Engine Generator Research Articles

Financial Analysis of Additional Supply to Obtain Optimal Basic Costs of Provision in The Weda System

The electricity growth in the PLN Weda Customer Service Unit (ULP) area in Central Halmahera Regency reached 26.64% in 2022, driven by national-scale nickel mining, resulting in consistent yearly increases in electricity demand. ULP Weda's electricity supply, with an installed power of 5.2 MW and a peak load of 5.6 MW, faces challenges due to high fuel prices, leading to a Cost of Supply (BPP) value of IDR 4,193, significantly higher than the average selling price of IDR 1,365 in the Veda system. To address these issues, a research methodology, incorporating SWOT and TOWS analyses, was employed. Three potential scenarios emerged: relocating Diesel Generating System (SPD) engines, adding rental generator engines, and purchasing excess power. Financial Feasibility Study (KKF) calculations, considering Nett's Present Value (NPV), Nett's Present Cost (NPC), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), determined the excess power purchase scenario as the most viable, with an NPV of IDR 29.8 billion, NPC of IDR 623 billion, IRR of 33.49%, and the lowest BPP value at IDR 1,244. The Homer application provided insights into optimizing generating machine units for optimal BPP values. Sensitivity analysis showed that higher interest rates and lower fuel prices contribute to lower BPP values. This comprehensive research offers a strategic framework for addressing electricity supply challenges in the ULP Weda area, ensuring financial viability and optimal operation.

Performance Characteristic of Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Energy Conversion with Renewable Fuels on Free-Piston Engines

Renewable fuels attract more attention owing to reduction of both air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. The free-piston engine generator is a new energy conversion with compact structure, multifuel combustion mode possibility, and less friction loss, and it can be applied to a variety of renewable fuels. This study investigated the effect of operating parameters on power generation and motion characteristics for free-piston engine generator. A test bench and a detailed and validated numerical model of the free-piston engine generator were presented. Results show that with the increase of the average velocity, the output power root mean square (RMS) and efficiency of the generator gradually increase. The output power RMS grows rapidly, whereas the generator efficiency gradually stabilizes. Under the same average velocity but different strokes and frequencies, the generator power and efficiency are the same. This result means that the multiple-point operating condition can achieve the same output power and generator efficiency goals. Moreover, the optimal operating conditions can be selected comprehensively, considering factors such as fuel properties, combustion efficiency, and performance. The influence of the generator on motion characteristics of the system under pure resistive load and high-frequency operation should be noted.

Operation Analysis of Coordinated Droop Control for Stand-alone DC Micro-grid

This paper introduces a coordinated droop control for the stand-alone DC micro-grid., which is composed of photo voltaic generator, wind power generator, engine generator, and battery storage with SOC (state of charge) management system. The operation of stand-alone DC micro-grid with the coordinated droop control was analyzed with computer simulation. Based on simulation results, a hardware simulator was built and tested to analyze the performance of proposed system. The developed simulation model and hardware simulator can be utilized to design the actual stand-alone DC micro-grid and to analyze its performance. The coordinated droop control can improve the reliability and efficiency of the stand-alone DC micro-grid

A novel multi-objective tuning formula for load frequency controllers in an isolated low-inertia microgrid incorporating PV/wind/FC/BESS

Load frequency control (LFC) is vital for isolated microgrids (IMGs), especially when uncertain renewable energy sources (RESs) are present. Enhancing LFC schemes relies mainly on three tracks. Adding new resources to IMG structures is the first track, designing novel controller structures for LFC schemes is the second, and the third is improving controller tuning procedures in the LFC schemes. This research suggests an innovative multi-objective formula (MOF) for controller tuning that combines a novel error criterion termed the integral-square time absolute error of frequency change with the integral-square of IMG controllers' signals. Tested IMG includes multi-sources of diesel engine generators, fuel cells, battery energy storage technologies, and RESs (like photovoltaic and wind turbines). The proposed MOF tuning is evaluated compared to four different objective functions, which are the integral-absolute error (IAE), integral-time absolute error (ITAE), integral-square error (ISE), and integral-time square error (ITSE). The proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fractional-order, and cascade PID controllers are implemented to appraise the proposed MOF extensively against all these single objectives. Statistical analyses are accomplished comprehensively to verify the effectiveness of the artificial rabbits' optimization algorithm (ARO) in competition with other recent optimization algorithms to tune different controllers utilized in the LFC schemes of the examined IMG based on tested objectives. Therefore, ARO is applied to optimize controller settings by combining system nonlinearities with IMG sources' maximal generation rate constraints. The comparative analysis considers settling times, overshoots, IAE, ITAE, ISE, and ITSE performance indices. MATLAB/Simulink simulations confirmed the ability of the suggested MOF tuning to stabilize the system and keep improving performance indices, significantly attaining the minimum settling time even for massive three-type load fluctuations. The first type is step disturbances ranging between 0.1 and 0.25 p.u, the second is varying step disturbances every 5 s, and the third is severe dynamic random load shifts from −0.2 to 0.2 p.u. In addition, the MOF outperforms other competitors' tuning formulas while adding fluctuations of RESs with load disturbances. Furthermore, the robustness analysis is conducted for the applied controllers based on the proposed MOF tuning approach by changing the IMG nominal parameters with ±25 % and adding system nonlinearities. The analysis ensured its efficacy in preserving system stability. Finally, the stability test in the frequency domain using the MATLAB/control design tool verified system stability when different LFC controllers were tuned based on the proposed MOF tuning.

High Temperature Biomass Fired Stirling Engine (HTBS)

Biomass is an important resource for the utilisation of renewable energy not only in Germany, but in many other countries. Being sufficient to provide base load it is capable to stabilise electricity grids besides contributing to climate change precaution. Additionally it is essential that the applications for heat, power and fuel feature high conversion efficiencies. There fore the on-site generation of electricity is a crucial contribution to renewable energy supply, especially in real small-scale applications. The project “HTBioStir” - development of a high temperature heat exchanger for the coupling of biomass boiler and Stirling engine - is designed and realized as a fundamental research project focusing on important mechanisms of heat transfer. The basic approach to generate electricity and heat implies the transfer of enthalpy on high temperature levels from the flue gases of a wood chip operated fire tube boiler to the working fluid helium through the heater head of a Stirling engine generator set. Using an indirect heat transfer mechanism, air as the carrier, an innovative heat exchanger with surface structured industrial power tube bundle and upstream a similar recuperative air-preheater by which an α-type SOLO 2V is operated to gene rate electricity. The leaving air at a much lower temperature level serves then as preheated oxidant in the furnace, while the flue gases produce hot water in the boiler. At present measure ment campaigns were carried out to establish energy and mass balances of the fire tube boiler as well as the Stirling engine.

PANOVA-4 (EF-39): Pilot study of tumor treating fields (TTFields) therapy with atezolizumab, gemcitabine (GEM), and nab-paclitaxel (NabP) as first-line (1L) treatment for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC).

TPS718 Background: TTFields are electric fields that exert physical forces to disrupt cellular processes critical for cancer cell viability and tumor progression. TTFields therapy is noninvasive, locoregional, and is delivered via a portable electric field generator and skin-placed arrays. TTFields therapy has low risk of systemic toxicity and is approved for glioblastoma (and grade 4 glioma in Europe), and pleural mesothelioma. In vitro, TTFields (150 kHz) application decreased pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and clonogenicity; in vivo, TTFields concomitant with chemotherapy (chemo) had greater antitumor effect than chemo alone in orthotopic pancreatic tumors. Co-application of TTFields with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) significantly decreased tumor volume, increased tumor infiltration and IFN-γ production, and did not impede ICI-induced effector memory T-cell production versus in vivo controls. The pilot (phase 2) PANOVA clinical study (NCT01971281) showed safety and feasibility with TTFields therapy plus NabP and GEM in metastatic and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC). The randomized, pivotal (phase 3) PANOVA-3 clinical study (NCT03377491), evaluating TTFields therapy with GEM and NabP in LAPC, is ongoing. Methods: PANOVA-4 (pilot, single-arm clinical study) assesses the safety and efficacy of TTFields therapy (NovoTTF-200T device) concomitant with atezolizumab, GEM, and NabP as 1L treatment for mPDAC. Eligible patients (pts) are ≥18 years of age and have a new mPDAC diagnosis, measurable abdominal disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0–1, and no prior systemic PDAC therapy. Atezolizumab (1680 mg, IV infusion) is given before chemo on day 1 of each 28-d cycle, with NabP (125 mg/m2 IV) and GEM (1000 mg/m2 IV) given on days 1, 8, and 15. TTFields therapy (150 kHz) is delivered for ≥18 h/d until disease progression per RECIST v1.1 or loss of clinical benefit. Clinical follow-up occurs every 4 weeks (q4w) with CT scans q8w. Survival is assessed every 3 mo post last on-site visit. The primary endpoint is disease control rate (DCR). Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), 1-year OS rate, objective response rate, PFS at 6 mo, duration of response, and safety. 76 pts are required to achieve 80% power (1-sided α level 0.05) to detect a 63% DCR vs historical 48% DCR in pts with mPDAC receiving 1L GEM and NabP. Clinical trial information: EUCTR2022-003157-55 .

Experimental Investigation of Cottonseed Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends in a 14 kW Diesel Generator: Effects on Performance, Emissions, and Engine Parameters

This investigation presents an experimental study on the performance, specific fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions of a 14-kW diesel engine generator fueled with neat cottonseed biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends. Cotton biodiesel was chosen due to its importance as an agricultural crop and potential as a biodiesel feedstock. The fuels tested were (B100 - pure cotton biodiesel), (B7 - 7% biodiesel, 93% Petro diesel), (B20 - 20% biodiesel), (B30 -30% biodiesel), (B50 - 50% biodiesel), and (B70 - 70% biodiesel). The generator was tested at various loads from 0-14 kW. Properties like viscosity, density, and calorific value were measured for each fuel. The results showed that brake thermal efficiency increased with load for all fuels but was lower for higher biodiesel blends. Exhaust gas temperature followed a similar trend. Specific fuel consumption increased with biodiesel content, attributed to the lower energy density of Biodiesel. B100 had the highest NOx emissions but the lowest carbon monoxide and smoke emissions. The study concludes that cottonseed biodiesel and blends can replace Petro diesel in diesel generators. Increasing biodiesel content causes slight reductions in performance but improvements in emissions. The results provide insights into using cotton biodiesel in engines and generators.

Fast Self‐Charging Flexible Device Based on Metal–Air Redox Reaction under Normal Humidity

Nowadays, self‐charging devices using clean energy have raised the potential of portable and wearable power generators. Herein, a novel moisture‐induced self‐powered device based on metal–air redox reaction has been designed which can work under normal humidity conditions. Through bridging two asymmetric electrodes including a carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite electrode and a metal electrode by filter paper with CaCl2, the 1D planar device can be simply fabricated. A single device can provide an open‐circuit voltage of over 1.3 V under normal humidity (40%) within 5 min (the maximum can be up to 1.42 V at 80% humidity) and the harvesting energy can be stored effectively. The device possesses great circularity and stability which can maintain steady and consistent output over at least 6 months. Due to the microelectrolyte, this device can prevent harmful leakage or deformation of the electrolyte completely. What is more, the device shows good extendibility. Three single devices in series using common electrodes can light up two light‐emitting diodes. Besides its application potential in self‐powered portable and wearable electronics, this device can provide a reference for utilization in medical devices due to the response signals under breath with different frequencies.

Removal of carbon monoxide from an ambient environment using chicken eggshell

Adsorbents from chicken eggshells were synthesized by a simple method and used as a novel and effective adsorbent for the removal of carbon monoxide (CO) from an ambient environment. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proximate, ultimate analysis and adsorption isotherms. The characterization results showed that the presence of Ca, CaO, SiO2, CO, O-H, and O-Si-O stretching vibration bonding contributed to the adsorption capacity of the synthesized adsorbents. Chicken eggshells were collected, washed, and dried before being pulverized and sieved to yield 36 µm mesh particles. The eggshells were then separated into parts and treated to various calcination temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C) with and without phosphoric acid impregnation. Therefore, seven different adsorbents were synthesized. An environmental chamber with a portable generator as the CO source was used to evaluate the performance of the adsorbent. For different residence times (2 to 10 min), different amounts of the synthesized adsorbents (varying from 5 g to 25 g) were introduced into the chamber. A combustion analyzer was used to measure the initial and final CO concentrations. All the synthesized adsorbents are effective in removing CO, but ordinary chicken eggshell has the highest (59.32%) CO capacity removal, the adsorption kinetics followed a Lagergren pseudo-first-order model, and the adsorption isotherms conformed to Langmuir equation.

Designing a portable solar generator for emergencies

Indonesia is a country made up of thousands of islands. Indonesia is located between four tectonic plates, the Indian Ocean Plate, and the Pacific Ocean Plate, the Asian Continental Plate, and the Australian Continental Plate. Geographically, the territory of Indonesia is in the series of Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire, also called the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a 40,000 km-long chain of volcanoes and seismically active sites spanning the Pacific Ocean. This condition is very potential as well as prone to disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and landslides. The impact of this disaster can make it difficult to access clean water, electricity, and fuel oil networks. Access to electricity is not available because the power grid is cut. The purpose of this research is to be able to provide first aid in terms of electricity so that it can relieve victims of natural disasters or volunteers who work to evacuate victims. The output targeted in this research is a Portable Solar Generator that can be used in an emergency by disaster-affected victims or by volunteers. With a 35-watt load, it could operate for 5 hours 30 minutes and with 55 Watt load it can operate for 3 hours. In terms of recharging time, the charging process using a 50 Wp solar panel takes approximately 7 hours, this is because the charging process is carried out outside the building according to actual conditions.

Analysis of a Portable Generator Turbine for Small and Medium Industry by Using a Business Model Approach

Analysis of a Portable Generator Turbine for Small and Medium Industry by Using a Business Model Approach

Energy Management System in Smart Micro-Grid

This paper focuses on discussing an energy management system (EMS) for a smart microgrid integrating multiple renewable sources. The task of the EMS is to efficiently balance power generation and consumption by controlling various energy sources, including photovoltaic systems, energy storage units, engine generator set and the utility grid. An EMS optimizes power flow between the microgrid components and keeps the micro-grid stable, by using different control strategies. In this microgrid, the PV system serves as the primary energy source, while the other sources of electrical energy act as backups. The energy management system prioritizes supplying load demand from either the PV system or the other sources, with load shedding during peak hours if the supplied energy is insufficient. The approaches based on StateMachine and StateFlow are discussed in this paper for enhancing the energy management system's performance.

РАЗРАБОТКА ДЫМОГЕНЕРИРУЮЩЕГО УСТРОЙСТВА, ИМИТИРУЮЩЕГО ТЕСТОВЫЕ ОЧАГИ ПОЖАРА ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ ИСПЫТАНИЙ СИСТЕМ ПОЖАРНОЙ СИГНАЛИЗАЦИИ

The work analyzes scientific and technical literature and open commercial information on methods and instruments for assessing the performance of smoke fire detectors. 
 It has been revealed that the use of special aerosol smoke simulators for the purpose of comprehensive testing of smoke fire detectors is associated with the danger of exceeding the optical density of smoke, which significantly complicates evacuation. As a new solution, the use of portable smoke generators «Kiparis» (St and 0,6St) is proposed, capable of generating a flow 
 of smoke, the optical properties of which are similar to the smoke from the combustion of test fires TP-1, TP-2, TP-3 and TP-4. Mathematical modeling of the combustion of a test fire TP-1 (open burning of wood) in accordance with GOST 34698–2020 «Fire detectors. General technical requirements. Test methods» has been conducted. During the model experiment, it was shown that the portable smoke generator «Kiparis» is capable of generating smoke with an optical density comparable to that of smoke from the combustion of test fires, which is a practical justification for using the smoke generator «Kiparis» instead of test fires.

Reconstruction of neutron spectrum emitted by portable 14 MeV neutron generator by a combination of different methods

The presented paper is a continuation of the Tikhonov Regularisation, Minimum Fisher Information, Maximum Entropy, and Maximum Likelihood methods application to unfolding the neutron spectra emitted by the fusion devices from activation measurement. The aim of the analysis is the evaluation of the possible uncertainty improvement. The developed algorithms and methodology were validated with 14 MeV portable neutron generators before application to the analysis of the neutron spectrum emitted from tokamak. The analysis concerns plasma-target generator did not provide satisfactory uncertainty of the results. The modification of the irradiation foils’ set and the improvement in the activity measurement precision progress the results. The sealed tube portable neutron generator irradiated the Al, Fe, Ni, Zr, Au, Mg, and Nb foils. The HPGe spectrometer measured the induced activity with an uncertainty of about 10 %. The synthetic data analysis was made to establish the ratio between the error of the spectrum reconstruction and the discrepancy between the input data and activities reconstructed for this spectrum by the FISPACT-II inventory code. Two bin structures were considered. One was compatible with the FISPACT-II code, but the energy resolution was not regular. The second was characterised by constant bin spacing connected with the modification requirement before simulation and additional uncertainty of about 5 %. The best results were obtained by calculation of the mean value from all methods. The corresponding reconstruction uncertainty is equal to 11 %. The reconstructed spectrum has a dominant deuterium tritium peak slightly shifted to the higher energies due to the beam-target reaction kinematics. The evaluation of the impact of the deuterium-deuterium reaction due to the long-term operation was not reachable due to the measured high intensity from scattered neutrons.

The Investigation Of Performance And Emission Characteristics Of Waste Transmission Oil On A Diesel Engine

Environmental issues such as ever-increasing energy demand, declining fossil fuel deposits, global warming and higher levels of air pollution necessitate the transition to renewable fuels. It is necessary to develop a cleaner, safer, sustainable and renewable alternative for fossil fuels. For the production of such fuels using thermochemical processes, it is important to use products with a fuel potential in a waste state. In this context, it is proposed to convert waste transmission oil. Accordingly, in the study, diesel fuel was produced from waste transmission oil by pyrolysis method. The fuel produced is a mixture of diesel with waste transmission oil, 80% diesel and 20% waste transmission oil. Engine tests were carried out with the use of the produced mixture fuel and pure diesel fuel in a diesel generator engine and the necessary comparisons were carried out. In the study, emission tests were performed. In the scope of emission tests, the changes of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and Oxygen (O2) emissions depending on the engine load were investigated. Finally, in order to determine the performance parameters of the fuels, tests were performed for three different parameters. These tests are listed as fuel consumption, specific fuel consumption and effective efficiency measurement and calculation. According to the test results obtained, it can be said that the waste transmission oil-doped mixture fuel produced can be used instead of diesel fuel for its intended purpose.

Enhanced generation of hydrogen through hydrolysis of biochar-coupled magnesium: Analysis of the performance of biochar-support and the effect of metallic coating on biochar

Hydrolysis is regarded as a safe, efficient and adorable approach to generate hydrogen (H2) from magnesium (Mg) or Mg-based materials. In this work, biochar (BC) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) coated biochar (magnetic biochar: MBC) were synthesized and applied along with Mg as catalysts for an enhanced H2 generation. The Mg-Xwt%Y (X = 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and Y = BC, MBC) composites were prepared via ball milling and employed to investigate their hydrolysis performance through kinetics in seawater. Among employed dosages, 10.0 wt% contents exhibited the best hydrolysis performance. Mg-10.0 wt%BC and Mg-10.0 wt%MBC composites after 1 h ball milling generated 820.03 and 828.02 mL/g (conversion yields of 89.03% and 89.99%) H2 in 40 and 10 min, respectively. Further, 10.0 wt% of BC and MBC decreased the hydrolysis kinetic energy of Mg from 63.9 to 41.07 and 17.16 kJ/mol, respectively. MBC has better catalytic effects for Mg hydrolysis compared with those by BC could be due to relatively more functional groups, providing more channels for water molecules to interact with Mg resulting in subsequent enhanced hydrolysis. Hence, MBC increased the reactivity and galvanic corrosion of Mg as well as prevented the formation of passive layer of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) on fresh surface of Mg. The performance of MBC-supported Mg in hydrolysis process is anticipated to be essential for the creation of environmentally-friendly portable H2 generators, the use of clean generation of H2 energy and the reduction of environmentally adverse emissions.

Toward optimized operation of freshwater generator using computer vision, and its economic and environmental benefits

Sufficient quantities of fresh water (FW) must be maintained for the operation of ships and fresh water generators (FWGs), used to produce FW on ships tend to be suboptimal because of work schedules and low-skilled marine crew. Therefore, a system that optimally and automatically operates the discharge valve of an FWG distillate pump by recognizing the FW condition through a sight glass using computer vision technology was developed. Three deep-learning models were trained using videos of FW flowing and filling the sight glass. An optimal model structure was selected in the pre-test phase, which consisted of (i) a test using a camera and a monitor showing the validation videos, and (ii) a test based on data. In the real-test phase, an electrical valve and stepper valve were used as optimization valves, and the flow rates of the fuel oil for the generator engine (G/E) and FW for the FWG were recorded for 10 experimental conditions. The stepper valve operated in a more stable manner than the electrical valve, and its prediction performance with CNN-LSTM was superior. Finally, the economic and environmental impacts were evaluated based on the flow rates of fuel oil for the G/E and FW for the FWG.

Startup process, safety and risk assessment of biomass gasification for off-grid rural electrification

Biomass gasification has significantly advanced in terms of performance and is increasingly used in rural off-grid electricity applications. The downdraft gasifier is primarily used in biomass gasification applications, in which it functions as a reactor into which biomass and gasifying air are introduced to generate producer gas that is then used in an engine generator to produce electricity. However, the safety and stability of biomass gasification remain challenging and depend on several factors, such as the startup heating process, which can affect risks of fire, explosion, and toxic gas emissions. As the biomass gasification is associated with high temperatures and demands safety measures, its startup process should follow a rigorous procedure that ensures reliable operation and minimizes the risk of hazard issues. This study presents a gasifier startup heating process based on a proposed safety protocols hazard analysis. The study indicates that the heating temperature in startup processes has been identified as a critical factor due to its role in impacting safety. The findings indicate that the biomass gasification process has significant risks, including the potential for fire, explosion, and release of environmental emissions via multiple pathways. The methods proposed here could lead to reduced risk from the abovementioned issues.

Numerical investigation of the impact of dual spark plug coordinated ignition strategy on the combustion process in a free piston engine generator

The unique motion profile of Free Piston Engine Generators (FPEG) results in a brief dwell period at the top dead centre (TDC). Effectively achieving swift combustion within the cylinder during this limited interval is an urgent challenge that needs to be solved. In this study, a three-dimensional simulation model of FPEG was established and the model underwent calibration utilizing experiment data. Subsequently investigating the impacts of varying ignition positions, distinct spark plug spacing, and distribution on the combustion of the FPEG when subjected to the dual spark plug ignition configuration. The research results show that with the advancement of the ignition position, the maximum combustion duration of the dual spark plug FPEG was shortened by 34 %. With a reasonable spark plug spacing, the dual spark plug FPEG could shorten the flame propagation distance, which is conducive to the realization of constant volume combustion. When the dual spark plugs were arranged on both sides of the auxiliary intake port, the peak pressure in the cylinder could reach up to 49.5 bar. When the dual spark plugs were arranged in the main intake port and the auxiliary intake port, the indicated thermal efficiency reached 34.7 %.

Design, simulation, and optimization of portable atmospheric water generator using vapor compression refrigeration system

In this study, the conceptual design and optimization of a portable Atmospheric Water Generator that uses a vapor compression refrigeration system is investigated. The cooling system is needed to decrease the temperature of the ambient air to below its dewpoint. The cooling capacity of the vapor compression refrigeration system was 0.3 kW. The airflow velocity was then varied from 1.5 m/s to 5 m/s with an increment of 0.5 m/s. The diameter of the opening input feed air is 5.7 cm. The ambient air was assumed at 30 °C and 80% of relative humidity as the feed for the system. The results show that the maximum water production was 0.285 L/h which was produced by the air velocity at 2.5 m/s