Engagement Tool Research Articles

The Usage of Indigenous Languages as a Tool for Meaningful Engagement With Northern Indigenous Governments and Communities

The Usage of Indigenous Languages as a Tool for Meaningful Engagement With Northern Indigenous Governments and Communities

Nonprofit Organizations and Political Protest: Social Media Coverage of Protest Action by Public Organizations

There are quite a few groups of actors in Russia who have their own unique interests and influence the country's political system. In general, all interests can be divided into three large clusters: state, commercial, and public. However, it should be noted that often these interests do not coincide with each other, which can lead to conflict situations. In such cases, one of the response options may be the use of various forms of protest, including rallies, marches and pickets. These forms of protest are widely used by both citizens and domestic nonprofit organizations. This article examines how nonprofit organizations cover protests that occurred between 2020 and 2022. The authors examine the different approaches these organizations take to draw attention to the issues they face. Nonprofit organizations are uniquely positioned to draw attention to important issues and changes in the country, and to work for the public good. They can act as a powerful tool for civic engagement. In this article we also look at the various forms of protest that nonprofit organizations use and how they can influence the political life of the country.

Innovative Marketing Strategies in China's Telecommunication Sector: Adapting to the Digital Age

This research study examined the innovative marketing strategies employed by telecommunication firms in China's rapidly evolving digital age. The study focused on the past practices and adaptations made by companies to navigate the dynamic landscape of the telecommunication sector in China. A literature-based approach was adopted, incorporating scholarly articles, industry reports, and case studies to establish a comprehensive understanding of the marketing strategies implemented by telecommunication firms in China. The analysis encompassed historical data and industry trends to identify key strategies that were employed in the past. The research shed light on the innovative marketing strategies adopted by telecommunication firms in response to the emerging digital age. It explored the use of digital platforms, social media, and mobile applications as effective tools for customer engagement and brand promotion. Furthermore, the study delved into the past experiences of telecommunication firms in China, assessing their ability to adapt to the changing consumer preferences and technological advancements. The analysis revealed the significance of customer-centric approaches, personalized marketing campaigns, and data-driven strategies in the success of telecommunication firms. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the marketing strategies implemented by telecommunication firms in China's digital age. The insights gained from the analysis can inform the future marketing strategies and approaches of telecommunication companies, helping them adapt to the ever-changing market dynamics. The research underscores the importance of agility and innovation in the face of the digital age, emphasizing the need for continuous evolution and adaptation in marketing strategies. By learning from past experiences and embracing innovative approaches, telecommunication firms in China can establish a competitive edge and effectively cater to the evolving needs of their customers. In conclusion, the study emphasized the importance of adapting to changing market dynamics and employing customer-centric, data-driven approaches to achieve success in the telecommunication sector. Keywords: Innovative marketing strategies, China's telecommunication sector, Adapting, Digital age, Digital platforms

Peranan Tari Batile, Tari Berburu Suku Anak Dalam Jambi untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Seni Siswa di Sekolah Dasar

Batile Dance, a hunting dance originating from the Anak Dalam tribe in Jambi, plays a significant role in enhancing the artistic creativity of elementary school students. This dance is not only a valuable cultural heritage but also a powerful source of inspiration for the younger generation. This research aims to delve deeper into the role of Batile Dance in enriching the artistic creativity of elementary school students. The research adopts a qualitative approach with observation, interviews, and documentation as the methods. The participants in this study are elementary school students involved in Batile Dance learning activities. The research findings indicate that Batile Dance has a significant influence in enriching the artistic creativity of elementary school students. Through practicing this dance, students can develop their imagination, enhance their motor skills, and sharpen their ability to express themselves artistically. Batile Dance also provides opportunities for students to learn cultural values, local wisdom, and respect for nature. In the context of art education in elementary schools, Batile Dance can be integrated into the curriculum to enrich students' art experiences. Teachers can utilize this dance as an engaging learning tool, involving students in the creative process and fostering curiosity and exploration in art. Thus, Batile Dance has the potential to greatly contribute to the development of artistic creativity among elementary school students.

Data Analyses of Quarry Operations and Maintenance Schedules: A Production Optimization Study

In this research, data analytics and machine learning were used to identify the performance metrics of loaders and haul trucks during mining operations. We used real-time collected data from loaders and haul trucks operating in multiple quarries to broaden the scope of the study and remove bias. Our model indicates relationships between multiple variables and their impacts on production in an operation. Data analysis was also applied to ground engagement tools (GET) to identify key preventative maintenance schedules to minimize production impact from capital equipment downtime. Through analysis of the loader’s data, it was found there is an efficient cycle time of around 35 s to 40 s, which yielded a higher payload. The decision tree classifier algorithm created a model that was 87.99% accurate in estimating the performance of a loader based on a full analysis of the data. Based on the distribution of production variables across each type of loader performing in a similar work environment, the Caterpillar 992K and 990K were the highest-yielding machines. Production efficiency was compared before and after maintenance periods of ground engaging tools on loader buckets. With the use of maintenance and production records for these tools, it was concluded that there was no distinguishable change in average production and percentage change in production value before and after maintenance days.

Service-Learning: a tool for Civic Engagement and empathy development in university students

Service-Learning combines a university study programme with a service experience that aims to respond to social problems in the area. Through this experience in which students play a leading role, they acquire stronger disciplinary and transversal skills and a greater sense of civic responsibility. Empathy is clearly among the soft skills that seem to benefit from SL, as shown by some studies compared in a meta-analysis. It is not easy to organise effective SL activities as they entail a significant commitment for the university, which is called upon to review its curriculum and carry out its Third Mission. In Italy, virtuous examples include the projects organised by the Department of Psychology of the University of Turin. Service-Learning: uno strumento di engagement civile e sviluppo dell’empatia negli studenti universitari. Il Service-Learning coniuga un programma di studio universitario con un’esperienza di servizio che intende rispondere ai problemi sociali del territorio. Lo studente, attraverso questa esperienza che lo vede protagonista, ottiene maggiori competenze disciplinari ma anche trasversali e un maggior senso di responsabilità civica. Tra le soft skills che sembrano beneficiare del SL rientra sicuramente l’empatia, come dimostrano alcuni studi confrontati in una meta-analisi. Non è semplice organizzare attività di SL efficaci poiché comportano un grande impegno per l’Università, chiamata a ripensare il proprio curriculum e svolgere la Terza Missione. In Italia, tra gli esempi virtuosi, si possono annoverare i progetti organizzati dal Dipartimento di Psicologia dell’Università di Torino.

Community engagement in the development of health-related data visualizations: a scoping review.

This scoping review aims to address a gap in the literature on community engagement in developing data visualizations intended to improve population health. The review objectives are to: (1) synthesize literature on the types of community engagement activities conducted by researchers working with community partners and (2) characterize instances of "creative data literacy" within data visualizations developed in community-researcher partnerships. Using the 2018 PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, the review focuses on peer-reviewed journal articles from 2010 to 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A community engagement tool was applied to the studies by independent reviewers to classify levels of community engagement, social determinants, and vulnerable populations. Twenty-seven articles were included in the scoping review. Twelve articles worked with vulnerable populations. Four articles attempted to alleviate barriers to representation in their respective studies, with addressing language barriers being the most prevalent approach. Thirteen articles considered social determinants of health. Sixteen studies engaged in iterative approaches with intended users when developing the visualization or tool. Only a few significant examples of creative data literacy are incorporated in the studies. We recommend a specific focus on engaging intended users at every step of the development process, addressing language and cultural differences, and empowering intended users as data storytellers. There is room for deeper and more meaningful community involvement in the development of health-related data visualizations geared towards them.

Crafting the future of the artificial womb - speculative design as a tool for public engagement with emerging technologies

This study aimed to characterise the potential of speculative design in public engagement with emerging technologies. Current initiatives in public engagement have important drawbacks, such as the focus on quantifiable impacts, abstract reasoning and difficulties in imagining potential futures. Speculative design is considered a promising tool for public engagement because of its ability to open up dialogues about the societal implications of emerging technologies. Realising its potential depends on a thorough understanding of the reflective practices induced by speculative design. In this study we identified enabling factors for reflective practices to unfold and 3 ways of questioning human-technology relations, namely through scenarios, stereotypes and lived experiences. Our findings show that speculative design encourages imagining futures and facilitates reflection on qualitative impacts in various forms of knowledge by providing thought-provoking prospects. The medium has shortcomings, however. For participants to take on the role of creative moral agents the design needs to tread the fine line between activating them through ambiguity and informing them. Comparing our findings with pragmatist ethics, we show how speculative design can put into practice the four most prominent features of pragmatist democratic ethical deliberation.

A scoping review of social media use as a form of engagement among people with dementia

AbstractBackgroundThere are an estimated 50 million adults living with dementia worldwide, a number that is projected to triple by 2050 (Patterson, 2018). Because there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, maintaining and supporting quality life are among the most important care targets. Engagement in meaningful and purposeful activities is a cornerstone of quality of life, however opportunities for participation in meaningful activities can be limited for people with dementia (Wenborn et al., 2008). Although social media has the potential to be a source of engagement and connectivity for people with dementia, there is little known about the impacts of social media use on engagement‐related outcomes in people with dementia.MethodTwo databases (PubMed and PsychINFO) were searched from 2000 through November 12st, 2021 for English‐language articles with search terms relating to dementia and social media in the title. The search returned 23 articles after removal of duplicates with 7 selected for inclusion into the review.ResultAlthough there has been an increase in the scholarly exploration of using social media as a tool or raising awareness about dementia and providing a space for connection for carers, there is little research examining social media use in people with dementia. The research that does exist has primarily explored Twitter use and people with early‐onset dementia. Themes that emerged from the articles reviewed included 1) social media use as a tool to counter loss of identity, 2) social media as a forum for support following a diagnosis, 3) a need for greater accessibility, 4) the presence and lack of consideration regarding safety and privacy risks, and 5) dementia activism as a source of engagement and purpose.ConclusionThe potential for social media to be a tool for social engagement for people living with dementia is relatively unexplored as are the considerations for safety and privacy. There is a need to more broadly understand the patterns and context of social media use among people with dementia. There are also opportunities for interventions using social media as a pathway to intergenerational and social connection, meaningful engagement, and cognitive stimulation.

Social media hook sports events: a systematic review of engagement

Social media are nowadays used in all sectors, and likewise frequently within the sports industry. However, there is a lack of studies that offer a holistic understanding of the phenomenon of social media engagement (SME) in this area. Thus, the main object of the present study was the elaboration of a systematic review of the existing literature of the past ten years about SME within the field of sports events. The study was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. By searching the databases Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Academic Search Ultimate, we identified 208 studies. After screening and reviewing for eligibility, we finally included 28 articles in the present study. The methodologies, types of analysis applied, main objectives, and the results on SME of the articles included in the synthesis were systematically reviewed. The findings showed that only four articles had as a principal theme the SME. Social media offer a useful tool for engagement, but SME adopts must still gain greater recognition. The need to co-create with users and engage them on social media, due to the great utility of social media in this sector is highlighted based on the results. It was found that SME around sports events remains an emerging and still developing research field which presents a wide range of future research lines.

Using Digital Technology to Build COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence: A Qualitative Study among Latinx Parents of Children Aged 5-11 in Under-Resourced Communities across Los Angeles County.

Background: Latinx school-aged children are more than twice as likely to be infected with and die from COVID-19 as non-Latinx White children in Los Angeles. Although COVID-19 vaccination has the potential to mitigate health disparities exacerbated by the pandemic, vaccination uptake among Latinx children remains limited. MiVacunaLA (MVLA) is a mobile-phone-delivered digital intervention that improved vaccination rates in 12- to 17-year-old Latinx children and parental intention to vaccinate 2- to 11-year-old children. Since piloting MVLA, the COVID-19 vaccine became available to children aged 5-11. We sought to understand parental experiences with the MVLA intervention and their attitudes and beliefs about vaccinating their young children to improve vaccination confidence in the Latinx community. Methods: We conducted six virtual focus groups with 47 parents/caregivers of children aged 5-11 who participated in the MVLA intervention. We used standard qualitative content analysis methods and rigid and accelerated data reduction to identify and analyze major themes discussed in the sessions. Results: Each salient theme from our focus groups was mapped to one of the 5Cs constructs. The themes included the parents' need for more contemplation about vaccinating their children than about vaccinating themselves; the parents' need for trusted sources of vaccine information; the parents' motivations to vaccinate their children against COVID-19; parental concern about short- and long-term effects of the vaccine in children; digital technology and videos as useful engagement tools; and age and health stratification as an approach to parental vaccination decision-making. Conclusions: The results of this study clarify the key factors that influence the decision of Latinx parents and caregivers to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Our findings can inform efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates among children in underserved Latinx communities, especially regarding the use of digital technologies for promoting vaccine confidence.

Divulging the Lived Experiences of Public School Teachers in the U.S.A. during COVID-19 Pandemic: Phenomenological Analysis

This research examined the lived experiences of public school teachers in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative design was performed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Twenty public school teachers in the United States formed the sample, with the inclusion criterion being a minimum of three years’ teaching experience, including the pandemic. To meet the safety measure protocols set by the U.S. government, the data gathering was conducted online using Microsoft Forms. The semi-structured interviews comprised two sections: the first ascertained the respondents’ profiling and the second revealed their first-hand experiences. The thematic analysis approach was utilized to analyze the data. The findings disclosed five emerging themes: 1) low student engagement; 2) unstable internet connection; 3) professional development as school district support; 4) utilization of online engagement tools to leverage classroom engagement; and 5) evident parental support. School districts, teachers, parents, students, and potential researchers were provided with recommendations for improving online and hybrid instruction. In addition to implementing socio-emotional learning programs and addressing slow internet connections, it is advised that school districts train teachers on how to use the tools, software, and techniques for online and hybrid instruction. Teachers who are having difficulty in adjusting to online learning should think about developing their capabilities for helping students while finding a healthy balance in terms of stress management. The use of technology to support students should be adequately taught to parents. Future studies on the pandemic's effects on education should continue.

Understanding student success in higher education in Azerbaijan: the role of student engagement

ABSTRACT Research on student engagement in higher education (HE) has addressed the conceptualisation, measurement and criticism of the phenomenon over the last two decades, predominantly in Western countries. The conceptualisation of student engagement has received little attention in countries of a lengthy association with the Soviet realm. This study investigated student engagement in Azerbaijani universities using the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) tool, under licence granted by Indiana University in 2018, to gather data. The survey was conducted among more than 430 students at eight Azerbaijani universities to explore what universities do to engage their students in learning. After a preliminary examination of the data for reliability, only the data from urban universities comprising 266 students were considered suitable for further analysis. The data were analysed to look at descriptive statistics and to identify linkages between student activities and student outcomes in Azerbaijan through bivariate correlation and regression analysis. The study revealed that, according to the NSSE categories, a supportive student environment and the quality of interactions, combined under the campus environment theme, and student–faculty interactions were essential elements for student learning, success, satisfaction and engagement in academically challenging practices.

Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions on the Use of Padlet as an Educational Tool for an Academic Engagement: Qualitative Study

This research study aimed at investigating the undergraduate students’ perceptions of the opportunities and challenges of utilizing Padlet and its effects on academic engagement. The research followed a qualitative approach. Fifteen students from Qatar University's Research Methods course were intentionally chosen to demonstrate the diversity of specialization (humanitarian, scientific) and academic stage (first year - fourth year). Three semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the research data that analyzed according to thematic analysis strategies. The researchers used two strategies for achieving trustworthiness in this study research. The findings of this research revealed that the participants were enthusiastic about their experience with Padlet. They mentioned various advantages related to academic engagement such as enhancing active learning. The participants highlighted the role of Padlet in enhancing critical thinking skills. Further, the provided feedback via Padlet was constructive. Despite the advantages, the participant also noted some difficulties encountered when using Padlet. Recommendations for higher education institutions and future ramifications were considered.

Explaining holistic image regressors and classifiers in urban analytics with plausible counterfactuals

We propose a new form of plausible counterfactual explanation designed to explain the behaviour of computer vision systems used in urban analytics that make predictions based on properties across the entire image, rather than specific regions of it. We illustrate the merits of our approach by explaining computer vision models used to analyse street imagery, which are now widely used in GeoAI and urban analytics. Such explanations are important in urban analytics as researchers and practioners are increasingly reliant on it for decision making. Finally, we perform a user study that demonstrate our approach can be used by non-expert users, who might not be machine learning experts, to be more confident and to better understand the behaviour of image-based classifiers/regressors for street view analysis. Furthermore, the method can potentially be used as an engagement tool to visualise how public spaces can plausibly look like. The limited realism of the counterfactuals is a concern which we hope to improve in the future.

What values drive communities’ nutrition priorities in a resource constrained urban area in South Africa?

BackgroundVoices of under-resourced communities are recognised as important yet are often unheard in decisions about healthcare resource allocation. Deliberative public engagement can serve as an effective mechanism for involving communities in establishing nutrition priorities. This study sought to identify the priorities of community members of a South African township, Soweto, and describe the underlying values driving their prioritisation process, to improve nutrition in the first 1000 days of life.MethodsWe engaged 54 community members (28 men and 26 women aged > 18 years) from Soweto. We conducted seven group discussions to determine how to allocate limited resources for prioritising nutrition interventions. We used a modified public engagement tool: CHAT (Choosing All Together) which presented 14 nutrition intervention options and their respective costs. Participants deliberated and collectively determined their nutritional priorities. Choices were captured quantitatively, while group discussions were audio-recorded. A thematic analysis was undertaken to identify the reasons and values associated with the selected priorities.ResultsAll groups demonstrated a preference to allocate scarce resources towards three priority interventions—school breakfast provisioning, six-months paid maternity leave, and improved food safety. All but one group selected community gardens and clubs, and five groups prioritised decreasing the price of healthy food and receiving job search assistance. Participants’ allocative decisions were guided by several values implicit in their choices, such as fairness and equity, efficiency, social justice, financial resilience, relational solidarity, and human development, with a strong focus on children. Priority interventions were deemed critical to supporting children’s optimal development and well-being, interrupting the intergenerational cycle of poverty and poor human development in the community.ConclusionOur study demonstrates how public engagement can facilitate the incorporation of community values and programmatic preferences into nutrition priority setting, enabling a responsive approach to local community needs, especially in resource constrained contexts. Findings could guide policy makers to facilitate more appropriate decisions and to improve nutrition in the first 1000 days of life.

Evaluating the Potential of MAMCA as a Framework for Stakeholder Engagement during the Setup of Energy Communities

The current energy transition is characterized by a high level of consumer and prosumer involvement. Energy communities (ECs) are instruments that fit into this trend, as they organize the collective and mainly citizen-driven exchange of clean energy. Most stakeholder engagement research for ECs focuses on one aspect such as awareness raising or deployment acceptance. Hitherto, no specific research has been conducted on a participatory approach that can be applied throughout all the phases of an EC setup and for different purposes. In our study, we determine how the Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria analysis (MAMCA) methodology can be used as an engagement tool for this purpose. By linking potential engagement goals and their connected tools and techniques to the corresponding MAMCA step, we have created a multi-layered practical framework that can be used by all types of EC initiators for stakeholder engagement throughout the setup of a new EC. As this practical tool stimulates solutions that cater better to stakeholder needs, it can contribute to smoother deployment and an associated increase in ECs in the general system. A theoretical evaluation and a performed case study demonstrate the utility of the methodology that is developed in this paper.

Impact of game-based learning strategies in student engagement in Health Professions education

Learning is enhanced when students are involved and engaged. However, in the past years there has been an increase in student disengagement. Class attendance is decreasing and students do not complete their assignments or turn work on time. Research has demonstrated that engagement allows the student to develop higher-level critical thinking, which is essential in Health Professions. Providing opportunities for this intellectual engagement is necessary to capture the student’s attention and numerous technologies have surged to meet this goal. One of the teaching resources utilized as an engagement tool in the classroom is gamification and game-based learning strategies. In this study, we developed game based educational resources and assessed their impact in student engagement and learning in Optometry students. A total of 66 students were enrolled in a Systemic Pathology course. The course used flipped instruction and students were asked to watch pre-recorded lectures or videos on a topic before the on-site session, where they worked in groups on a case based on that topic. The game-based learning approach was used for some of the course cases and consisted in using multiple games provided by the instructor to provide a short answer for the case questions. At the end of the semester, all the students completed a feedback questionnaire. The students reported that solving cases during class, independent of the use of games, was beneficial to their learning (79%). They perceived the use of games as enjoyable (68%) and reported an improvement in their learning (69% reporting from beneficial sometimes to very often) when compared to the traditional cases without the game component. Furthermore, we compared this cohort to the same course offered the previous year with no game-based activities to determine the impact on student performance. We found that the two groups obtained similar scores in the quizzes, final exam, and course average. In conclusion, the use of game-based learning strategies increased the engagement of the students and their perception of what they learned, however, it did not seem to improve their academic performance in the course. APS Teaching Career Enhancement Award This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Initiating decolonization: from The Last Straw! to Whāriki

The board game, The Last Straw!, is part of the Aotearoa (New Zealand) public health and medical curriculum at the University of Otago. An engaging and effective teaching tool about the social determinants of health, the game falls short by being silent about Indigenous experiences. A project is underway to adapt The Last Straw! for play following an Indigenous framework, kaupapa Māori (Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) approach). The game board is being redesigned as Whāriki, a woven mat. The mat represents a metaphor for life as strands of thread are woven throughout the lifecourse, and the thread characteristics impact the strength and qualities of the mat. This brief commentary outlines the first stage of adapting this resource, illustrating decolonizing the public health and medical curriculum in a way that honours and embeds te ao Māori (the Māori worldview), making them visible and intentional.

THE SCHOOL HEADS LEADERSHIP STYLES AND QUALITIES TO THE TEACHERS’ EFFECTIVENESS AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN LAGUNA

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the school heads leadership styles to the teachers effectiveness and school performance in terms of transformational leadership styles, instructional leadership, moral or ethical leadership and multiple leadership styles and to determine the school heads leadership qualities to teacher effectiveness and school performance in terms of visionary, trustworthy, flexible, interpersonal skills, innovative, initiative and empowerment. The study was conducted in the first semester of S.Y. 2022-2023 at Paete, Pakil, Pangil, Liliw and Pagsanjan Sub-office/District in Laguna. The data and information were gathered by using survey questionnaires composing of eighty (80) questions that were answered by the selected teachers at five (5) Sub-office/District. The school heads leadership styles in terms of transformational leadership styles, particularly their willingness to accept responsibilities, inspire participation, and trust listen actively, and seek feedback, and be open to new thinking and taking risks have a significant impact on the success of schools and their stakeholders. Based on the study by Saleem, Mahmood, Khan (2018) on the relationship between transformational and organizational performance in Pakistani higher education institution found that leader who were open to new thinking and willing to take risks were more successful in promoting innovation and adapting to change. In addition to this, the visionary leadership qualities, visibility, transparency, technical assistance, and empowerment of the school heads leadership qualities was observed to have a significant relationship to the teachers effectiveness and school performance. This implies that these qualities and interpersonal skills of the school head are important factors in developing positive relationship between principals and teachers to impact student achievement. The study revealed that there is significant relationship between the transformational leadership styles in terms of planning and preparation, instruction, classroom environment and professional responsibilities and indicate direct relationship among the variables considered. Moreover, there are significant relationship between all the qualities of the school heads concerning (OPCRF) Office Performance Commitment and Review Form and (SBM) School-Based Management in terms of visionary, trustworthy, flexible, interpersonal skills, innovative, initiative and empowerment to teachers effectiveness and school performance. Thus, the researcher further concludes that the researchers null hypothesis “there is no significant relationship between the school head leadership styles to teachers effectiveness and school performance was rejected and the null hypothesis” there is no significant relationship between the school head qualities to teachers effectiveness and school performance was rejected too. The conclusion drawn from the findings, the following recommendations are hereby given: the school heads must be more open to new thinking and willing to takes risks and they must show more empathy not only to their teachers and fellow school heads but to everyone, the school heads must be more open to criticism, and vulnerable in favor of the needs of the people. It also recommends that school heads must share power with the subordinates and give them the authority to decide. Provide more engaging and interactive educational tools. Perform appropriate instructional supervision in the new normal setting of basic education services to achieve the desired learning outcomes and performance standards. Increase Practice of SBM Level from Level 2 to Level 3.