Law Enforcement Research Articles

An investigation of the factors associated with public trust in the Sierra Leone Police

The stability and legitimacy of police institutions rely heavily on public confidence in law enforcement. In Sierra Leone, the public's trust in the Sierra Leone Police (SLP) has been influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including colonial history, post-conflict issues, economic disparities, and ongoing accountability concerns. Despite efforts to implement reforms and initiatives like community policing, public opinion of the SLP remains divided, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive examination of trust-influencing factors. While existing studies emphasize the importance of police effectiveness, procedural fairness, openness, and responsibility, there are still gaps in understanding how these elements interact in post-conflict environments. This research utilizes a quantitative methodology, employing a cross-sectional survey to gather data from 169 SLP personnel across various ranks and departments. Using structured questionnaires, the study assessed perceptions of police performance, community policing efforts, and media impact. The data was then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS. Findings reveal that police performance is a crucial factor in fostering public trust, with transparency and accountability also playing significant roles. Community policing initiatives showed limited success due to implementation difficulties, while media portrayals considerably shaped public perception. Ongoing issues such as corruption and historical grievances continued to undermine trust. These results emphasize the necessity for targeted reforms addressing corruption, enhancing transparency, and improving community engagement. To rebuild trust and promote collaboration between law enforcement and the public in Sierra Leone, it is essential to strengthen media strategies and effectively implement community policing initiatives.

An Examination of Emergency Vehicle Traffic Management and Control Systems

Emergency response is crucial for keeping the public safe and ensuring the well-being of individuals in critical situations. The prompt and efficient deployment of emergency vehicles is necessary to minimize response times and reduce potential harm to people and property. This comprehensive survey paper explores various approaches, strategies, and technologies used to optimize traffic flow for emergency vehicles. It begins by emphasizing the importance of swift emergency vehicle response, particularly in medical emergencies and law enforcement. The paperthen examines current methodsfor managing traffic and the challenges that hinder the timely movement of emergency vehicles, such as congestion, infrastructure limitations, and communication problems. Additionally, it presents case studies and real-world examples that demonstrate the effectiveness and challenges of different strategies for optimizing traffic flow. The survey also delves into the ethical considerations, privacy concerns, and societal impacts associated with prioritizing emergency vehicles.

Modernizing law enforcement: A technical deep dive into distributed case management systems

This article presents a comprehensive technical analysis of Distributed Case Management Systems (DCMS) in modern law enforcement operations. The article examines how these systems address the challenges of processing exponentially growing digital evidence, which has increased by 312% since 2019. Through implementation of microservices architecture and advanced caching strategies, DCMS demonstrates significant improvements in evidence processing efficiency, achieving 83% faster analysis times and improving accuracy rates from 67% to 94%. The article details the system's architectural components, including real-time collaboration frameworks processing 2.8 million queries per second and security implementations maintaining NIST 800-53 compliance. Performance metrics indicate a 79% increase in cross-jurisdictional case resolutions and 71% reduction in evidence verification times. The article also explores emerging technologies integration, including quantum-resistant encryption and blockchain-based evidence integrity systems processing 12.5 million transactions monthly.

Canadian law enforcement perceptions of older adult maltreatment, interviewing practices and training needs

Canadian law enforcement perceptions of older adult maltreatment, interviewing practices and training needs

Law Enforcement Response to Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review of Literature From 2012 to 2023

Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, many states enacted legislation criminalizing most forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) and necessitating law enforcement to shift to treat IPV as a potentially criminal, and thus arrestable, offense. These legislative changes include mandatory arrest laws (i.e., laws that require police to make an arrest if they believe there is a probable cause that a crime occurred) and dual-arrest policies (e.g., laws that require both individuals involved in the IPV incident to be arrested if law enforcement cannot determine who is primarily at fault). In 2012,Partner Abusepublished a comprehensive review, the Partner Abuse State of Knowledge project, which included consideration of how state law and law enforcement policies impact IPV. The current systematic review serves to update the literature published from 2012 to 2023 regarding law enforcement response to IPV cases. A review of 27 papers identified the following themes: characteristics of the offense, IPV dyad demographic characteristics, officer-specific characteristics, and diversion programs/alternatives to arrest. Consistent with prior research, this review suggests the IPV victim’s sex may serve as a salient factor with law enforcement responding more punitively in cases involving female victims. However, research regarding other extralegal factors (e.g., IPV dyad race) generally produced mixed results. Finally, this review highlights alternatives to arrest, like citations and diversion programs that offer promising avenues for future exploration.

Membuka Tabir Corrupt Campaign Practices Di Akhir Masa Jabatan Pejabat Politik di Indonesia

Corruption is a major factor that undermines government credibility and diminishes the quality of public services. Corruption practices have evolved beyond legal issues to become part of the complex dynamics of political battles, particularly in the context of electoral processes. This study aims to analyze the forms of campaign corruption carried out by political officials at the end of their terms in office and to examine the implementation of law enforcement against political officials involved in campaign corruption in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing secondary data analysis, focusing on legal provisions related to criminal acts of corruption, especially campaign corruption, through a literature review and relevant theoretical analysis. The findings indicate that campaign corruption is a systemic issue that damages the electoral process and erodes public trust in government. Abuse of power manifests in various forms, including the use of state facilities, mobilization of government apparatus, and distribution of cash to gain support. The Indonesian government has attempted to address this issue through regulations such as Law No. 31 of 1999, Law No. 20 of 2001, and establishing the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). However, law enforcement efforts face several challenges, including political interference, poor coordination among law enforcement agencies, and weaknesses in the legal system that perpetrators of corruption exploit. The contribution of this research lies in identifying gaps in regulations and implementing law enforcement against campaign corruption. This study provides recommendations for strengthening inter-agency coordination, improving existing regulations, and enhancing transparency in electoral oversight, thereby supporting more effective efforts to combat corruption in Indonesia.

Role Incongruity of Women in United States Law Enforcement: A National Survey Exploring Global and Specific Resistance in a Gendered Organization

ABSTRACTSince the 1990s, there has been a lot of research on women in policing and resistance to their entry into the field. Much of the research has examined specific resistance (i.e., individualized resistance based on perceived performance), whereas fewer studies today examine global resistance (i.e., resistance to women police in general). Applying role congruity theory, global and specific resistance by men coworkers, administrators, and the public was examined for a national sample of 358 women in United States law enforcement. It was found that women in law enforcement received slightly more global resistance from the public, whereas men coworkers displayed more specific resistance, and specific resistance was more likely to occur in areas related to the perceived ability of women to handle a masculine job. Multivariate analyses revealed that law enforcement remains a gendered organization with continued role incongruity for women.

Comprehensive Profiling of Illicit Amphetamines Seized in Poland: Insights from Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Chemometric Analysis

The illicit production and distribution of amphetamines present significant challenges to public health and law enforcement, particularly in Europe, where these substances dominate the stimulant market. This study aimed to profile amphetamines consumed within a Polish community by employing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemometric techniques to analyze their chemical composition and associated impurities. The optimized GC-MS methodology facilitated the identification of synthesis markers, precursor origins, and distribution patterns. Impurity profiling provided critical insights into regional production trends, including the use of specific precursors and adulterants. Chemometric analysis further enabled the classification of samples into distinct groups, shedding light on their origins and distribution chains. These findings underscore the potential of extending amphetamine profiling to include distribution-related compounds, offering a powerful tool for tracking production trends and enhancing forensic investigations in the fight against drug trafficking.

Policing wildlife trafficking in northeastern Mexico: the case of Tamaulipas in 2023-2024

Illegal wildlife trade is an environmental, economic, and social problem that threatens global public health and the security of countries. It is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss on a global scale. Mexico is a source and transit nation for trafficked wildlife, so the timely detection by Mexico’s governmental institutions is of fundamental importance for combating wildlife trafficking. The present study aims to analyze the factors that facilitate or constrain the police actions taken as first responders to wildlife trafficking in the state of Tamaulipas during the period 2023-2024. Through interviews with police officers, we determined that the prioritization of crimes related to public security has limited police attention to other forms of crime, such as wildlife trafficking. as the outcome is that wildlife trafficking is a largely uninvestigated, unquantified, and unaddressed crime. Further, most police officers are unaware that environmental crimes fall under their jurisdiction, which limits law enforcement and environmental justice in the state.

Survey—competition law enforcement in the fashion and luxury sector in 2023–2024

Survey—competition law enforcement in the fashion and luxury sector in 2023–2024

The Concept of Reforming Military Justice System Specifically in the Termination of Investigations on the Regulation of Institutions and Authority of Military Police Investigations in Indonesia

Objective: Military Criminal Procedure Law (HAPMIL) (Law No 31 of 1997) on Military Justice was found to require legal reform to correlate with current legal developments. The substance of this law should further adapt to evolving legal principles including the prompt resolution of cases and the realization of justice as well as legal benefits which were the objectives long desired in the scope of Military Justice in Indonesia. Theoretical Framework: In this context, there have been no regulations allowing Military Police Investigators (POM) to terminate military case during the investigation stage, even when valid reasons for termination exist. Therefore, this study aimed to address the lack of authority granted to POM to terminate investigations which undermined the effectiveness of legal processes. Method: The analysis further used a normative legal approach and concluded that empowering POM investigators with authority to terminate investigations would enhance the efficiency of law enforcement. Results and Discussion: Specifically, when POM determined that an investigation lacked sufficient evidence to proceed terminating the process in accordance with legal provisions would ensure fairness and clarity for both the accused and investigators. Research Implications: This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, agricultural practitioners, and stakeholders in Magetan Regency. Originality/Value: This research offers a unique contribution to the existing literature on food security and land use planning. The findings of this study can be applied to other regions facing similar challenges, making it a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners.

The Effects of Substance Abuse and Youth Involvement in Property Crime in Nigeria

This study investigates the relationship between substance abuse and youth involvement in property crime in Yelwa area of Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria. The objectives of this research is to examine the nature of substance abuse among youths, identify the causes leading to their involvement in property crime, assess the effects of substance abuse, explore factors influencing drug use, and provide solutions to combat the problem. The study provides insights in to the socio-economic factors driving substance abuse and its contribution to property crimes such as theft and burglary. The research adopts a quantitative approach, using a survey design. The population consists of 800 youths aged 18 to 35 in Yelwa, and a sample size of 334 was determined using the Taro Yamane formula. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires, containing both demographic information and targeted questions to assess the relationship between substance abuse and crime. The findings revealed that substance abuse, particularly involving marijuana, alcohol, and inhalants, is prevalent among youths and closely linked to property crimes. The key contributing factors include peer pressure, unemployment, and socio-economic hardship. The study highlights the detrimental impact of substance abuse on both individuals and the community, with increased property crimes and insecurity in Yelwa. The study concludes that comprehensive interventions are needed, including community awareness programs, stronger law enforcement, and youth rehabilitation initiatives. The study recommended that implementation of family-based interventions, youth engagement programs, and greater policy focus on substance abuse prevention at local and national levels.

Analysis of the Impact of the Shift in Investigative Authority from Sector Police (Polsek) to Resort Police (Polres) on the Law Enforcement Process and Fulfillment of Justice for the Community in the Jurisdiction of the Bangka Belitung Islands Regional Police

The Indonesian National Police (Polri) holds a central role in safeguarding public security, maintaining order, and enforcing the law in Indonesia. The Chief of the National Police's Decision Number: Kep/613/III/2021 introduces a strategic shift of investigative authority from Sector Police (Polsek) to Resort Police (Polres) in designated areas, including within the Bangka Belitung Islands Regional Police jurisdiction. This transformation is designed to optimize preventive functions at the Polsek level. This study employs a normative juridical method combined with an empirical approach through regulatory analysis and interviews with law enforcement officers and community members. The results reveal that this policy shift positively affects the efficiency of case handling while refocusing the Polsek’s role on community security and public service. Several determining factors, such as geographical distance, report volume, and accessibility, significantly influence the selection of Polseks exempt from investigative duties. The findings suggest that delegating investigative tasks to Polres supports better resource allocation for Polri personnel, enhances community-based policing, and ensures preventive measures are implemented effectively. These changes aim to create a more efficient and equitable system of law enforcement that accommodates the specific needs of various local contexts.

Challenges Faced by the Judiciary in Implementing Cybersecurity Laws in Pakistan

Due to the inherent growth of technological elements, today’s world of governance, commerce, and societies has been revolutionized, opening new vistas of opportunity as well as new horizons of cyber security threats. Fraud such as hacking, identity theft, and ransom ware are important threats that are knowledgeable about to personal and business associations and the government. In Pakistan, law enforcement agencies and the judiciary are overwhelmed with inadequate resources lack of training, and technical knowledge. However, the institutions operating in the country still face legislative gaps and enforcement challenges even after the passing of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016 means. The paper deals with Pakistan's situation concerning cyber security enhancement judicial practices and legislation and compares it to the United States’ strategic enhancement in the security domain. There are some leading projects like the National Judicial Automation Program and e-Courts, but still, it seems there are a lot more systems problems and no significant digital forensics available in the judiciary of Pakistan. The comparative analysis indicates that Pakistan needs to reform its laws, train its judges specialized in cybercrime and look for international cooperation when it comes to fighting transnational criminals engaged in cybercrimes. The importance of increasing the level of protection in cyberspace is highlighted by raising public awareness or engaging private structures. This research stresses the need to mitigate cyber security threats through legal, organizational, and social change. From best practices and international collaboration so that Pakistan can better address the issue, increase the capacity of its judicial system in combating cyber threats, and protect its critical IT assets. The actual findings of the research include ways to improve the efficiency of Courts, protect digital rights, and strengthen the governance of cyber security in the country.

The Urgency of Ammending Jinayat Qanun in Eradicating Cyber Sexual Crime in Aceh, Indonesia

As a special province in Indonesia with the jurisdiction to enforce Islamic law, Aceh has enacted Jinayat Qanun to regulate criminal actions. However, incidents of sexual offenses in cyberspace remain unregulated. This article seeks to elucidate the necessity for amendments to the Jinayat Qanun, particularly for instances of sexual offenses in cyberspace. It employs empirical research methodologies assessed via a legislative framework utilizing system theory. Data was gathered through meticulous literature review and extensive interviews. This study reveals that online prostitution has emerged as a global concern, reflecting the adverse effects of contemporary advancements. In Aceh, the currently enacted Jinayat Qanun is perceived as necessitating ammandments. These modifications are tailored to the evolving conditions of society. According to system theory, Jinayat Qanun substantially addresses the issue of online prostitution implicitly. However, obstacles persist within the legal framework and cultural context. Indonesia's legal structure and cultural dynamics, particularly in Aceh, pose significant challenges, underscoring the need for collaboration among various stakeholders, including judges, prosecutors, law enforcement, ulama, and community leaders.

Balancing duty and family: the effects of support systems on women in law enforcement

ABSTRACT Childcare resources and parental support remain a concern for many women police officers, who oftentimes become disparately impacted in the workplace due to their identity as a parent. Unpacking how resources and support might directly and indirectly impact commitment to the organization therefore becomes quite important, particularly in light of the retention crisis being faced by agencies across the country. This mixed-methods study employs: (1) ordinary least squares regression and structural equation modeling, in addition to (2) inductive content analysis in order to explore the relationship between organizational commitment, parental support, and social support. Results indicate that parental support and social support have significant positive direct and indirect effects on organizational commitment. Qualitative findings further contextualize that challenges related to scheduling and promotion, breastfeeding, and differential expectations between mothers and fathers are prominent. Potential avenues for improvement in these areas are explored.

Implementation of Diversion in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System in Indonesia: Analysis of Obstacles and Juvenile Punishment Based on Law Number 11 of 2012

This study aims to examine the concept of punishment for children as perpetrators of crimes in Indonesia. This study uses normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The legal materials are sourced from primary and secondary legal materials. The legal material collection technique is through literature studies and interviews. The legal materials are analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that The juvenile criminal justice system or Diversion has been implemented in various countries with different characteristics. International Law has recognized that children must be treated differently from adults. In Indonesia, the juvenile criminal justice system applies, which refers to Law Number 11 of 2012. However, the large number of cases of children sentenced to prison shows that Diversion has not been implemented optimally in Indonesia. The causes range from the inadequate capabilities of law enforcement officers, victims and/or victims' families who refuse to make peace, and diversion requirements that limit diversion efforts. Therefore, improvements are needed in the implementation of Diversion to ensure better protection for children as perpetrators of criminal acts in Indonesia.

Mining population opinion about local police

Abstract Sentiment analysis, or opinion mining, is an important task of natural language processing (NLP) that extracts opinions, attitudes, and emotions from text. With the growth of digital platforms like blogs and social networks, opinion mining has become a key tool for organizations to understand public sentiment. In recent research, machine learning and lexicon-based approaches have been applied to analyze sentiments. Our work specifically focuses on national security, where sentiment analysis offers crucial insights into local opinions, helping authorities gauge public mood. As part of our research, we developed the Public Sensing about Police Platform, a prototype system designed to analyze emotions from social networks. This system generates dashboards for law enforcement and security agencies, providing actionable intelligence for public safety. Our findings show that “Hate” was the most common emotion expressed in relation to police interventions, indicating widespread unpopularity of these actions and a resulting sense of insecurity among the public.

The business of ransomware and its effects on business

ABSTRACT Ransomware is a growing problem that not only affects a company’s financials but also leads to a loss of productivity, which can be difficult to quantify. This criminal extortion preys upon the vulnerability of the average computer user, and Canadian companies are at an increasing risk of experiencing a ransomware attack. The purpose of the current study was to survey a wide range of Canadian businesses about their experiences with ransomware attacks while also gaining insight on this issue with smaller businesses to address a gap in the research. Businesses were questioned about details regarding the ransomware attack(s), which include th following: reactions to the attack, the extent of the damage caused, and whether the business used internal or external IT services. Results reveal critical insights into the prevalence, financial impact, and organizational responses to ransomware attacks. Notably, 29% of businesses reported experiencing at least one ransomware attack, with most cases in Ontario (43%), and 85% of businesses contacted law enforcement following an attack, though satisfaction with police assistance varied. Comparative analysis showed no statistically significant differences by company size in having insurance, contacting police, or ransom demands, suggesting that both small and large companies face similar challenges in ransomware preparedness and response.

Legal Analysis of the Handling of M-Bangking Electronic Evidence in Bribery Cases in the Digital Era

Evidence in cybercrime cases can be easily erased or eliminated, and there are challenges in detecting crimes that occur in the banking sector that utilizes computer technology. This difficulty arises due to the lack of adequate equipment, the lack of courage of some victims to report the incident to the authorities, as well as the relatively weak security system of the owner of the asset or system. In addition, the difficulty in tracking the whereabouts of the perpetrators is also a significant problem. This research aims to examine and analyze how electronic evidence derived from M-banking transactions can be used in the process of proving bribery cases, as well as the challenges faced in law enforcement in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative approach with qualitative analysis, which includes literature studies and analysis of relevant regulations, such as the Electronic Information and Transaction Act (UU ITE) and the Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP). In this research, it was found that although the ITE Law gives recognition to electronic documents as valid evidence, there are obstacles in its application in court. The Criminal Code has not expressly regulated the recognition of electronic documents, which causes confusion in legal practice. In addition, technical challenges and lack of understanding among law enforcement officers regarding how to handle electronic evidence are also obstacles in the proof process.