Engagement In Leisure Activities Research Articles

The relationship between participation in leisure activities and incidence of falls in residential aged care.

Active engagement in leisure activities has positive effects on individuals' health outcomes and social functioning; however, there is limited understanding of the link between participation in leisure activities, particularly non-exercise activities, and falls in older adults. This study aimed to determine the relationship between participation in leisure activities and the incidence of falls, and the variation of this relationship by dementia status in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). A retrospective longitudinal cohort study utilising routinely collected data (January 2021-August 2022) from 25 RACFs in Sydney, Australia, was conducted. The cohort included 3,024 older permanent residents (1,493 with dementia and 1,531 without) aged ≥65 and with a stay of ≥1 week. The level of participation in leisure activities was measured using the number of leisure activities per 1,000 resident days and divided into quartiles. Outcome measures were the incidence rate of all falls and injurious falls (i.e., number of falls per 1,000 resident days). We used multilevel negative binary regression to examine the relationship between leisure participation and fall incidence. For the whole sample, leisure participation was significantly inversely associated with the incidence rate of all falls and injurious falls. For example, residents in the high leisure participation group were 26% less likely to experience a fall compared to those in the low leisure participation group after controlling for confounders (incidence rate ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval = 0.60, 0.91). Such inverse relationship was observed in both exercise and non-exercise activities and was stronger among residents without dementia. Leisure participation is associated with a lower rate of falls, a key quality indicator by which RACFs are benchmarked and funded in Australia and many other countries. More recognition and attention are needed for the currently underfunded leisure activities in RACFs in future funding arrangement.

Data-driven clustering approach to identify novel clusters of high cognitive impairment risk among Chinese community-dwelling elderly people with normal cognition: A national cohort study.

Cognitive impairment is a highly heterogeneous disorder that necessitates further investigation into the distinct characteristics of populations at varying risk levels of cognitive impairment. Using a large-scale registry cohort of elderly individuals, we applied a data-driven approach to identify novel clusters based on diverse sociodemographic features. A prospective cohort of 6398 elderly people from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, followed between 2008-14, was used to develop and validate the model. Participants were aged ≥60 years, community-dwelling, and the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥18 were included. Sixty-nine sociodemographic features were included in the analysis. The total population was divided into two-thirds for the derivation cohort (n = 4265) and one-third for the validation cohort (n = 2133). In the derivation cohort, an unsupervised Gaussian mixture model was applied to categorise participants into distinct clusters. A classifier was developed based on the most important 10 factors and was applied to categorise participants into their corresponding clusters in a validation cohort. The difference in the three-year risk of cognitive impairment was compared across the clusters. We identified four clusters with distinct features in the derivation cohort. Cluster 1 was associated with the worst life independence, longest sleep duration, and the oldest age. Cluster 2 demonstrated the highest loneliness, characterised by non-marital status and living alone. Cluster 3 was characterised by the lowest sense of loneliness and the highest proportions in marital status and family co-residence. Cluster 4 demonstrated heightened engagement in exercise and leisure activity, along with independent decision-making, hygiene, and a diverse diet. In comparison to Cluster 4, Cluster 1 exhibited the highest three-year cognitive impairment risk (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.81-6.05), followed by Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 after adjustment for baseline MMSE, residence, sex, age, years of education, drinking, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and stroke or cardiovascular diseases. A data-driven approach can be instrumental in identifying individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment among cognitively normal elderly populations. Based on various sociodemographic features, these clusters can suggest individualised intervention plans.

Moderating role of depression in the association between leisure activity and cognitive function among the disabled older people.

This study delves into the complex interaction between leisure activities and cognitive function in older people with disabilities, with a particular emphasis on the moderating influence of depression. Despite the well-documented cognitive benefits of leisure activities among the older people, the intricate relationship between depression and the association between leisure activities and cognitive function in this specific demographic has been rarely reported. Drawing on data from the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), this study meticulously examined a cohort of 713 participants aged 65-89 years. We constructed a moderation model to examine the impact of leisure activity on cognitive function in older people with disabilities, with depression levels as a moderating variable. We found a positive association between engagement in leisure activities and cognitive function, highlighting the potential cognitive advantages associated with leisure engagement among disabled older people. However, the present analysis also reveals a significant moderation effect of depression on this relationship, shedding light on the nuanced nature of this association. Specifically, elevated levels of depression emerge as a critical moderator, attenuating the otherwise favorable impact of leisure activities on cognitive function among older people contending with disabilities. In conclusion, the findings provide a compelling rationale for tailored interventions that comprehensively target both leisure activity engagement and concurrent depression management, effectively fostering improvements in cognitive function among the cohort of disabled older people.

Impacts of Gang Involvement on Health and Well-Being: The Perilous Dimensions of Leisure

Extant studies on gangs have primarily focused on the adverse effects of gang activity on communities and risk factors for involvement, while information on the impacts of engagement in deviant leisure activities associated with gangs on the health and well-being of gang members is lacking. Therefore, using constructivist grounded theory and the biopsychosocial model, this study explored the impacts of gang affiliation and related leisure on the physical and mental well-being and life prospects of former gang members. Data were collected through 39 in-depth interviews with 38 former gang members and recreation practitioners working with gangs. Findings revealed that gang-related leisure was detrimental to physical health, leading to acquired addictions, injuries, and disabilities. Mental health consequences included depression, suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders, emotional detachment, and anger issues. These psychological traumas, guilt, self-doubts, trust issues, and the stigma of gang membership negatively affected their social relations and life prospects.

The longitudinal relationship between leisure activities and depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults: an autoregressive cross-lagged analysis approach

BackgroundExisting studies have shown a correlation between leisure activities and depressive symptoms in older adults, but the direction of the longitudinal relationship is inconsistent. This study used an autoregressive cross-lagged model to examine the longitudinal relationship between leisure activity participation and geriatric depression.MethodsA total of 7,138 participants aged 60 years or older from the 2nd to the 4th wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analysed.ResultsFirst, present depressive symptoms were significantly associated with future depressive symptoms (β2013-2015 = .893, p < .001; β2015-2018 = .946, p < .001), and the same rule applied to leisure activities (β2013-2015 = .402, p < .001; β2015-2018 = .404, p < .001). Second, current depressive symptoms negatively predicted future leisure activities (β2013-2015 = –.071, p < .001; β2015-2018 = –.085, p < .001), but the inverse relationship was not statistically significant (β2013-2015 = –.003, p > .05; β2015-2018 = –.003, p > .05).ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of interventions targeting depressive symptoms to potentially enhance engagement in leisure activities among older adults. The results contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics between mental health and lifestyle choices in older populations, highlighting the potential of proactive mental health interventions to improve overall well-being.

Effects of cognitive reserve on cognitive frailty among older adults: A population-based prospective cohort study.

We investigated the effect of lifespan cognitive reserve and its components on cognitive frailty among older adults. A total of 4922 participants aged ≥65 years were recruited in 2008 and were followed up in 2011 from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Cognitive frailty was determined through the simultaneous presence of physical frailty (pre-frailty or frailty) and mild cognitive impairment, excluding concurrent dementia. The assessment of physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment was based on the Fatigue, Resistence, Ambulation, Illness, Loss of weight (FRAIL) (Fatigue, Resistence, Ambulation, Illness, Loss) and Mini-Mental State Examination scale, respectively. The lifespan cognitive reserve consisted of education attainment, occupational complexity and later-life leisure activities. We used logistic regression models to estimate the risk of cognitive frailty associated with the lifespan cognitive reserve and its components. A higher level of lifespan cognitive reserve, higher educational attainment or leisure activities engagement, but not occupational complexity, were associated with lower risk of incident cognitive frailty. Furthermore, cognitive, social and physical activities were associated with lower risk of incident cognitive frailty. Cognitive reserve, particularly educational attainment and leisure activities, can protect from cognitive frailty. This implicates that individuals should accumulate cognitive reserve in their lifespan, and older adults should actively participate in leisure activities to prevent cognitive frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 398-403.

The enduring necessity of fitness centres in times of global uncertainty

ABSTRACT Rationale/purpose This study investigated how COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions impacted member perception of the necessity of their fitness centre membership with a focus on drivers of this perception pre, during and post-COVID-19 lockdowns. Design/methodology/approach Three survey-based data collections were assessed (before COVID-19 lockdowns, in early-stage reopening, and in a “COVID-19 normal” environment). A correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis (OLS) explored the drivers of perceived necessity of fitness centre membership. Findings Results support a consistent perception of the necessity of fitness centre membership, despite drivers varying over the course of the study. Early-stage reopening saw determinants diverge from familiar drivers (such as member characteristics and exercise frequency) to include uncertainty regarding COVID-19. Findings support the enduring necessity of fitness centre membership and articulate a deviation and subsequent return to familiar drivers of member attitudes and perceptions. Practical implications Practically, understanding the drivers of perceived membership necessity can assist fitness centre managers to construct and deliver member communications, as well as services and support. Research contribution Theoretically, the findings add to the limited research that focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on individual leisure activity engagement and assists in assessing how drivers of engagement evolve under differing pandemic circumstances.

Multidimensional social connectedness of sexual and gender minority midlife and older adults: Findings from the National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS).

This article introduces the multidimensional properties of social connectedness among sexual and gender minority (SGM) midlife and older adults and examines the relationship between these properties and general health. Data were analyzed from Aging With Pride: National, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study, including 2,450 SGM adults aged 50 and older in the United States. The structure, function, and quality of interpersonal relations as well as community-level activities and engagement were measured through a self-administered survey and an in-person interview. Findings indicated that SGM midlife and older adults, on average, had a large social network with high bridging potential and low density, consisting of more nonrelative family members than immediate family members. They also showed frequent availability of social support, moderate or higher satisfaction with interpersonal relations, and moderate SGM community engagement. Properties of social connectedness differed by gender, sexual identity, and gender identity, with SGM men, sexually diverse women, and transgender people showing distinct challenges in interpersonal relations. All aspects of social connectedness were positively associated with good general health, particularly network diversity, outdoor leisure activity engagement, and access to health-related decision support, controlling for age and chronic conditions. Care receiving and loneliness were negatively associated with good general health. Intervention development can target these factors to promote social and community connectivity and reduce the negative health effects of persistent social stressors. This study underscores the necessity of addressing all facets (i.e., structure, function, and quality) of interpersonal relations encompassing both immediate and chosen family as well as community-level social connectedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

‘I just want to go home, is what I need’ – Voices of Ukrainian refugee children living in Estonia after fleeing the war

This study explores the experiences of Ukrainian refugee children in Estonia following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 with a focus on their daily functioning, challenges, and resilience. Three main themes emerged from interviews carried out from October through December 2022 with 11 refugee children aged 10 to 16. First, the adaptation process was related to various challenges including living environment, language, participation in two different types of schooling, and homesickness. Children highlighted their struggles with socialisation and a fear of rejection. Second, the schooling experiences of these children unfolded in two phases: initially, they engaged in passive observation and limited interaction with Estonian classmates, after which active participation enabled them to express optimism but also fear of not meeting language proficiency requirements. Third, the children emphasised a strong need for psychological support to address trauma and stress resulting from the war and displacement. They outlined the importance of family, peer support, engagement in leisure activities, and a connection to nature in facilitating their adaptation. The findings underline the significance of tailored support services, language acquisition programmes, mental health services, and culturally sensitive interventions for Ukrainian refugee children in Estonia. The implications include reforms in education, integration, and long-term monitoring to facilitate the well-being and successful integration into the new environment of this group.

Reconciling Work-Life Balance: An In-depth Exploration of Generation X’s Career Experiences

This research delves into the intricate dynamics of work-life balance among Generation X professionals in the context of the 21st century, aiming to understand their challenges within a rapidly evolving technological and workplace landscape. Previous research has demonstrated that Generation X workers are exceptionally adaptable in managing the changing technological world and workplace relations. Work-life balance has been highlighted as an important component impacting job satisfaction and general well-being. It delves deeper into these features by investigating how Generation X professionals deal with these problems and identifying specific ways to inform both professionals and companies to improve the understanding of the complex interplay between technology, workplace dynamics, and work-life balance for Generation X professionals in today’s professional world. Employing an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology, the study emphasizes the importance of adaptability, flexible work methodologies, and work-life balance prioritization. With five participants aged 41 to 56 representing various professional fields, the findings indicate that Generation X professionals adeptly navigate contemporary challenges, focusing on adaptability, client-centric approaches, engagement in leisure activities, and effective work-life balance management. These strategies are closely linked to their job satisfaction and overall well-being. In essence, this research sheds light on the multifaceted relationship between work-life balance and the challenges Generation X professionals encounter in the 21st century, providing insights into their coping mechanisms and underscoring the pivotal role of work-life balance in shaping their experiences and overall professional satisfaction.

Effectiveness of an Occupational Therapy Memory Strategy Education Group Intervention on Memory Difficulties and Activities of Daily Living Performance among the Geriatric Population: A Quasi-experimental Study

Introduction: Memory deficits are one of the common indications of cognitive aging, and they are an essential component for completing day-to-day activities in an effective, timely, and safe manner. Disturbances in memory can have a major impact on an individual’s performance in all areas of occupation. Memory alterations have a substantial influence on numerous elements of everyday living, including sentiments and conceptions of self, connections with others, participation in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and engagement in leisure activities. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of an occupational therapy Memory Strategy Education Group (MSEG) intervention on memory difficulties and its impact on ADL performance among the geriatric population. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental pre-post-test pilot study was conducted at Department of Occupational Therapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 10 participants aged 60 years and above were recruited from a community setting through convenience sampling and were divided into an experimental group (n=5) and a control group (n=5). The experimental group participants received MSEG intervention, while the control group participants received conventional occupational therapy memory intervention for three weeks. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Contextual Memory Test (CMT), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were used to measure occupational performance, memory, and ADL. The outcome measure scores within groups were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the comparison of outcome measures between the groups was analysed using the MannWhitney U test. An alpha level of p=0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 24.0 version was used to analyse the data. Results: In the present study, a total of 10 participants from the age group of 60-75 years (mean age=67.4 years) were included, and each group (control and experimental) consisted of five participants (3 males and 2 females). The results showed that there was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in COPM-Performance and CMT (p=0.032; p=0.018, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in FIM (p=0.347). Further analysis revealed a clinically significant difference between the control and experimental groups in post-test scores. Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that the MSEG intervention is effective in improving memory difficulties in the geriatric population but had a lesser effect on improving ADL performance.

THE CURRENT AND RETROSPECTIVE COGNITIVE RESERVE (2CR) SURVEY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH COGNITIVE AND MOOD MEASURES

Abstract Cognitive reserve (CR) is often assessed with surveys spanning demographic, lifestyle, and socio-behavioral variables. The role of both past and current life experiences on CR has, however, rarely been examined. We developed the Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve (2CR) survey to assess classical CR proxies (socio-economic status, engagement in leisure and social activities) and other dimensions of potential importance (family engagement, religious/spiritual activity) both currently (CRc; in later adulthood) and retrospectively (CRr; as recalled from younger adulthood). We administered the 2CR, measures of general cognitive functioning, working memory (WM), vocabulary, fluid reasoning, and depressive symptoms (DS) to 235 community-dwelling Italian adults (ages 55-90 years). We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to examine the 2CR latent structure, and we estimated correlations of its dimensions with cognitive abilities and DS. Analyses confirmed a three-level factor structure with two global CR factors (CRc and CRr) at the top level, dimensional CR factors (socio-economic status, family engagement, leisure activity, social engagement, and religious/spiritual activity) at mid-level, and observed items at the lowest level. Item-factor representations partially differed across CRc and CRr. Both CRc and CRr were positively correlated with measures of intelligence, WM, and DS. Associations with measures of intelligence were comparatively stronger for CRr, whereas associations of WM and DS were slightly stronger for CRc. The 2CR can be considered a reliable survey for assessing CR proxies within a multidimensional, “life stage-dependent” framework insofar as CRc are CRr closely related but also differently associated with intelligence, WM, and DS.

Daily routine impacts on leisure engagement: analysing Brazilian adults’ different interests

ABSTRACTThe goal of the current study was to analyse the role of daily routine in shaping engagement in leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research was conducted through an online questionnaire with 181 participants. Participants’ daily routine, such as work and domestic obligations, and sociodemographic characterization was accessed. Time dedicated to domestic obligations and education-related activities increased (p < .01). Work and sleep were negatively correlated (p < .001), while weekly leisure routine was negatively correlated with obligations (p < .05). Participants performed less leisure time activities of choice during the pandemic and presented a significant change in engagement in all leisure interests tested (p < .01), except for contemplation. Change in leisure time distribution throughout the daily routine was strongly correlated to social and tourist interests before and during the pandemic (p < .001). Overall, the pandemic promoted significant changes to individuals’ daily routine and leisure engagement.

Leisure Activities are Associated with Self-Efficacy in Childhood and Adolescence

Leisure activities during childhood and adolescence play important roles in individual development. They may also contribute to self-efficacy (SE), which is a key psychological construct of Bandura’s social cognitive theory. Here we test to what extent SE is related leisure engagement by using data from a large-scale representative cross-sectional survey of German children, adolescents, and younger adults (N = 7,158). As predicted, sports, book reading, music, and SE were positively, but computer gaming was negatively correlated, even after controlling for a range of covariates. These findings confirm and extend previous work to suggest that engagement in popular leisure activities, except computer gaming, are positively associated with the development of individual self-efficacy during the first decades of life.

Impact of informal caregiving on caregivers’ subjective well-being in China: a longitudinal study

BackgroundWhile informal caregiving is crucial for improving and maintaining health of the elderly, there is limited evidence of its potential effect on caregivers’ wellbeing. Understanding this effect is important for policy makers to design effective long-term care policies. This longitudinal study aims to investigate the impact of informal caregiving on caregivers’ subjective wellbeing in China.MethodsThree waves (2016, 2018, 2020) of data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) are constructed for empirical analysis. Ordered logit model is first used to estimate the effect. Fixed effects ordered logit model and mixed effects ordered logit model are further employed to control for the possible bias from unobserved individual heterogeneity.ResultsInformal caregiving significantly reduces caregivers’ subjective wellbeing and the negative effect is stronger for high-frequency caregivers. Subgroup analysis reveals that informal caregiving imposed greater negative impacts on women, those living in rural areas, being married, working, and living separately from parents. Further analysis of mechanism indicates that decrease in wage income, leisure and sleep time were channels through which informal caregiving affects caregivers’ well-being.ConclusionWhen policy makers formulate sustainable long-term care policies and home support services, interventions to improve caregivers’ stress-coping skills and ensure their engagement in leisure and social activities could be adopted to mitigate the negative effects on caregivers’ subjective well-being.

Are sex differences in verbal memory related to sex differences in cognitive reserve?

AbstractBackgroundCognitive reserve (CR) is the capacity to maintain cognitive performances despite underlying brain pathology and a concept used in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) studies to explain clinical heterogeneity. Evidence for a female‐specific verbal memory reserve may contribute to sex disparities in AD incidence, via delayed diagnosis. However, whether sex differences in verbal memory relate to sex differences in CR, is unclear. The current study examined whether multiple measures of CR differed by sex and whether they mediated sex differences in verbal memory.MethodCross‐sectional data from 59 older adults (mean age = 68.1; SD = 10.7; Female = 62%; White = 70%), without a prior diagnosis of cognitive impairment, were included. Total recall from the immediate and delayed recall trials of the scores Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) were used to assess verbal learning and memory. Years of education, self‐reported leisure activities, physical activity, mindfulness, and the MIND diet were used to assess CR. Sex differences in HVLT scores were tested with ANCOVAs, controlling for age and reran adjusting for education. A MANCOVA was used to assess sex differences on CR measures. A mediation analyses was used to test whether sex differences in CR measures mediated the association between sex differences and verbal memory.ResultWomen had higher scores on HVLT learning (M = 23.1, SD = 5.2; p&lt;.01), delayed recall (M = 8.2; SD = 2.6; p&lt;.01) and leisure activities (M = 35.93; SD = 7.9; p&lt;.01) compared to men (learning: M = 19.5; SD = 5.2; delayed recall: M = 6.2; SD = 2.5; leisure: M = 28.5; SD = 10.9; p&lt;.01). No other sex differences in CR measures were revealed. Leisure activities fully mediated sex and HVLT associations, such that women’s higher scores on leisure explained 39% and 35% of the variance between sex and HVLT learning and delayed recall, respectively.ConclusionWomen’s overall higher engagement in leisure activities accounted for their higher scores on HVLT learning and delayed recall relative to men. Increasing men’s engagement in leisure activities could attenuate sex differences in verbal learning/memory but warrants further investigation. Larger and more diverse samples are needed for follow‐up data analyses.

The contribution of leisure activities to cognitive health in adults with chronic stroke

AbstractBackgroundStroke doubles one’s risk for dementia. Therefore, stroke survivors represent a target population in need of intervention strategies to promote cognitive function and prevent dementia. Engagement in leisure activities, such as social, physical, and cognitive enrichment activities, are beneficial for healthy cognitive aging. Thus, we hypothesize that higher levels of leisure activities are associated with better cognitive performance in adults with chronic stroke and may be a promising approach to promoting cognitive health post‐stroke.MethodA cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from the Vitality study – a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of exercise training or complex mental and social activities on cognitive function in community dwelling older adults (aged 55+ years) living with chronic stroke (i.e., stroke sequelae ≥1 year). Our primary cognitive outcome was the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale‐Plus (ADAS‐Cog Plus: 13‐item ADAS‐Cog and additional cognitive tests). We indexed participation in leisure activities using the Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire (NLQ); this questionnaire is specific for stroke survivors. We first investigated the bivariate correlation between leisure activities and ADAS‐Cog Plus score, and then performed multiple regression analyses to examine the independent contribution of leisure activities to explain variance in ADAS‐Cog‐Plus scores, after controlling for age, sex, education, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score.ResultForty‐three females and 72 males were included in this analysis (mean age = 70.69 ±8.68, MoCA = 21.83±4.20, and NLQ = 22.84±7.26). Higher NLQ score was significantly associated with better ADAS‐Cog Plus score (r = ‐0.31; 95% CI: [‐0.47 ‐0.14]; p&lt; 0.001). Importantly, the multiple linear regression indicated that higher NLQ scores were independently associated with better ADAS‐Cog Plus performance (b = ‐0.02 ± 0.007; p = 0.01). The adjusted R2 for the model including NLQ was significantly higher than the model without NLQ scores (F = 6.45, p&lt;0.05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher levels of leisure activities are associated with better cognitive performance in adults living with chronic stroke. Future studies should explore the types of leisure activities that are most beneficial to preserve cognition and prevent dementia onset post stroke. Different physical and cognitively demanding activities may differentially affect cognitive function.

작업치료 대학생의 여가활동 참여와 정서조절능력 및 자아탄력성 간의 관계

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation of occupational therapy students in leisure activities and to examine the relationship between leisure activities and emotional regulation and resilience.&#x0D; Method: The study's subjects were 104 occupational therapy university students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0 program, and frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were performed on the general characteristics, types of leisure activities, emotional regulation, and resilience of the subjects, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the correlation between the factors.&#x0D; Results: The most frequent leisure activities of students were low-intensity exercise, participatory hobbies, and relaxation, and the least frequent leisure activities were high-intensity exercise, creative activities, and educational activities. Factor correlations showed that higher frequency of high-intensity exercise and social engagement in leisure activities was associated with higher emotional regulation, and higher frequency of IADL, low-intensity exercise, high-intensity exercise, and watching hobbies was associated with higher resilience.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to develop a leisure program based on low- and high-intensity exercise, social participation, and hobby activities to improve emotional regulation and resilience in occupational therapy university students.

Outcomes of a Fatigue Management Intervention for People With Post COVID-19 Condition.

Fatigue is identified as one of the most prevalent and persistent problems reported by people with post COVID-19 condition that negatively impacts on everyday living and resumption of pre-COVID-19 lifestyle. A pilot occupational therapy fatigue management intervention was designed for patients presenting with post COVID-19 condition fatigue. A retrospective analysis was carried out after the delivery of the fatigue management intervention. Self-reported measures of fatigue, well-being, and health status were taken at baseline and repeated at 2 wks after intervention. Baseline and postintervention scores were compared using nonparametric analysis. Sixty participants (73% female), median age 50.5 yrs (range, 17-74), 93% reporting symptoms persisting for 12 wks or longer, completed the fatigue management intervention. All participants reported moderate to severe fatigue impacting on everyday activity at baseline. The greatest impact of fatigue was on engagement in leisure and work activity. Statistically significant improvement in fatigue ( P < 0.001), well-being ( P < 0.001), and health status ( P < 0.001) were noted after the intervention. Findings indicate the potential of occupational therapy fatigue management interventions to enable self-management strategies and reduce the negative impact of fatigue among people with post COVID-19 condition.

Association between psychosocial working conditions and well-being before retirement: a community-based study

ABSTRACT Psychosocial working conditions have been linked to mental health outcomes, but their association with well-being is poorly studied. We aimed to investigate the association between psychosocial working conditions and well-being before retirement, and to explore the role of gender and leisure activities in the association. From the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, 598 community dwellers aged 60–65 years were included in the cross-sectional study. Lifelong occupational history was obtained through an interview. Job demands and job control in the longest-held occupation were graded with job exposure matrices. Psychosocial working conditions were classified into high strain (high demands, low control), low strain (low demands, high control), passive job (low demands, low control), and active job (high demands, high control). Well-being was assessed with the 10-item version of positive and negative affect schedule, and scored using confirmatory factor analysis. Engagement in leisure activities was categorized as low, moderate, and high. Data were analyzed using linear regression. Both high job control and high job demands were dose-dependently associated with higher well-being. Overall, compared to active jobs, passive jobs were associated with lower well-being (β −0.19, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.02, P = 0.028). Passive (β −0.28, 95% CI −0.51 to −0.04, P = 0.020) and high strain (β −0.31, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.10, P = 0.004) jobs were associated with lower well-being in men, but not in women. The association between passive jobs and well-being was attenuated by high leisure activities, while the association between high strain and well-being was magnified by low leisure activities. In conclusion, negative psychosocial working conditions are associated with poor well-being, especially in men. Leisure activities may modulate the association. Our study highlights that promoting favorable working conditions can be a target to improve well-being among employees and active participation in leisure activities is encouraged to cope with work-related stress for better well-being.