Engine Control Room Research Articles

Optimization of Prevention of Hazards MV. Meratus Kariangau Ship Running Across Entering the Narrow Waterflow of the Barito River

This research aims to Optimize the Prevention of the Occurrence of Shipwreck Hazard of MV Meratus Kariangau when Entering the Narrow Shipping Channel of the Barito River. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. For primary data collection techniques obtained from the results of interviews and observations, while for secondary data collection techniques obtained from tidal data in the Barito river, then from journals related to this research, books and others. The results of this study indicate are a). Indication of overdraft when entering the narrow shipping channel, b). Lack of attention to UKC and Tidal Tables, c). Human error from the watch officer who did not pay attention to the tide list. Preparations that must be made by the MV. Meratus Kariangau before entering the narrow shipping channel of the Barito river to avoid the danger of running aground are a) The duty officer and the skipper must operate the navigation equipment on the ship, for example Radar, Echo sounder, GPS. b) The duty officer prepares a map of the narrow shipping channel to be passed. c) The duty officer asks the Engine Control Room (ECR) to ensure that the engine is ready to pass through the narrow shipping channel d) The duty officer calculates the UKC and Squat on the shipping channel to be passed e) The crew conducts a grounding drill to know their duties and responsibilities when running aground f) The skipper and duty officer apply P2TL rule 9 on Narrow channel.

Design and Implementation of Engine Order Telegraph With RS485 Communication for Ship Maneuvering

EOT (Engine Order Telegraph) is the embodiment of a machine-human interface that is controlled by the captain of the ship for safe and sustainable ship maneuvers as a basic part of a connected remote propulsion system. Remote control systems on modern ships usually have a control transfer system that allows control to be transferred between locations. Remote control is usually possible from two locations: the platform and the Engine Control Room (ECR). Some ships do not have a remote control handle on the ECR. When in bridge control mode, the bridge handle directly controls the engine set point. When in Engine Control Room mode, the bridge handle sends a telegraph signal to the ECR and the ECR handle controls the control system set point. In local control, the remote control system is inactive and the bridge handle sends a telegraph signal to the local control position and the machine is operated by its manual control in the engine room. In this study, an EOT device will be realized using the Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller and data communication using the RS485 serial from the bridge to the engine control room.

Влияние дефектов распылителя форсунки на расход топлива и контроль топливной аппаратуры на современном уровне

The basis of improving the vessel energy efficiency is economical operation of its power units - the main and auxiliary diesel engines, steam boilers. There has been described the smart control system for ship operation. The main parameters listed below are under constant control: fuel consumption of the main and auxiliary steam diesel engines, auxiliary steam boiler, operating time of the main and auxiliary diesel engines, auxiliary steam boiler; fuel level in consumable, settling and bunker fuel tanks; vessel speed, vessel position, weather conditions. The system includes flow meters, temperature, speed, power, and pressure sensors, GPS-station, digital converters, controllers, marine computer industrial design, monitors for parameters in the engine control room and on the bridge, special software for ships and offices. There has been determined the main goal of developing and assembling the system: to develop a reliable working tool for the crew and the main ashore office, to evaluate and control the quality of the vessel operation, to supplement the existing control methods with an improved and more understandable scheme of monitoring various parameters of the ship's operation, including fuel consumption. The results of developing and introducing the system help increase the actual energy efficiency of the vessel operation. An example of real-time fuel consumption control using the smart control system - ShipSmartView - is presented. The functionality of the system is quite wide. Graphs of the current fuel consumption which indicated the defect in the fuel equipment are given. Based on the data, overhaul of the fuel equipment was carried out and a malfunction of the nozzle - a crack - was defined. It has been proved that due to untimely detection of a malfunction, a loss of fuel was allowed.

Examining situational awareness, trust in automation, and workload in engine resources management: an evaluation of head-worn display technology

Work in the engine department is currently demanding more monitoring task. However, the current alarm systems that support operators during troubleshooting are deficient. In many cases, operators reach the engine control room (ECR) only to find a false alarm. This problem is likely to aggravate in the future as operators work in smaller numbers or even alone; therefore, task prioritization should be considered in a given context. Therefore, this study examines the application of head-worn displays in engine resources management to improve situational awareness (SA), trust in automation, and workload. A human-subject experiment was conducted using an engine plant simulator. The participants simultaneously performed maintenance and monitoring tasks in two scenarios: work conditions assisted with and without information on the head-worn display used as a cognition aid. Subjective measurement involved filling in questionnaires after each trial, whereas objective measurement used the simulator-recorded data. The results show that the availability of engine parameters and alarm indicators on a head-worn display is less significant in improving situational awareness. However, it can still help develop trust in automation and lower the workload. In addition, head-worn displays improve participants’ prioritization in a multi-tasking environment. The results indicate that examining these findings in actual work environments can help realize the future application of head-worn displays in ship operations.

Pengaruh Ketebalan Core Komposit Sandiwch Berpenguat Serat Pelepah Pisang-Kayu Jati untuk Aplikasi Partisi Peredam Suara pada Kamar Mesin Kapal

Natural fiber composites are one of the innovative materials in an effort to solve the waste problem. Banana midrib and sawdust are plantation and forestry wastes whose utilization is very minimal. This research was conducted to make sandwich composites reinforced with banana midrib fiber and sawdust which is intended to be able to replace glasswool to reduce noise in the engine control room. The use of glasswool is not good for health which if the particles are inhaled it causes respiratory problems. The thickness of the core in the sandwich composite was varied by 2, 4, and 6 mm. Sound absorption testing is carried out according to the ASTM E1050-19 standard. The hand lay up method and polyester resin were used to make natural fiber sandwich composites. The highest sound absorption coefficient on specimens 2-35 is 0.77. All specimens of sandwich composites produced in this study met the requirements for sound absorption installations in buildings (ɑ = 0.15). Along with the addition of the volume fraction reinforced on the core gives a parabolic effect with the addition of 35% giving the best results at thicknesses of 2 and 6 mm. The thinner the core provides a better sound absorption coefficient than other thicknesses.

Twin-screw vessel manoeuvrability: The traditional twin-rudder configuration vs pod-drives

The employment of twin pod-drives is spreading nowadays through the fleet of modern twin-screw vessels. The adoption of this steering device is of interest for both new-buildings and for retrofit because of the high manoeuvring effectiveness in restricted waters, free-sailing efficiency, hybrid-electric optimal engine control room space optimization and noise-comfort. In terms of manoeuvring, in particular, the control system offers great side-stepping and turning ability. On the other hand, the pod configuration could result in poorer course-keeping and yaw checking abilities at high-speed due to the more open stern shapes, together with the reduced appendages extension. In this respect, the IMO yaw-checking ability, represented by the usual overshoot angles of the zig-zag manoeuvre, should be carefully checked since an early stage. In this work, a simulation tool specifically developed to deal with twin rudder or twin pod ship configurations is described and validated against experimental results. Then, a first application of the tool is shown, presenting the results of a comparative study of spade and flap rudder setups against pod-driven units for a specific group of ships, allowing to show that, in this case, a proper design of pod units is not detrimental of the yaw checking ability.

SISTEM ENGINE ORDER TELEGRAPH DI ENGINE ROOM DENGAN KOMUNIKASI RS485 BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA2560

The EOT (Engine Order Telegraph) is the captain's safe and continuous embodiment of a human-machine interface as a basic part of a connected remote propulsion system. Remote control systems on modern ships usually have a control transfer system that allows control to be transferred between locations. Remote control is usually possible from two locations: the bridge and the Engine Control Room (ECR). Some ships do not have a remote control handle on the ECR. When in bridge control mode, the bridge hold directly controls the engine set point. When in Engine Control Room mode, the bridge handle sends a telegraph signal to the ECR and the ECR handle controls the control system set point. In local control, the remote control system is inactive and the bridge hold sends a telegraph signal to the local control position and the engine is operated by its manual control in the engine room. In this research, an EOT tool will be realized using the Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller and data communication using the RS485 serial from the bridge to the engine control room. The outputs of this research are prototypes of EOT tools, research reports, journal publications and HKI

Energy Efficient Railway Track Monitoring System Using Arduino

We construct this project with Arduino Microcontroller that takes core of data transmission turbulence transducer to the engine control room, Zigbee, GPS, GSM module, Transmitter, Receiver and Turbulence Sensor is used for energy efficient instead of IR and Ultrasonic Sensor. This project potentially compromises the physical requirement of Gunn man for constant safety check also saves the time and money for identification of crack. This project also ensures, not only safety of humans but also life of animals.

Measurement of situation awareness in engine control room: approach for non-technical skill assessment in engine resource management

Measurement of situation awareness in engine control room: approach for non-technical skill assessment in engine resource management

Physical influences on seafarers are different during their voyage episodes of port stay, river passage and sea passage: A maritime field study.

IntroductionDuring a sea voyage, crew members of vessels are permanently exposed to physical stress caused by noise, vibration and heat. This study aims to describe the extent of the physical influences on board container ships and the resulting stress.MethodsUp to four scientific investigators accompanied six sea voyages on container ships under German management. Workplace and person-related measurements for noise, vibration and climatic parameters were carried out on the vessels during the three different voyage episodes (port stay, river passage and sea passage).ResultsThe interviewed seafarers reported, in decreasing order, the level of psychological stress due to vibration (80.6%), noise (71.8%) and, much less, heat (45.7%) in the workplace.In terms of workplace-related physical measurements, the highest noise levels were found in the engine room (104 dB (A)), in the workshop (81 dB (A)) and on deck (77 dB (A)), irrespective of the voyage episode. Some noise measurements in the recreational area revealed levels above the threshold. All measured 180 vibration values were below the relevant threshold limits—with the highest values in the engine room (62 mm/s2), followed by the workshop (37 mm/s2) and the engine control room (34 mm/s2). In terms of thermal comfort, none of the measured climatic parameters differed significantly between the voyage episodes. According to the person-related physical measurements, the noise exposure was particularly pronounced among the engine room personnel with an average noise level of 96 dB (A) (often during cleaning, painting and repair work). In contrast, the deck crew and nautical officers were respectively exposed to an average level of 83 dB (A) and 77 dB (A) at work.DiscussionA relevant stress level due to physical loads was detectable in the present study. As ship crews are exposed to the physical influences on board for 7 days a week over several months, further research is recommended to assess the long-term health effects for seafarers.

A Comparative Research of Machine Learning Impact to Future of Maritime Transportation

Machine Learning (ML) can be defined as a level of algorithm which may allow software applications to create more accurate in forecasting outputs without being external programmed. Since maritime transportation requires smart technologies, adaptation of machine learning tools might provide utmost benefit for efficiency, sustainability and reduction of operational costs. As the data is core element to unlocking the uncertainty, it may help to improve shipping. So far, the data acquisition on maritime transportation is quite limited. Therefore, adaptation of machine learning techniques in the maritime transportation is narrow as compared to other industries. The aim of this paper is to discuss machine learning applications and their impacts to future of maritime transportation industry. A sets of comparative researches will be undertaken to present current situation and potential impacts to future in maritime transportation. With the help of this research, the maritime practitioners and professionals will gain an idea on focusing appropriate algorithm for a specific shipping problem such as voyage optimization and economics, sustainability of transportation, controlling of freight rates, maintenance forecasting, digitalization on bridge and engine control room, etc.

Managing unruly technologies in the engine control room: from problem patching to an architectural thinking and standardization

In recent years, the work in engine control rooms (ECRs) onboard ships is becoming increasingly demanding and complex due to growing presence of modern information technology (IT) applications introduced in a problem-patching fashion. Previous studies about ECRs discussed the design issues associated with physical and cognitive ergonomics and lack of regulatory support. This paper has re-examined a design case in an ECR on a merchant ship and discussed the potential of a service-oriented architectural approach to manage emerging unruly technologies and integrate distributed resources in the maritime human-technology system. An EU project was introduced to illustrate the value of this design approach. Confronted with the complexity issues residing in a sociotechnical system like the ECR, this conceptual paper suggests a shift of focus from patching individual problems locally to a holistic systems perspective on the maritime eco-system development, which would likely require more collaborative efforts of various maritime stakeholders in practice. Certain extent of mandatory standardization for deploying and managing information systems is considered to be critical in these collaborative endeavors.

Marine Engine Room Alarm Monitoring System

Alarms affect operations in most part of the ship. Their impact on modern Engine Control Room operations is no less significant. The state of an alarm system serves as an indication of the extent to which the ship’s operations are under management control. Thus, the design of efficient and reliable alarm monitoring system is vital for safe and sound operations. Although several design techniques have been proposed, all the proposed design methods employ sophisticated and expensive approaches in resolving alarm issues. In this paper, a cheap, yet reliable and efficient alarm design method for engine room device monitoring is presented. The design method employs PLCs and SCADA-based system and adopts certain basic design requirements of alarm monitoring system presented in literary works. Reasons for such a design method are highlighted, and the programming platforms for the design are given. The strengths and weaknesses of some design methods presented in some published works are reported and solutions to such problems are proposed. The proposed design technique, including fault diagnostic algorithm, have been subjected to real-time online testing at the shipyard, specifically ChangjiangWaterway Bureau, China (ship name–Ning Dao 501). The testing results proved that this design technique is reliable, efficient and effective for online engine control room device monitoring.

Enhancing human performance in ship operations by modifying global design factors at the design stage

Usually the improvements of human performance in the course of ship design process is carried out by modifying local ergonomics, like electronic visualisation and information display systems on the bridge or in the engine control room, stair or hatch covers design. However, the effect of global design factors (GDFs), such as ship motion, whole body vibration and noise, on human performance has not been given attention before. Such knowledge would allow the improvements of human performance by effective design modification on very early stage of ship design process.Therefore, in this paper we introduce probabilistic models linking the effect of GDFs with the human performance suitable for ship design process. As a theoretical basis for modelling human performance the concept of Attention Management is utilized, which combines the theories described by Dynamic Adaptability Model, Cognitive Control Model and Malleable Attentional Resources Theory.Since the analysed field is characterised by a high degree of uncertainty, we adopt a specific modelling technique along with a validation framework that allows uncertainty treatment and helps the potential end-users to gain confidence in the models and the results that they yield. The proposed models are developed with the use Bayesian Belief Networks, which allows systematic translation of the available background knowledge into a coherent network and the uncertainty assessment and treatment.The obtained results are promising as the models are responsive to changes in the GDF nodes as expected. The models may be used as intended by naval architects and vessel designers, to facilitate risk-based ship design.

A three-dimensional CFD simulation study to reduce heat stress in ships

The present research shows a real case study of risk prevention during engine room work using a complete three-dimensional CFD thermal model. The results displayed the hottest points, and as a consequence the hazardous places in the engine room that are near the main engine turbocharger. The maximum time in the hottest places and the minimum time needed in the engine control room to release the accumulated heat were modelled in accordance with the tasks to be done under the hottest navigation conditions. Thus, a relationship between tasks and working places was obtained, allowing to develop low hazardous activities in the engine room, in such a way that these results could be an excellent initial guide for future standards in shipbuilding and operation.

Ship Engine Control Room Design

A ships’ engine control room (ECR) is of central importance to the engine department and overall vessel operation. Modern day ships are becoming increasingly technologically sophisticated and computerization has a growing presence in the engine department. A large portion of marine engineering duties are now dedicated to remotely managing equipment from the ECR. In order to optimize control room design and layout from a user-centered perspective numerous safety-critical industries have implemented mandatory regulations which utilize human factors and ergonomics (HF&E) knowledge. However, shipping’s highest governing body, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) currently lacks regulatory support in this area. This paper examines international mandatory regulations and non-mandatory guidelines regarding the human element which influence ECR design. Analysis reveals that a disconnect exists between the regulations which specify ship design criteria and those which specify seafarer training competencies and safe operational procedures. From a regulatory perspective ECR design does not support ECR operation. Assessment of current regulatory gaps establishes a base for developing engine department-specific HF&E applications. Safer shipping practices can be fostered by facilitating operational demands through work environment design. However, due to the complexity of international shipping laws mandatory regulations are the only way to ensure effective implementation.

스마트폰 앱을 이용한 산업용 엔진의 모니터링 시스템 개발에 관한 연구

In this study, a wire/wireless communication system transmitting the operation data of engine from the ER (Engine Room) to the engine controller of ECR(Engine Control Room) has been developed through the communication of ISM(Industrial Science Medical) Band for the test operation environment improvement of medium speed engine. This wire/wireless communication system is composed of the RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) gathering and transmitting engine data as well as the MCU (Master Control Unit) receiving engine status information from the RTU to be sent to the engine controller (PLC). Through this study, a trial product of RTU and MCU has been manufactured. A test bench that has made temperature, pressure and pick-up sensor into a module for the local test of prototype was produced a test bench. In addition, at the same time save the data to a Web server and the smart phone real-time monitoring system has been developed using Wi-Fi communications. The ultimate objective of this study is to develop a wireless smart phone monitoring system of engine for the operator of engine to be able to monitor and control engine status even from the outside of engine room and control room based on this study.

MAN-B&W 10L90MC Main Engine a Starting Trouble of Remote Control System Analysis

Main engine remote control system of modern ship with unattended engine room is vital for the navigational safety , through a starting trouble of the AUTOCHIEF-IV remote control system, analyzes the air starting process of the system from the “Local”“Bridge”“Engine Control Room”position ， identify the trouble reason and solve the fault, put forward the daily work of the special note, provide for work personnel to valuable reference.

Case study of safe working conditions in spanish merchant ships

Objective: This paper aims to show a practical case study of safety assessment concerning possible injuries and fire occurring in the engine room on-board a merchant ship, due to fatigue.Methods: The methodology was centred in literature hazard identification, measurements in real ships and heat stress indices definition.Results: Some corrections are proposed in order to obtain a safe environment for workers in the engine control room and to prevent fatigue risks at the engine room. This will allow adequate oil leakage detection and, as a consequence, improve fire prevention.Discussion: Training is a preventive control option, but this study allows the understanding of new corrective control options like design corrections.

Performance of a Relay System for Two Extreme Ends of a Vessel at 2.4 GHz

Due to the complex metallic environment onboard a vessel, it is difficult to establish a communication link in the ISM frequency band of 2.4 GHz between the two extreme ends of the vessel, i.e., the bridge room and the engine control room (ECR). Therefore, in this letter, a relay system is proposed to overcome the difficulty. The cargo hull with its analogous waveguide structure is found to be a good location for relay. The cargo hull's structure demonstrates wave guiding effect that is able to enhance radio wave propagation. Wideband channel sounding has been conducted over two independent links of a relay system: from the bridge room to the cargo hull, and from the cargo hull to the ECR. Based on the measured impulse responses, channel performances such as average received power, root mean square (rms) delay spread, and ray decay factor are studied and compared for the two links. A maximum usable bandwidth of 0.5 MHz can be achieved without using any equalizer at 2.4 GHz. Although this bandwidth is small, it is sufficient for the transmission of low-data-rate images.