Enforcement Of Practices Research Articles

Power imbalances, social inequalities and gender roles as barriers to true participation in national park management: The case of Korup National Park, Cameroon

Forest resource management has undergone profound changes in the last decades, including a tendency to apply participatory approach that seeks to involve local communities. However, the success of the participatory approach tends to remain dependent on the historical and societal context in question. To understand how the participation of forest communities has been changing as a result of the enforcement or non-enforcement of forest management practices, we carried out a study in Cameroon's Korup National Park, with villages within and outside the park that continue to utilise the resources in the park. The empirical research included focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews in three communities and key informant interviews with selected community members, government officials, and non-governmental organisations involved in the park's management. Research findings show that although the forest management system has changed in various policy documents, over the past years from a top-down to participatory approach, a centralised state system is still operational in the national park, with participatory approaches used merely as a legitimizing tool. We show how the existing horizontal power relations (such as gender roles within the communities) and vertical power relations (such as government-community dimensions) simultaneously impact the outcomes of participatory approaches on the ground. Finally, our case shows how the existing governance structures continue to reproduce inequalities and exclusions that originated from the colonial times and through path dependency still influence livelihoods and day-to-day survival of people in the communities.

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This article is devoted to the study of the current state of administrative and legal regulation of pensions of persons discharged from military service. The analysis of acts of the legislation of Ukraine, which regulate administrative and legal relations in the field of pension provision of the persons discharged from military service, in particular appointment and recalculation of pensions is carried out. The organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring and fulfilling Ukraine�s obligations regarding the constitutional rights to pensions of persons discharged from military service, as well as ways to improve it, is revealed. Problematic issues that arise in persons discharged from military service when applying to the competent authorities for the issuance of certificates confirming the right to a pension, and which confirm the right to recalculation of pensions. Problems when such persons apply to the bodies of the Pension Fund of Ukraine with applications for appointment and/or recalculation of pensions are also analysed. The causes of problems for persons discharged from military service regarding the appointment and/or recalculation of pensions are being studied, provided that a large number of normative documents are adopted by the state to regulate these issues. The urgency of the study lies in the need to regulate national legislation in the field of implementation of constitutional rights to pensions of persons discharged from military service in accordance with the concept of administrative and legal reform in Ukraine. This study substantiates the need to create and adopt a codified act � the Pension Code of Ukraine, which will promote the effectiveness of administrative and legal norms in the field of social protection of persons, including persons discharged from military service. The following editions were made during the writing of the articles. Public administration in the field of social and pension provision provides for the implementation of administrative procedures through open public activities, the use of clear legal instruments of democratic governance, streamlining public activities and providing administrative services to citizens to help realize their rights and freedoms. The norms formed within the framework of administrative law within the framework of the greatest development of the state-centric approach today play the role of a synergizing catalyst for the formalization of legal norms in various socio-economic spheres. The emergence of a new system of Ukrainian law on the division in accordance with the use, as a science, areas of law and practical law enforcement activities is now fully consistent with modern realities.

The relationship between personality traits, professional identity and job involvement of novice kindergarten teachers in Zhejiang Province, China

In China, recent social and economic development have resulted in further attention being given to the development of preschool education. Culturally, many Chinese parents have held high expectations of their children's early learning and academic success in later studies. Hence, a high-quality preschool service has become a contentious issue. The recent child abuse incidents involving various kindergarten teachers exposed by the media have increased parents and society's concerns about the personal qualities and mental health of kindergarten teachers. Novice teachers are an important part of the kindergarten workforce as they are at the beginning of their careers. Their professional development level is a fundamentally important matter as it directly affects the reform and development of preschool education. The publication of a relevant preschool policy document not only emphasizes the importance of early childhood education, but also introduces new requirements for kindergarten teachers. Professional identity factors (Motivation, Self-Image, Self-efficacy, Task perception) and personality trait factors (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness) have been found in many research studies to be associated with kindergarten teachers' job involvement. However, research on professional identity, personality traits and job involvement of novice kindergarten teachers is an undeveloped research area in China. This study will explore the relationship between personality traits, professional identity, and job involvement of novice kindergarten teachers in Zhejiang Province, China. A study of this nature will aid policy makers, the Ministry of Education, kindergarten management, and researchers on the implementation and enforcement of policies and practices that could be implemented to improve kindergarten teachers' overall quality and teaching effectiveness in China.

An evaluation of grouper and snapper fisheries management policy in Saleh Bay, Indonesia

In the policy context, managing grouper and snapper fisheries resources for sustainability is a big challenge due to the complexity of small-scale fisheries in Saleh Bay. This study implemented two analytical methods: length-based analysis and ecosystem approach to fisheries assessment to evaluate the performance of the implementation of the grouper and snapper fisheries management in Saleh Bay. The results showed after policy implementation, the mean length of species has been slightly larger and three species already reached the spawning potential ratio (SPR) target reference point. However, two of the 11 species regulated had SPR values below the limit reference point, which indicated that these species are currently fished at unsustainable levels. Overall, the assessment of fishery risk index indicated the risk status of this fisheries in the category of moderate risk, 1.185, in which two dimensions need to be improved: socio-economy and habitat. Therefore, this study highlighted leverage points to achieve ‘good’ performance level, such as socialization program intensively, enforcing regulation to provincial regulation, strengthening the surveillance and law enforcement of destructive fishing practices, empowerment of local institutions by co-management, and rehabilitation of coral reef ecosystems.

The UK and the EU Personal Data Framework After Brexit: Another Switzerland?

The UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement sets out a pathway for the UK to have the closest relationship on personal data with the EU outside of the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland. This is principally apparent in the area of justice and security where there is very extensive provision for data exchange including DNA and fingerprints. This exchange rests on specified common standards and will likely be complemented by the first ever EU adequacy agreement under the Law Enforcement Directive. In some contrast, understandings in the general area of data protection (at least outside direct marketing) point only to mutual adequacy. Whilst mandating “essentially equivalent” (GDPR, recital 104) protection, significant flexibility is retained. Given the UK’s distinct approach to data protection, the EU may find that it adopts a more divergent approach in the medium term than, for example, Switzerland. Bona fide implementation of the Council of Europe’s Data Protection Convention 108+ may provide a good lodestar for a more graduated regime which also seeks to clearly reconcile data protection with competing rights. The paper tentatively examines what that might entail for the proactive transparency rules, sensitive data regime, integrity provisions and specific restrictions. Any such reform would require great care and should not detract from the need for much more effective practical enforcement.

ANALISIS YURIDIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM ATAS PEREDARAN NARKOTIKA JENIS SABU MELALUI UPAYA DISKRESI (STUDI PENELITIAN DI POLRESTA BARELANG)

In the current case of drug abuse circulation is increasingly widespread and the mode of operation is increasingly diverse, the police are required to develop their own law enforcement strategies. However, behind that there is also a need for some form of supervision and control of actions policing is to reduce the possibility of abuse discretion, so that the negative impact of the implementation of the discretion does not result injustice. The law only contains the basic rules that are in practice enforcement always depends on the context of the community. Therefore The police are given the authority to exercise police discretion, a concept giving authority to take actions based on careful consideration the conscience of the police on duty or the consideration of police institutions. This study aims to find out how law enforcement is above Circulation of methamphetamine type narcotics through discretionary efforts factors which become obstacles / obstacles to Law Enforcement on Circulation Narcotic Type of Methamphetamine Through Discretionary Efforts. This research uses empirical normative legal research is legal research that uses Secondary data sources are combined with legal research that uses primary data source The results of the study show that the factors that influence implementation of police discretion in solving criminal cases narcotics namely legal substance factors, namely the existence of a legal basis give authority to members of the police to take action discretion so that the implementation of the task does not harm the context of law enforcement and must be done professionally and in accordance with the police code of ethics as must for police officers, given the power of discretion without being accompanied restrictions can potentially abuse authority. For this reason the discretion taken by the investigator must be aimed at get a sense of fairness even though it is not contained in the Criminal Code will but in essence to maintain legal certainty and internal order Public

Africanisation of international investment law for sustainable development: challenges

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to critically examine the move to Africanise international investment law (IIL) aimed at promoting sustainable development on the continent.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses the move by African countries to “Africanise” IIL by incorporating specific and innovative provisions and features in their international investment agreements (IIAs) for the benefit of African economies. This is evidenced by provisions in African regional investment instruments such as the 2007 Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa Investment Agreement and the 2008 Economic Community of West African States Supplementary Act on Investments produced by the different African regional economic communities (RECs), new-generation IIAs such as the 2016 Nigeria-Morocco IIA and the China-Tanzania IIA and the African Union’s Pan-African Investment Code 2016. The common features of these instruments include linking the objective of investment promotion and protection to sustainable development; excluding portfolio investments; including provisions on investor-obligations; and reserving wide scope of regulatory space for host-states, including the ability to take emergency measures without incurring liability to investors. Some of these provisions are rare in IIAs.FindingsThe study finds that, while the efforts are commendable, there are real challenges. Firstly, there are inconsistencies in the regimes existing on the continent due to differences in the contents of the international investment instruments promulgated by the different RECs, and also differences in the content of IIAs signed by some member-states of the RECs with countries external to the RECs. Secondly, there are governance gaps and a lack of enforcement in practice, which would undermine the effectiveness of the laws being forged. Thirdly, the Africanised IIL alone would not attract investment if other important determinants, such as critical infrastructure, remain lacking. Fourthly, there is under-representation of Africa in the arbitral institutions that develop and enrich the laws, which, if it continues, would undermine the effectiveness of the Africanisation provisions being included in IIAs.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the research discusses both law and policy, more is discussed of the law, owing to space limitation.Practical implicationsIt is anticipated that this research will impact the content of the investment protocol under the African continental free trade area and beyond and will prompt review of existing and future IIAs by member states of the various RECs to align them for consistency. It is also hoped that this research will impact the review of various investment instruments of the RECs with the aim of harmonising them. It is further hoped that this research would contribute to addressing the challenges that militate against the achievement of the goals of Africanising ILL for sustainable development.Originality/valueThe study is original. It has not been published previously and the authors have found no existing publication that addresses the issues covered in this study.

Sustainable Environmental Practices in Malawian Hotels

This paper discusses the governance practices in the Malawi tourism and hospitality sector and their impact on the sustainability of natural resources. The focus of this paper is the National Tourism Policy (NTP) for Malawi and how central and local government structures enforce it to promote environmental sustainability practices in hotels. The paper uses a Case Study approach whereby the Sogecoa Golden Peacock Hotel and the Sunbird Mount Soche Hotel are used to explore how the NTP has ensured sustainable environmental practices are followed. A qualitative research method was used through semi-structured interviews to secure the perceptions of key informants. Through a Grounded Theory analysis, the findings revealed that the NTP does not facilitate the enforcement of sustainable environmental practices. Furthermore, because of this shortfall in the NTP, hotels do not have an environmental management policy to promote sustainable environmental practices. This paper, therefore, recommends an urgent need to revise the NTP and introduce sustainable environmental management guidelines in order for the hotel sector to emulate. It is further recommended that hotel managers should have a thorough understanding of environmental sustainability to ensure that the industry addresses negative environmental impacts.

ANALISIS YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA KHUSUS PENCUCIAN UANG YANG BERASAL DARI TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA (STUDI PENELITIAN PUTUSAN PENGADILAN)

In the current case of drug abuse circulation is increasingly widespread and the mode of operation is increasingly diverse, the police are required to develop their own law enforcement strategies. However, behind that there is also a need for some form of supervision and control of actions policing is to reduce the possibility of abuse discretion, so that the negative impact of the implementation of the discretion does not result injustice. The law only contains the basic rules that are in practice enforcement always depends on the context of the community. Therefore The police are given the authority to exercise police discretion, a concept giving authority to take actions based on careful consideration the conscience of the police on duty or the consideration of police institutions. This study aims to find out how law enforcement is above Circulation of methamphetamine type narcotics through discretionary efforts factors which become obstacles / obstacles to Law Enforcement on Circulation Narcotic Type of Methamphetamine Through Discretionary Efforts. This research uses empirical normative legal research is legal research that uses Secondary data sources are combined with legal research that uses primary data source The results of the study show that the factors that influence implementation of police discretion in solving criminal cases narcotics namely legal substance factors, namely the existence of a legal basis give authority to members of the police to take action discretion so that the implementation of the task does not harm the context of law enforcement and must be done professionally and in accordance with the police code of ethics as must for police officers, given the power of discretion without being accompanied restrictions can potentially abuse authority. For this reason the discretion taken by the investigator must be aimed at get a sense of fairness even though it is not contained in the Criminal Code will but in essence to maintain legal certainty and internal order Public

Keabsahan dan Pemakaian Arahan Amalan dalam Pentadbiran Kehakiman dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Syariah dan Sivil: Suatu Perbandingan

Practice Directions have been introduced in the civil courts since 1946, and an adaptation of these was introduced in the Syariah courts in 2000. This article aims to explain the validity and position of the Practice Directions, as well as to compare these in terms of of legal provisions and application in the Syariah and civil courts. This research is a qualitative study involving library research (analysis of provisions of relevant laws and case reports), supplemented with interviews. It is found that Practice Directions were applied based on the provisions of the laws in force. However, there are differences in the position and application of Practice Directions between the Syariah courts and the civil courts in terms of source of authority, the authorities issuing the Practice Directions, enforcement and status, as well as the publication of Practice Directions. This study may serve as a guideline for JKSM and JKSN to re-evaluate and amend existing laws, or to form methods for Practice Directions for the courts to ensure that the ones used are valid and cannot be challenged by any party. Keywords: Practice Directions, judicial administration, Syariah court, civil court, shariah law, civil law, practice direction methods.

LibGuide Standards: Loose Regulations and Lax Enforcement

ABSTRACT Springshare’s LibGuides product has become the preferred method for librarians to create online subject guides. In the spring of 2019 LibGuide authors and administrators at Greater Western Library Alliance (GWLA) member libraries were surveyed to learn more about how libraries use this ubiquitous library tool. The two surveys focused on procedures and standards related to the creation, revision, and appearance of LibGuides, and librarians’ general thoughts and perceptions about guides. Most authors surveyed felt that the creation of guides is useful, but many raised valid reservations. Results of the survey reinforce prior studies’ findings that guides are often created and then forgotten. Even at institutions with established standards and criteria for LibGuides, there is pushback on their enforcement. Lack of time is cited by both groups as a reason and justification for this behavior, as are problems keeping links and content current, and problems learning the technology. In addition to better enforcement of established rules and best practices, this study revealed a need for usability testing for guides and more training for guide authors.

Together let us confront it: An outbreak investigation of hepatitis B in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala.

Introduction:Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The established routes of transmission are from mother to infant, sexual contact, and exposure to blood or body fluids. Though HBV is preventable by vaccine and robust infection control practices, outbreaks of HBV infection do occur in India. However, the state of Kerala with its health parameters, one among the best in the country, cannot afford to have continuing outbreaks. An unusual increase in the reported cases of Hepatitis B in a rural area of Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, called for an outbreak investigation.Aims:To describe the epidemiological features, to determine the risk factors associated with HBV transmission, and to suggest measures to prevent future transmission.Methods:A community-based case-control study (1:2) was undertaken. A total of 162 participants (54 cases and 108 age, gender, and neighborhood matched controls) took part in the study. Focus group discussions were conducted with subject experts to develop an interview schedule assessing 40 risk factors. It was further reviewed by the University of Sydney. Data was collected by trained Junior Health Inspectors and Junior Public Health Nurses of the Primary Health Centers. Data was analyzed using SPSS v. 20. Proportions were compared by Univariate analysis, sub-group analysis, and logistic regression. Population Attributable Risk (PAR) was also calculated.Results and Conclusion:More than 90% of the infections were IgM anti-HBc positive, suggesting a recent infection. Interventions during hospitalization [OR: 7.98 (95% CI – 2.17--29.4)], family history of Hepatitis B [OR. 4.14 (95%CI – 1.73--9.9)], and laboratory investigations [OR: 3.99 (1.72--9.31)] were found to be significant risk factors. PAR was highest for laboratory interventions (32%). Vaccinating household contacts and strict enforcement of infection control practices could substantially reduce the burden of this fatal disease.

Practical Activities of the Disciplinary Comrades’ Court under District Trade Union of Railways No. 11 at the Moscow-Bryanskaya Station through the Archival Materials

Using the example of the disciplinary comrades’ court at the district trade union of railway workers No. 11 of the Moscow-Bryanskaya station, the practical law enforcement activity and the legal basis for the activities of the comrades’ court are considered; the personnel of the court and the punishments applied by it are established. The legal basis for the activities of a comrades’ court in early Soviet times is the decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR of 11/14/1919 “On workers’ disciplinary comrades’ courts (Regulation)”, the decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR of 04/05/1921 “Regulations on disciplinary comrades’ courts”. The specificity of the cases examined by the considered court is considered. The most indicative cases considered by the disciplinary comrades’ court under the district trade union of railway workers No. 11 of the Moscow-Bryanskaya station have been identified.

Regulating Inter-Ethnic Induced Hate Speech in Ethiopia

Freedom of expression is not absolute right and may be restricted for the sake of protecting other fundamental human rights in accordance with law. Online social Media is unlike print media, tend to be unregulated and provide services being manipulated all over the world. Hate speech should not be hided under the protective umbrella of freedom of speech or expression. There must have a clear demarcation between free speech and hate speech. Accordingly, the main objective of the article is to examine international legal instruments, Ethiopian legal frameworks and institutional setting which regulate hate speech. In order to achieve the intended aims, the study employed doctrinal legal research on which legal analysis of the principal legislations. In so doing, the result of findings identified a lot of legal vacuums with regards to hate speech. Further, the existing FDRE proclamation No.1185/2020 provides responsibilities of service provider institutions to suppress and prevent dissemination of hate speech; however, the practical enforcement of hate speech legislation in Ethiopia suffers challenges inter-alia: absence of uniform definition, contents and scope of hate speech, anonymity, jurisdiction etc. Finally, the study used OSCOLA rule of reference in this article.

Who Is the Dominant Actor Under the US Merger Regulation?

The US appears to lean towards the model of unconcentrated and distributed competition regulation agencies, instead of a single concentrated one. Aside from the states and private litigants, in practice, this model mainly runs through the Department of Justice (DOJ), via its Antitrust Division, and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)’s enforcement. Traditionally, under developments of the regulatory approach, the ‘quasi-judicial’ FTC could be understood to be a cornerstone of US antitrust law, particularly in its practical enforcement. However, it appears that the DOJ contributes far more policies on the specific regulation of mergers as well as consumption of merger remedies. By analysing the US model of ‘inter-agency competition’ under perspectives of merger control, this writing leads to proof that the DOJ is a dominant actor to some extent. More significantly, the DOJ’s performances partially bring the FTC and others to the uniformity of stipulated mergers as well as approved remedy fashions. Merger regulation, merger remedies, merger guidelines, DOJ, FTC, clearance process, Sherman Act, Clayton Act, HSR Act, US antitrust.

A Near Miss: The Lived Experiences of Telecommunication Technicians’ Injurious Accidents and Near Misses

Due to a dearth in the literature, this study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of telecommunication field technicians who have experienced near miss and injurious accidents. Using protection motivation theory (PMT), we sought to explore if, after an accident, a technician would alter behaviors and insights regarding safety practices while executing their job duties. Participants for this qualitative phenomenological study included six telecommunication technicians with an average of 19 years’ experience and who had experienced an injurious or near miss accident at work. Findings suggested that after experiencing such an event, technicians demonstrated PMT characteristics including a heightened perception of the severity and probability of a threatening event. Technicians also hold themselves and crew members accountable for safety, believe the industry views worker safety as inconsequential, and that companies and oversight entities should be accountable for enforcement of workplace practices. While many factors influence workplace safety, adopting and enforcing a safety climate that encourages safety practices, quality training, and employee input into the safety climate of the organization, could result in lower injurious accident or near miss accident rate, larger profit margins, and also create a culture of safety that is supported and sustained by employees.

Concerted practice enforcement in Russia: How judicial review shapes the standards of evidence and number of enforcement targets

A judicial review of the infringement decisions of the competition authority substantially affects the standard of evidence in competition enforcement as well as the structure of cases that the competition authority takes. Enforcement against concerted practice in Russia represents a case-study of interaction between commercial courts of first instance, the Highest Court, the competition authority as enforcer, market participants and the legislator to influence the standards of liability under investigation of concerted practice. We examine the judicial review of infringement decisions on concerted practice and track the evolution of legal definition and sufficiency of evidence in such cases. We show, first, that in Russian enforcement, the ability of the Highest Court to influence the criteria of first instance courts is limited (in contrast to the ability of the first instance court to influence the strategy of enforcement by the competition authority). Second, the increase in the burden of proof motivates the competition authority to refrain from an investigation of concerted practice, in accordance with the prediction of the model of the selection of enforcement target by reputation-maximizing authority.

FUNCTION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE SUPERVISION OF BUSINESS COMPETITION AND THE PROHIBITION OF MONOPOLY PRACTICES

Nowadays, the law enforcement of prohibition monopolistic practices by KPPU is quite effective. But it is cannot be done optimally. This is influenced by the limited authority possessed by KPPU as regulated in Law No. Law. 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition or the Antitrust Law, making it difficult to enforce the law. The problem in this paper is how the KPPU functions in law enforcement prohibiting monopolistic practices. The method used in this paper is a method with a normative and empirical juridical approachThe results of the research show that to maximize the KPPU's function in carrying out their duties, it is necessary to make improvements to the Antimonopoly Law, such as the loading of the KPPU's authority and duties to make it clearer. The establishment of special regulations for KPPU that are more technical in the context of applying the substance of the Antimonopoly Law.

Moral marketplaces: regulating the food markets of late Elizabethan and early Stuart London

AbstractThis article examines the economic culture of urban food markets in early modern England. It focuses on London between 1590 and 1640 to argue that market regulation, even in fast-growing, commercializing cities, was underpinned by moralized values. It also assesses a largely untapped citywide book of fines, containing payments for regulatory offences. The first section outlines London's market system and regulation, the second looks at enforcement in practice and the third discusses the underlying values. This contributes to our understanding of day-to-day food marketing and proposes that studies of ‘moral economy’ should examine everyday commerce and major cities.

Ресоціалізація засуджених неповнолітніх, які відбувають покарання в місцях несвободи

У статті проаналізовано організаційно-правове забезпечення виконання вироків стосовно неповноліт-ніх осіб. Застосування кримінального покарання, а та-кож виконання вироків суду стосовно неповнолітніх осіб є одним із найскладніших елементів криміналь-но-правового захисту суспільних відносин. Неповно-літні особи мають специфічне кримінально-правове становище, зумовлене їхнім віком, рівнем індивідуаль-ної правової свідомості, рівнем психологічної стійкості та правової культури. Все це має визначальний вплив на формування особистості, а також на ставлення неповнолітньої особи до скоєного злочинного діяння. Основним завданням кримінальної відповідально-сті стає не лише покарання, але й виправлення модусу поведінки неповнолітньої особи. З цих позицій пошук особливостей організаційно-правового забезпечення виконання вироків стосовно неповнолітніх осіб, пов’я-заний із теоретико-методологічним забезпеченням можливих шляхів підвищення ефективності та дієвості виконання вироків щодо таких осіб, має ще й суспільну необхідність. Останнє пояснюється тим, що для держа-ви важливим є формування генофонду нації, основним потенціалом для чого і є молодь. Тому виконання ви-років щодо неповнолітніх осіб не повинно створювати в них відчуття асоціалізації, викреслення державою їх із нормального суспільного життя. Додатковою слід зазначити, що через контекст по-шуку ефективних, однозначних і змістовних, навіть вичерпних способів викладення нормативно-право-вого закріплення механізму виконання вироків суду стосовно неповнолітніх осіб підвищуватиметься якість виконання функцій держави щодо забезпечення на-лежного рівня прав осіб навіть у процесі виконання ви-років щодо них. Сучасна вітчизняна пенітенціарна система об’єк-тивно характеризується низьким рівнем дотриман-ня вимог законодавства в сфері виконання вироків через брак фінансування, недостатній рівень компе-тенції працівників системи виконання покарань тощо. Держава повинна забезпечувати належний рівень ор-ганізаційно-правового забезпечення процесу виконан-ня вироків, особливо щодо неповнолітніх осіб. Через це пошук особливостей такого забезпечення, проведений в межах цього дослідження, супроводжується виділен-ням найслабших місць практичного виконання виро-ків стосовно вказаного кола осіб.