Engine Mount Research Articles

Strength and hardness of the engine mount prototype chopped composite fibre made from rubber compound and ramie fibre (Boehmeria nivea)

Rubber and natural fibres can be used as engine mount products as automotive components with structural strength and alloys by ASTM and SNI standards. The purpose of this study was to measure the tensile strength and hardness as an analysis of the structure of the alloy between chopped fibre composites made of hemp fibre reinforced rubber tree sap, and aerosil. The research stages is made a rubber compound from natural rubber, then followed by taking the fibres from the hemp stems, the results of which were long fibres and random fibres. An alloy of rubber, fibre, and dry reinforcement in the form of a powder and a bonding material. The combination of these two main ingredients molded with a composition of 35 phr and 45 phr. Tensile and hardness tests are carried out to obtain the mechanical properties of the material. Mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced CF composites with bonded material are used for the manufactured engine mount prototypes. This research method is to make parts accorded to ASTM and SNI with 3 parts of each specimen in each composition, plus a market engine mounts part as a comparison. The total sample specimens were 30 pieces. 10 specimens were subjected to tensile test, 10 hardness test specimens, and 10 compressive test specimens. The result of this research is that CF hemp fibre-reinforced composites in the form of engine mounts are better than factory-made engine mounts.

Design and Construction of Device for Rubber Material Fatigue Test

Due to the wide use of rubber components in different engineering applications such as vibration isolators, engine mounts, car tires, and bridge bearing pads, etc., this rubber component is mostly subjected to repeated loads continuously. As a result, these loads will initiate cracks on the outside surface of a component and then, these cracks will grow over time, and then, the growth of the cracks increase leading to a failure of the rubber component. Many researchers have studied the behavior of fatigue under the action of many factors by utilizing many devices. These devices produce repeated loading on the sample made of rubber material, initiating cracks and, then crack growth, which leads to failure. Therefore, in this paper, a modern test device has been developed and constructed to perform laboratory rubber fatigue testing. This device has been proven to be accurate and with the ability of repeatability.

Sifat Mekanis pada Kompon Karet Alam Variasi Campuran Serbuk Ban Bekas untuk Aplikasi Bantalan Mesin

Rubber is a good material used for engine mounting because it has good elastic and damping properties. To obtain good mechanical and damping properties, fillers can be added such as carbon black, nylon powder and silica. In this study used used tire crumb as filler material. With the method of adding used tire powder 0 phr, 6 phr, 12 phr, 18 phr sequentially on natural rubber compound A, B, C, and D. Rubber compounds made in this process are tested to determine the mechanical properties and Dumping vibrations. Tests carried out namely, strength and elongation at break, hardness, tearing strength, flex crack resistance and dumping vibration ( ability to reduce acceleration of vibration propagation ). The test results show a decrease in the strength of 21.7 N / mm², 20.9 N / mm², 20.3N / mm², 20.5 N / mm², and also at the elongation at break test with an average of 430%, 415%, 423%, 425%. Sequentially on A, B, C and D vulcanizates. Trends of hardness test chart to increase 61 Shore A, 63 Shore A, 64 Shore A and 65 Shore A, while the tear strength also shows an increase and decrease with an average yield of 12.5 N / mm², 12.6 N / mm², 11.3 N / mm², 13.3 N / mm² on A, B, C and D vulcanizates.

Mechanical Behaviour of Rubber Material with Consideration to Mullins Effect

A stress softening known as the Mullins effect is observed usually in rubberlike material after the first load. This paper describes an experimental test method for defining the nonlinear properties of rubber materials used for finite element analysis. Experimental observations have shown that the Mullins effect induces a permanent set and some anisotropy. To test the Mullins effect the mechanical preconditioning is suggested to stabilize the properties of rubber material. A stress-strain curve will change significantly when the rubber material is strained greater than the previous stabilized level. Therefore, material properties at maximum strain level are obtained to predict behavior of rubber products. To obtain the rubber material constants used for finite element analysis to understand the characteristics of automotive rubber parts, mechanical properties tests such as uniaxial tension, equ-biaxial tension and pure shear tests are required. When the load was repeatedly applied to the rubber specimen, the stress-strain relationship was greatest in the first and second cycles, and the larger the strain range, the more the stress was reduced. The material constants were obtained using the stress-strain data after the rubber specimen was stabilized. The value of stiffness decreased as the maximum strain range increased. The static stiffness of an automotive engine mount is calculated by nonlinear finite element analysis using the experimentally determined material constants and compared with the experimental results considering the mechanical preconditioning effect resulting in a good correlation.

Development of vibration isolator using magnetorheological elastomer

Many vibration isolators, for example, passive vehicle mounting devices, have fixed rigidity. This article presents the development of an adjustable stiffness engine mount based on the magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) to reduce engine vibration. The development of the first MREs vibration isolator was to design the engine mounting, and then to simulate a magnetic circuit. The choice of housing material and the thickness of the MRE is considered to complement a sufficient and uniform magnetic field to change the stiffness. The innovative magnetic circuit design includes the type and size of the wire and the number of turns of the coil for optimal magnetic field. Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of electromagnetic circuits in generating magnetic fields through MRE samples. Finally, influenced by the various current input in the coil, the performance of the MRE vibration isolator is investigated. The input electric current whose value increases is more useful to change the increased stiffness value of the MRE-based isolator system.

Linearisation modelling and active performance simulation of active engine mounts with an oscillating coil actuator for automotive powertrain

Active engine mounts (AEMs) are key elements for improving automotive noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance. An accurate AEM model is crucial for its active control. This work focuses on the establishment and verification of a linear model for AEM with an oscillating coil actuator (OCA). Experiments and simulations of an actuator with an attached decoupling membrane and a conventional hydraulic engine mount (HEM) are employed to verify the fundamental linear models for an OCA and HEM. An integrated linear model for an AEM with an OCA is established and verified by experimental analysis of active characteristics. Based on the AEM linear model, three control algorithms, i.e., PID, Fuzzy PID and FxLMS, are established to implement an active isolation performance simulation. The FxLMS is superior to the other two algorithms for an AEM considering the active performance for rotary machine.

Linearisation modelling and active performance simulation of active engine mounts with an oscillating coil actuator for automotive powertrain

Linearisation modelling and active performance simulation of active engine mounts with an oscillating coil actuator for automotive powertrain

Miniaturised structure design, modelling and simulation process for active engine mounts

Active engine mounts (AEMs) provide an effective solution to further improve the dynamic comfort of passenger cars in noise and vibration and tend to be miniaturised to reduce the space occupation. This paper focuses on the miniaturised structure design process and the corresponding modelling and simulation. Two types of electromagnetic AEMs with oscillating coil actuator or solenoid actuator were compared in space occupation, sealing performance, cost, static load capacity and dynamic performance, and their advantages and disadvantages were summarised, then the optimal design of the miniaturised structure was carried out using the finite element model (FEM) and lumped parameter model (LPM) and simulations. The final design of the miniaturised AEM had small dimensions and similar performance to those ordinary AEMs. The miniaturised design and simulation process shown in this article can improve the space utilisation of AEM while ensuring no performance degradation.

Investigation of the Influence of Elastic Dissipative Parameters of the Under Wing Pylon-Mounted Engine Suspension on Aeroelastic and Strength Characteristics of the Aircraft

To study the influence and selection of rational elastic-dissipative parameters for under wing pylon-mounted engine suspension, a mathematical model of aeroelasticity of a large-sized transport aircraft has been developed by taking into account the kinetic moment of the engine rotors and specially designed engine attachment points to the pylons. It is shown that the elastic-dissipative parameters of the attachment points, which implement the concept of a released engine, have a significant effect on the integral aeroelastic and strength characteristics of the aircraft. Schematic diagrams of the engine mounts to the pylon are proposed. The usefulness of the concept of a released engine for increasing aeroelastic stability and reduce the level of fatigue damage of the aircraft structural elements has been proved.

Miniaturised structure design, modelling and simulation process for active engine mounts

Miniaturised structure design, modelling and simulation process for active engine mounts

Design and analysis of semiactive mount for multi-flow path MR fluid

This paper summarises the advantages and disadvantages of inertial channel hydraulic mounts, decoupled membrane hydraulic mounts, and bell-plate hydraulic mounts, based on GM's design requirements for engine mounts, using magnetorheological fluid to control four flow channels. The semi-active mount can be switched ON and OFF by applying a large magnetic field to each channel, respectively, and changing the total cross-sectional area of the mounts to achieve adjustable dynamic stiffness and loss angle at low and moderate frequencies. The combination of the decoupled diaphragm and new bell-plate is used in the high-frequency stage to achieve lower peak dynamic stiffness and alleviate the high-frequency hardening problem. Numerical simulation shows that the semi-active mount can exhibit large dynamic stiffness and high damping at low frequency and large amplitude, and small dynamic stiffness and low damping at high frequency and small amplitude, realising the wide frequency vibration isolation effect of the mounts.

하이브리드 모델링 기법과 베이지안 최적화를 통한 엔진 마운트 응답개선

This paper presents a method for predicting and improving the response of the engine mount using hybrid modeling technique and Bayesian optimization. The hybrid modeling technique based on the FRF based substructuring (FBS) theory can improve the accuracy of results and reduce the required time and cost compared to full-FE analysis using both experimental and finite element results. Using FBS theory, a transfer function of complex system can be changed to transfer function of several simple substructures. At this time, the hybrid modeling technique replaces the transfer function of a specific substructure with the result of FE analysis. Using this method, it is possible to predict the effect of the design change in the entire system by changing the CAD model design for the substructure applied to FE analysis. Furthermore, an optimal design is proposed by applying the Bayesian optimization technique.

Design and analysis of engine mount for biodegradable and non-biodegradable damping materials

In the present automotive world high importance is given to the comfort and safety of the passenger. The comfort to the passenger signifies many terms such as the seating structure, leg space, air conditioning etc. The most important thing is that all the vehicles are subjected to vibrations such as from the engine or from external factors. The vibrations produced from the engine are transferred to the entire vehicle structure and this is reduced by placing engine mounts between the engine and the chassis. Designing the proper type of mount holds the key for effective reduction of vibrations. In this article a new design of the engine mount is proposed and taken into finite element analysis. Also, material for the mounts are considered to play a vital role. In this along with two regular materials, a biodegradable material is also used for the dampers. More importance is given to the frequency response of the mount for different materials and the finite element analysis is performed for a four-cylinder inline engine with two mounts on either side.

Dynamic Modelling of a Hydraulic Engine Mount Including the Effects of Elastomer Ageing

In this article, the effect of material ageing of an elastomeric main spring (MS) inside a hydraulic engine mount (HEM) on its dynamic performance is investigated. A set of HEMs aged under realistic operational conditions are used to create an empirical material ageing model of the elastomer at two different temperatures (35°C and 95°C) using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). These ageing models are then coupled to a multibody system (MBS) model of the HEM such that the output simulates variations of the dynamic stiffness, damping, and transmissibility against age (defined as vehicle distance travelled) and the operating engine frequency at these temperatures. The simulation results represent how the dynamic performance of the HEM deviates from its original design with age and how the transmitted force from the engine to the chassis (which is considered as a key indicator for vehicle ride comfort) varies with age, engine frequency, and temperature. This provides new information and knowledge on the dynamic performance of the vehicle as the HEM ages under realistic operating conditions.

Calibration of engine parameters and fuel blend for vibration and noise characteristics in CRDI engine fuelled with low viscous biofuel

An increasing number of on-road vehicles have increased the average duration of the engine’s low-load and speed operation. This prolonged status of engine running is called idling and is the source of higher fuel consumption, increased engine wear, and spiked emissions. Also, to address the twin crisis of fossil fuel scarcity and higher engine-out emissions the present-day vehicles need suitable alternate fuels. Blending of Orange Peel Oil (OPO) with diesel is a promising solution to contain the reparations caused by idling emissions and fuel consumption. However, to ensure complete functionality of the OPO-diesel blend during idling, the combustion, vibrations, and sound characteristics need to be analysed. Hence, the present work calibrates the engine operating parameters for vibro-acoustic and combustion characteristics of a commercial vehicle diesel operating under idling conditions for pure diesel and OPO blends (10% and 20%). Vibrations, sound levels, and combustion characteristics were measured for diesel, OPO 10, and OPO 20 fuel blends. Experiments were conducted as per the Design of Experiments determined by Central Composite Design and the engine parameters were calibrated based on the optimised results using Response Surface Methodology. The results revealed that OPO20 performs better than OPO10 compared to pure diesel, as it displayed similar vibration characteristics and improved heat release rate by 8% while maintaining the same noise levels. The only deviation in vibration behaviour is at the engine mount which reported of 77% average increase along all three axes, while vibration in all other test points varied within a range of 5%.

Shape Optimum Design by Basis Vector Method Considering Partial Shape Dependence

Regarding the case of complicated structural shape optimization, there are cases where there are partial shapes such as holes and irregularities inside the structure. Concerning the complex structural optimization shape, the relationship between the external boundary shape and the internal local shape should be maintained, and how to change the internal partial shape while maintaining a subordinate relationship with the external form has become an important issue. Currently, there is no good solution to this kind of problem using general optimization design software. Therefore, this paper proposes to use the basic vector method to solve the local shape dependency problem of partial shapes. First, this paper classifies the subordinate problems of partial shape into three primary patterns, theoretically proving a method for controlling subordinate relationships of partial forms, respectively. Then, the research also provides two classical application examples: shape optimization of a steam turbine implantation section and stress distribution optimization of an engine mount bracket. The results show that the optimization method is effective for the partial shape subordination problem in complex structural shape optimization problems. Finally, the study examines the problem of making a vectorial vector, a correlation between the basis vector and the remeshing problem of the analysis model in shape optimization, and further substantiates the validity of the method proposed by the body using the analysis result of the actual structural shape optimization case.

Idle shake vibration optimization of an engine mounting system through the practical application of transfer path analysis

This article presents a practical application of experimental transfer path analysis (TPA) for optimizing idle shake vibrations of a front-wheel-drive car with a transversely mounted four-cylinder diesel engine. Performance control of the vehicle engine mounting system must take into account the multiple dynamic interactions between the engine mounting system, subframe modes and the vehicle suspension. Experimental methods can be used in conjunction with simulations to design and optimize the engine mounting system. TPA is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of vibration and noise transmission via multiple solid paths. TPA allows a quick diagnosis of the engine mounting system performances on vehicle comfort. A strong synergy between numerical model and experimental data finally makes it possible to find better design alternatives, not necessarily obvious to the designer. This study is the guideline for an optimization of the engine mount noise vibration and harshness (NVH) performances by using a hybrid approach, combining an analytical approach and measurement data. First, a diagnosis of the transmission of structure-borne vibrations via the engine mounting system to the seat floor is done at constant idle speed. This method is used to rank individual engine mount contributions in the low-frequency vibration level inside the vehicle. Then, an original approach allows the optimization of the vibration level at idle speed by offsetting contributions of the engine mount paths by adding damping in the right engine mount. This approach has led to the design and validation of an original double inertia-track hydroelastic mount prototype which allows a 5-dB reduction on the seat floor vibration level. The future development of a new version is planned to confirm and optimized the obtained results. The length of the second inertia track will be increased to reach the targeted characteristics, and the adjustment system will be removed to respect the overall dimension constraints of the mount.

Manufacturing of High-Load Engine Mounts From Rubber Composites (Natural Rubber and Carbon Black) with Novel Properties

This paper explains the successful and simple process of generating a rubber mount with novel properties by incorporating carbon black particles type ISAF 220 at different ratios ([46, 56, 66, 76, 86] [pphr]). Rubber mounting was made using 100 % natural rubber and carbon powder that was applied to the master batch ratio (60 g). To achieve greater homogeneity, rubber and carbon were combined for several minutes. The rubber mount has been subjected to several tests at Babylon tires factory and Babylon University (tensile, elongation, modulus, compression, hardness, rebound resilience, specific gravity and fatigue tests). The best results were obtained from the rubber mount, as it had the ability to resist fatigue and could be used for a long period of time. It could also increase the number of cycles to 900 rpm. The rubber mount that was reinforced with carbon had a better resistance to the mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, fatigue and resilience). The results of the tensile strength, hardness, fatigue and resilience tests showed that additional quantities of carbon at 66 pphr increased the values by up to 18.95 Mpa, 64 Mpa, 600 Mpa and 55.5 Mpa, respectively.

Design, Analysis and Optimization of Engine Mounting Bracket for SAE Supra Car Using Finite Element Analysis

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The power train components of vehicles are firmly attached to the Engine mounting bracket. It plays very important role in performance of vehicle and its comfortable ride. As SAE India Supra car was high performance vehicle, the mounting brackets undergo high static and dynamic loading conditions due to that Huge amount of vibrations were produced. By careful designing and analysis of engine mounting bracket we can mitigate the vibration produced in the vehicle. The current paper discusses the modelling of bracket in Catia, Static and Modal Analysis of bracket was carried out in FEAST Software. Optimization of bracket is carried out in hyper mesh Software for weight reduction. A Formula Student car is required to be highly manoeuvrable and quick with high rates of acceleration and deceleration. Hence the mounting of the engine should be well constrained and the mount brackets need to be light-weight and designed to safely bear the inertial loads and maximize vibration transmission. FEA has been done to check the frequency and loading response of the brackets before finalizing the design. The design of the brackets has been experimentally validated after the actual implementation and testing of the vehicle. Finally, the comparison of results (Displacement, von-mises stresses and strain) for Mild Steel, Aluminium 6063, Carbon Fiber Composite and Glass Fiber Composite is discussed.</div></div>

Engine-bracket drilling fixture layout optimization for minimizing the workpiece deformation

Purpose Fixture layout design is concerned with immobilization of the workpiece (engine mount bracket) during machining such that the workpiece elastic deformation is reduced. The fixture holds the workpiece through the positioning of fixturing elements that causes the workpiece elastic deformation, in turn, leads to the form and dimensional errors and increased machining cost. The fixture layout has the major impact on the machining accuracy and is the function of the fixturing position. The position of the fixturing elements, key aspects, needed to be optimized to reduce the workpiece elastic deformation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the optimized fixture layout for the machining of the engine mount bracket. Design Methodology Approach In this research work, using the finite element method (FEM), a model is developed in the MATLAB for the fixture-workpiece system so that the workpiece elastic deformation is determined. The artificial neural network (ANN) is used to develop an empirical model. The results of deformation obtained for different fixture layouts from FEM are used to train the ANN and finally the empirical model is developed. The model capable of predicting the deformation is embedded to the evolutionary optimization techniques, capable of finding local and global optima, to optimize the fixture layouts and to find the robust one. Findings For efficient optimization of the fixture layout parameters to obtain the least possible deformation, ant colony algorithm (ACA) and artificial bee colony algorithm (ABCA) are used and the results of deformation obtained from both the optimization techniques are compared for the best results. Research Limitations Implications A MATLAB-based FEM technique is able to provide solutions when the repeated modeling and simulations required i.e. modeling of fixture layouts (500 layouts) for every variation in the parameters requires individual modeling and simulation for the output requirement in any FEM-based software’s (ANSYS, ABACUS). This difficulty is reduced in this research. So that the MATLAB-based FEM modeling, simulation and optimization is carried out to determine the solutions for the optimized fixture layout to reach least deformation. Practical Implications Many a time the practicability of the machining/mechanical operations are difficult to perform costly and time-consuming when more number of experimentations are required. To sort out the difficulties the computer-based automated solution techniques are highly required. Such kind of research over this study is presented for the readers. Originality Value A MATLAB-based FEM modeling and simulation technique is used to obtain the fixture layout optimization. ANN-based empirical model is developed for the fixture layout deformation that creates a hypothesis for the fixture layout system. ACA and ABCA are used for optimizing the fixture layout parameters and are compared for the best algorithm suited for the fixture layout system.