution was observed. However, a correlation between Sauter means diameter and formation rate of oil dilution was only kept when penetration depth was filtered within a specific range in test results. Evaporation of fuel in oil has shown an asymptotic behaviour based on test duration and initial heavy fraction ratio under constant oil temperature conditions. A statistical modelling approach is applied to predict the formation rate of oil dilution as a function of normalized spray penetration depth, Sauter means diameter and engine speed. Moreover, such a model was validated over various transient cycles.

Determination of engine oil change interval for patrol engines based on actual operating time

Introduction. This paper shows the results of a study of the frequency of maintenance of passenger cars in various operating conditions, and provides recommendations for replacing the engine oil of gasoline engines (category SN classification according to API) according to the actual engine operating time (moto-hours). The service book of passenger cars contains the regulations for car maintenance with a list of operations that must be performed. The oil change intervals specified in the Regulations on Maintenance and Repair of Rolling Stock of motor Transport and the factory instructions do not take into account the specifics of the operation of vehicles. Depending on the road and climatic conditions and the operating mode, the standard maintenance schedule can be adjusted, in particular, the frequency of engine oil changes. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the intervals of car maintenance for specific operating conditions.Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of Russian and foreign car maintenance systems, in particular, the oil change intervals of gasoline engines in European countries, the United States and Japan.The results of operational and resource tests of motor oils of gasoline engines carried out by methods of measuring their physical and chemical properties are presented.Results. In this paper, based on the analysis of the problem, recommendations for changing oil in gasoline engines by motorcycle hours for the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan (RD) are developed.The use of external and built-in technical means for calculating the motor hours allows you to determine the recommended oil change interval.Discussion and conclusion. In this paper, on the basis of research on a certain number of vehicles operating in various (including difficult) conditions, recommendations are developed that allow you to determine the rules of car maintenance for various operating conditions.

Theoretical aspects of assessing the residual engine oil resource

The article reflects issues related to changes in the properties of engine oil during operation. Proposals are considered for creating a methodology for assessing the residual resource of engine oil by the example of changing the kinematic viscosity. The operating conditions of cars vary greatly, which affects the change in the engine oil resource. Automotive manufacturers set the engine oil change interval in kilometers. The actual resource of the engine oil may differ significantly from that recommended by the manufacturer of the equipment and declared by the manufacturer of the oil. The article presents the factors that determine the resource of engine oil and theoretical aspects of assessing the residual resource of engine oil. To assess the residual life of the engine oil, it is proposed to select a diagnostic indicator that comprehensively evaluates the state of the operating oil, assign limit values for the diagnostic indicator, fix the values of the diagnostic indicator during daily maintenance of the car, replace the dependence by which the diagnostic indicator changes with an approximating straight line, determine the coefficients for the approximating direct based on the last and previous values of the diagnostic indicator and operating time, calculate the engine oil operating time to the limit state according to a linear relationship The results of testing and forecasting the residual resource of engine oil for a motor transport enterprise are presented. Calculations made it possible to establish that the frequency of engine oil change can be increased relative to that adopted at a motor transport company by 28.3%.

Determination of Tractor Engine Oil Change Interval Based on Material Properties.

This article focuses on the issue of motor oils used in the engines of non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), more specifically tractors. The primary goal of the paper is to determine the appropriate replacement interval for these oils. The physical properties of the examined samples were first determined by conventional instruments. Furthermore, the concentrations of abrasive metals, contaminants, and additive elements were measured using an optical emission spectrometer. Lastly, the content of water, fuel, and glycol and the products of oxidation, nitration, and sulfation were determined by using infrared spectrometry. The measured values were compared to the limit values. Based on the processing and evaluation of these analyses, the overall condition of the oils was assessed and subsequently the optimal exchange interval of the examined oils was determined. In addition, a risk analysis of the outage was performed. Due to the high yields of crops, farmers can lose a significant amount of product when a tractor is not functioning during the harvest period. This loss is calculated in the paper.

Oil Consumption in 4WD Farm Tractors Used in Forestry Operations

Farm tractors are still widely used in many forestry operations. Predicting fuel and lubricant costs is difficult because their consumption depends on a number of factors such as hours worked and operations performed. Fuel and lubricant consumption is important since it can have an impact at both the economic and environmental level. Many fuel models have been studied in the last decades, but few studies have focused on oil consumption. The ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) Standard suggested a model for predicting engine oil consumption of farm tractors of the 1980s, which are potentially different from modern tractor engines. In addition, the recent widespread application of semi- and full-power-shift and continuous variable transmissions and the high number of hydraulic applications increased the amount of lubrication oil for transmission and hydraulic systems.For these reasons, we analysed 133 4WD recent model farm tractors used in forest operations with the aim to study:Þ engine, transmission and hydraulic system oil capacitiesÞ engine oil change intervals as recommended by the manufacturers.A new equation for engine oil consumption, as a function of the rated engine power, was first used and statistically analysed. It was similar to the equation developed by other authors (with a mean difference of 28%, decreasing to 11% at the highest engine power), but well below the ASABE model (with an average engine oil consumption three times higher). Another equation of total oil consumption related to the rated engine power was then studied and compared with a recent study. The results showed an average difference of 18%, decreasing to 8% at the highest engine power. The differences, due to a different machine dataset (only 4WD farm tractors that can be used for forestry operations were analysed) are, however, minimal also in the engine oil consumption model if compared with the oldest ones: a new proposal is therefore necessary, with new and affordable models for correctly evaluating economic and environmental forestry operation costs when using farm tractors.

USAGE OF HIGH-QUALITY ENGINE OILS WITH EXTENDED REPLACEMENT INTERVALS: FEATURES OF THE EQUIPMENT OPERATION

Introduction. The effective operation of cars largely depends on the state of the engines, their downtime in maintenance and repair. Since the maintenance of modern engines is often reduced to the replacement of engine oil, the increase in the duration of its work significantly reduces maintenance costs and downtime in maintenance. Long maintenance-free operation of the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles is directly related to the state of the engine oil used in this power unit. The aim of the paper is to show the features of the equipment operation with significant intervals of the engine oils’ replacement in order to increase the efficiency of its usage. The paper presents data on the features of the equipment operation when using high-quality motor oils with extended replacement intervals.Materials and methods. The authors conducted performance tests on the basis of MercedesBenzAxor, MercedesBenzActros cars. The manufacturer provided an estimate of the performance of engine oils. The main performance characteristics of motor oils were assessed using standard methods: kinematic viscosity was measured using a Stabinger viscosimeter, the base number was determined by an automatic AT-500 titrator, the content of wear products was obtained using an ASP-coupled emission spectrophotometer.Results. As a result, the authors presented data on the dependence of the changes in the main indicators of engine oil performance while the operating time and also substantiated the requirements for the volumes of fresh engine oil to compensate losses.Discussion and conclusions. The intermediate control allows detecting faults in the internal car engines, as well as providing the most accurate prediction of the resource of the lubricant under consideration. Therefore, the increasing of the engine oil change interval allows getting a significant economic effect.

Optimization of internal combustion engine oil change periods

It is vitally important for vehicle users that are to study the operating regime that may negative effect to the operation of the engine, to reduce its effect, to maintain the engine's reliability in accordance with the specific operating conditions. Quality of lubrication is one of the main factors that are improving of reliability and operational efficiency for any machinery their spare parts. So this paper presents to optimize of oil change intervals and to determine of wear rating of spare parts by content of metal particles in the internal combustion engine used oil.
 Дотоод шаталтат хөдөлгүүрийн тос солих хугацааг оновчлох нь
 Хураангуй: Машин ашиглагчдын хувьд тухайн хөдөлгүүрийн ажиллагаанд сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлэх ашиглалтын горимыг судалж, түүний хор нөлөөг багасгах болон ашиглалтын өвөрмөц нөхцөлд тохируулан хөдөлгүүрийн найдварт ажиллагааг ханган зөв, ашигтай ажиллуулах чадвартай байх нь асар их ач холбогдолтой юм. Аливаа машин техник , тэдгээрийн агрегат, зангилаа эд ангийн удаан эдлэхүй, найдвартай ажиллагааг хангах, ашиглалтын үр ашгийг дээшлүүлэх гол хүчин зүйлүүдийн нэг нь тосолгооны чанар байдаг учраас дотоод шаталтат хөдөлгүүрийн ашигласан тосон дахь металлын агууламжыг илрүүлж, эд ангийн элэгдлийн явцыг тодорхойлон, тос солих хугацааг оновчлох асуудлыг судалгааны хүрээнд авч үзлээ. 
 Түлхүүр үг: Хөдөлгүүрийн ашигласан тосны шинжилгээ, металл хольц, тосны бохирдол, тортог, элэгдлийн элементийн хязгаар

A novel biomass lubricant filter and its effect on gasoline engine emissions and fuel economy

With the increasing number of light-duty passenger car, a large amount of waste engine oil was produced yearly which has polluted the environment and wasted fossil resources. Extend engine oil drain interval and reduce its effect on engine emission is of great importance. In this paper, a kind of modified-sawdust engine oil filter was developed and the study focus on its effect on the emission characteristics and fuel consumption rate of spark ignite gasoline engine. This modified-sawdust engine oil filter was also compared with common oil filter. The tests were performed in four-cylinder direct injection gasoline engine at six different typical operating conditions. Various tests were proceed including the exhaust emissions measurement of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) as well as the fuel consumption rate measurement. The effect of engine oil change on engine emission and fuel consumption rate were also studied. Impurity element content of waste oil and kinetic viscosity were measured before and after modified oil filter was used. The results show that relative to common oil filter, the modified-sawdust oil filter has 0.4–2.1%, 3.7–7.5%, 1.6–13.3% decrease for CO, HC, NOx emissions, respectively. In addition, it significantly reduces oil consumption, and the three major emission species (CO, HC and NOx) was also reduced when fresh engine oil was adopted. These results indicate that the use of modified-sawdust oil filter is an effective choice to improve gasoline engine emission and fuel economy.

<b>Analysis of lubricant oil contamination and degradation and wear of a biogas-fed otto cycle engine

The increasing deployment of biodigesters for the treatment of waste on farms and the use of the biogas generated in the production of energy have highlighted the need for knowing the influence of this fuel on internal combustion engines. This study aimed to analyze the influence of filtrated biogas on lubricant oil contamination and degradation, as well as on engine wear and corrosion. Lubricant oil samples were collected every 75 engine operating hours (EOH) and then correlated between each other and with a sample of new oil, determining the elements present in the biogas that contribute to lubricant oil contamination and degradation, as well as lubricant oil performance in the course of EOH and engine wear. The results demonstrate that hydrogen sulfide affects the performance of the lubricant oil and engine wear. Among the metals, we observed that the copper concentration exceeded the maximum limit recommended in the literature. As for the additives, the variation in concentrations of magnesium impacted on lubricant performance. By monitoring lubricant oil quality were able to extend the engine oil change interval of this study by 50%, what resulted in a savings of 33.3% in the cost of lubricant per hour worked.

오일교환경보 알고리즘 및 표시장치 개발

Dept. of Automotive Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hoseo University(Received February 27, 2014 ; Revised April 1, 2014 ; Accepted April 3, 2014)Abstract − This paper presents an engine oil change warning algorithm based on the test results of a small dip-stick-gage-type engine-oil-deterioration-detection sensor, software to realize the algorithm and a display deviceto apply the software. The algorithm determines the engine oil deterioration condition from the rate of changein the dielectric constant based on the average measured capacitance at 80