Advanced Energy Research Articles

Tuning Electrical Conductivity and Ultrafast Optical Nonlinearity of Reduced-GO Films Ablated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Carbon-based nanomaterials with excellent electrical and optical properties are highly sought after for a plethora of hybrid applications, ranging from advanced sustainable energy storage devices to opto-electronic components. In this contribution, we examine in detail the dependence of electrical conductivity and the ultrafast optical nonlinearity of graphene oxide (GO) films on their degrees of reduction, as well as the link between the two properties. The GO films were first synthesized through the vacuum filtration method and then reduced partially and controllably by way of femtosecond laser direct writing with varying power doses. Subsequently, the four-point probe measurements of the reduced-GO (r-GO) films were demonstrated to exhibit superior resistivity and electrical conductivity compared with the pristine-GO counterpart. It was found that the conductivity of the film increases and then decreases with increasing ablation laser power (P), and GO was completely reduced at P = 100 mW, with a resistivity and electrical conductivity of 1.09 × 10−3 Ω·m and 9.19 × 102 S/m, respectively. GO was over-reduced at P = 120 mW, with its resistivity and electrical conductivity being 3.72 × 10−3 Ω·m and 2.69 × 102 S/m, respectively. We further tested the ultrafast optical nonlinearity (ONL) of the as-prepared pristine and reduced GO with the femtosecond Z-scan technique. The results show that the behavior of ONL is reversed whenever GO is reduced in a controlled manner. More interestingly, the higher the ablation laser power is, the stronger the optical nonlinearity of r-GO is. In particular, the nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients of the r-GO films reach up to 3.26 × 10−8 m/W and −1.12 × 10−13 m2/W when P = 120 mW. The nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients reach 1.9 × 10−8 m/W and −3 × 10−13 m2/W, respectively, for P = 70 mW. GO/r-GO thin films with tunable photovoltaic response properties have potential for a wide range of applications in microelectronic circuits, energy, and environmental sustainability.

Nitrogen-Doped Two-Dimensional Carbon Nanosheets for High-Sulfur-Loading Lithium-Sulfur Batteries via a Lignin-Based High-Internal-Phase Pickering Emulsion Strategy.

Attributable to sulfur's significant theoretical energy density, its affordability, and its environmentally friendly nature, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are recognized as advanced energy storage technologies with considerable potential. Nonetheless, the solubility and migration of polysulfides within the electrolyte substantially hinder their practical implementation. To address this issue, we developed a nitrogen-doped two-dimensional (2D) wavy carbon nanosheet material (NCN) by using the Pickering emulsion templating method. Nitrogen doping enhances the surface polarity of the two-dimensional carbon material, promoting electrolyte penetration and providing strong chemical adsorption of polysulfides. The distinctive two-dimensional wavy structure enhances lithium-ion transport and regulates polysulfide dissolution and diffusion throughout the electrochemical cycle, resulting in an enhanced electrochemical performance. Therefore, the S@NCN cathode shows a discharge specific capacity, reaching 936 mAh g-1 at 1 C. Despite a sulfur load reaching 7.2 mg cm-2, the S@NCN cathode achieves a specific capacity of 823 mAh g-1. These findings indicate that the NCN is a high-performance 2D carbon material for sulfur cathodes, effectively improving the electrochemical stability of LSBs and showing great potential for future applications as a cathode material in LSBs.

Research on the Application of PID Control Algorithm and Fuzzy Control Theory in the Field of Temperature Control

In the field of industrial automation control systems, PID control algorithms are widely used in various control fields such as temperature, speed and position. Among them, fuzzy PID control can improve control accuracy and stability, can significantly improve product quality and production efficiency, in food processing, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical and textile industries have a wide range of applications. Therefore, this paper comprehensively discusses the theory of fuzzy PID control algorithm and its application in the field of temperature control. The advantages of fuzzy PID control in complex industrial environments are emphasized through a comparative analysis with other temperature control methods as well as traditional linear PID control. The research indicates that by optimizing the control algorithm and hardware design, the fuzzy PID control algorithm can reduce the system overshoot and steady state error, thus improving the control accuracy and response speed. At the same time, the introduction of multivariable PID controllers or the use of advanced multivariable control strategies can achieve coordinated control of multiple variables, thereby improving the performance of the entire system. In addition, the integration of advanced energy management system and data analysis technology can comprehensively monitor and optimize the management of energy consumption, further improving the energy efficiency of the system

Case Study on Optimum Utilization of Hybrid Energy for Race Car Performance

—Hybrid energy systems have transformed the auto- motive and motorsport industries, offering an effective balance between performance and sustainability. This paper explores the optimum utilization of hybrid energy in race cars, focusing on advanced energy management strategies and their impact on performance metrics like lap times, fuel efficiency, and emissions. Utilizing insights from Quasi-Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (Q-PMP) [1], energy allocation frameworks [2], and real-time op- timization techniques under battery constraints [3], this study ex- amines the synergy between internal combustion engines (ICEs) and electric motors in high-performance scenarios. Additionally, the role of hybrid energy storage systems, such as batteries and ultra-capacitors, in enhancing power delivery is analyzed [4]. Results from case studies and simulations demonstrate significant improvements in race performance, including faster lap times and reduced energy consumption, highlighting the practical viability of hybrid systems in motorsports [5][6]. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptive energy strategies in advancing the competitive edge and sustainability of hybrid race cars. Index Terms—Hybrid Energy, Energy Optimization, Fuel Ef- ficiency in Racing, Energy Distribution in Hybrid Vehicles

A room temperature rechargeable Li–LiNO3 battery with high capacity

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become advanced energy storage technologies; however, specific capacity remains limited by the active materials in cathodes. Here, we report Li-LiNO3 batteries (LNBs) where LiNO3 in electrolyte serves as both active materials and ion conductor at room temperature. LNBs operate on a highly reversible redox between NO3- and NO2-, which results in an impressive areal capacity of 19 mAh cm-2 at a plateau voltage of 1.75 V. Furthermore, the pouch cell exhibits stable cycling at a capacity of 100 mAh. This research underscores the potential of LNBs for high-capacity energy storage.

Effects of structural design, interface optimization, and processing on the performance of lithium battery anode silicon nanomaterials

With an emphasis on the advancements in anode material research, this article offers a comprehensive summary of the major technologies used in lithium-ion batteries, a common type of electrochemical energy storage device. Because silicon has both benefits, such as low cost and high theoretical specific capacity, and significant drawbacks, including electrode pulverization and capacity loss due to volume expansion, it is the main focus of this study. This article goes into great detail on the use of silicon material nanosizing to enhance silicon anode performance, discussing how reducing particle size can mitigate the negative effects of volume changes during cycling. However, the section on compositing and structural design processes lacks sufficient depth, which limits the understanding of how these processes can further improve anode stability and efficiency. Furthermore, the article does not comprehensively cover the diverse methods utilized to enhance silicon anode performance, such as the incorporation of conductive additives or protective coatings. The challenges associated with the practical applications of silicon nanoparticles, such as scalability and cost-effectiveness, are examined in detail; nevertheless, the prospects for further research and technological advancements in these areas are not sufficiently addressed. This paper calls for more in-depth studies and innovations in compositing techniques, structural optimization, and practical solutions to realize the full potential of silicon anodes for advanced energy storage.

Influences of carbon nanotubes as electrode materials on the energy storage for lithium-ion batteries

Due to inherent theoretical capacity limitations and safety issues associated with commonly used anode materials in lithium-ion batteries, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their unique one-dimensional tubular structure and superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, can partially address these deficiencies and enhance lithium storage capacity. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the impacts of carbon nanotubes as electrode materials on energy storage for lithium-ion batteries. It discusses three aspects in detail: the use of CNTs as direct anode materials, as composite anode materials, and as flexible electrode materials. Each application will be examined in terms of its specific advantages, existing challenges, and corresponding solutions to improve battery performance. The paper also evaluates the role of CNTs in enhancing the electrochemical stability, improving cycle life, and achieving higher power densities, which makes them highly promising for next-generation energy storage solutions, particularly for portable and flexible electronic devices. Additionally, the unique ability of CNTs to form a highly conductive network facilitates efficient charge transport and reduces internal resistance, further contributing to the overall performance of the battery. Future research directions may focus on optimizing the synthesis methods and improving the interface interactions between CNTs and other active materials, to fully leverage their properties for enhanced safety, higher efficiency, and lower costs. As such, carbon nanotubes are seen as key materials that could play an important role in meeting the growing demand for advanced energy storage systems.

Electrochemical dendrite management via voltage-controlled rearrangement

Abstract The pursuit of advanced energy storage solutions has highlighted the potential of rechargeable batteries with metal anodes due to their high specific capacities and low redox potentials. However, the formation of metal dendrites remains a critical challenge, compromising both safety and operational stability. For zinc-based batteries (ZBs), traditional methods to suppress dendrite growth have shown limited success and often entail performance compromise. Here, we propose a novel strategy termed dendrite rearrangement (DR) that leverages the electrochemical self-discharge process to controllably address the dendrite issues. By temporarily increasing the input voltage within a single cycle, this strategy resets the cell stability without precipitating undesirable side reactions during normal operation. This pioneering technique extends operational lifespans to over three times their original duration, facilitating 80,000 cycles for Zn-ion hybrid capacitors and 3,000 hours for Zn symmetrical cells. Even in scaled-up pouch cells, Ah-level symmetrical cells demonstrate a cumulative capacity nearing 200,000 mAh, significantly surpassing that of reported metal symmetrical cells. Additionally, the electrolytic Zn-MnO2 battery demonstrates a high capacity approaching 10 Ah, setting a new benchmark among reported ZB devices. These results mark a significant advance towards resolving dendrite-related issues in metal anode batteries, paving the way for their sustainable development and potential commercialization.

Fabrication and Analysis of BaTiO3-Nb2O5 Ceramics for Advanced Energy Storage Applications

As the demand for high-performance energy storage systems surges, dielectric materials have emerged as frontrunners due to their exceptional power density. Yet, their relatively low energy density has long been a bottleneck for practical deployment. This study breaks new ground by addressing this limitation, focusing on the enhancement of Barium Titanate-based ceramics for energy storage through the strategic incorporation of Niobium Oxide (Nb2O5). By investigating the effects of Nb2O5 on 0.98BT-0.02BMC ceramics, we unlock unprecedented improvements in both dielectric and energy storage properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals the stability of a single perovskite phase across all compositions, paving the way for reliable performance. Most strikingly, the x = 4 composition delivers a groundbreaking dielectric constant (~2200) alongside a remarkable energy density of 1.40 J/cm3 and a recoverable energy density of 1.10 J/cm3, achieving an efficiency of 78.8%. These extraordinary results propel the material to the forefront of next-generation energy storage technologies, making it a powerhouse for high-demand applications such as power pulse systems. With its unparalleled combination of high energy density, exceptional efficiency, and long-term stability, this material holds the promise to redefine energy storage solutions, setting new benchmarks in both performance and reliability.

Facile Ester-based Phase Change Materials Synthesis for Enhanced Energy Storage Toward Battery Thermal Management.

With the increasing demand for thermal management, phase change materials (PCMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their unique advantages in energy storage and temperature regulation. However, traditional PCMs present challenges in modification, with commonly used physical methods facing stability and compatibility issues. This study introduces a simple and effective chemical method by synthesizing seven ester-based PCMs through chemical reactions involving lauric acid (LA) and seven different alcohols. These materials notably broaden the phase change temperature range, exhibiting melting temperature from -8.99 to 46.60°C, expanding by 203.18% compared to raw alcohol materials. In addition, these samples exhibit excellent thermal stability and high latent heat, with a maximum latent heat value of 182.98 Jg-1. In subsequent application studies, this material demonstrates outstanding energy storage characteristics and proposed an innovative thermal management method for batteries based on the PCM immersion technique, allowing the battery to maintain a temperature below 60°C for 20.5h, while the blank group rapidly reached 60°C within 0.82h and increased to 75°C within 2.35h. This approach greatly improves temperature regulation, enhances battery safety, and boosts operational efficiency, highlighting the immense potential of the material in advanced energy storage applications.

An Advanced Energy Efficient Resource Allocation for Software‐Defined WSN Using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm

ABSTRACTSoftware‐Defined Wireless Sensor Networking (SDWSN) is termed a rising network structure that has become more important to the Internet of Things (IoT). In this network structure, the control planes effectively manage the sensor plane. Due to these kinds of separation, the management of networks became easier and also their efficacies are enhanced in the self‐motivated atmosphere. The common issue presented in the sensor atmosphere is minimal life in the network devices inspired by the maximal level of energy consumption rate. The current study provides a system architecture that intends to increase efficiency in an SDWSN by incorporating optimization techniques. A novel hybrid optimization strategy is created by merging the Election‐Based Optimization Algorithm (EBOA) with the Ladybird Beetle Optimization Algorithm (LBOA), and the result is known as Hybrid Election‐based Ladybird Beetle Optimization (HELBO). This work examines an energy‐efficient resource allocation mechanism in SDWSNs that have substantial computing power and memory. These algorithms optimize the bandwidth along with power allocation in the SDWSN to attain a considerable Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) under the individual constraint of quality of service. Finally, empirical findings show that the recommended HELBO method outperforms other present algorithms.

In situ growth of three-dimensional walnut-like nanostructures of W-Ni2P@NiFe LDH/NF as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for water decomposition

The design of novel composite nanomaterial structures is important for the construction of advanced electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, obtaining novel electrocatalysts with excellent catalytic activity and stability is still challenging. Herein, new catalysts with a unique nanostructure of W-Ni2P@NiFe LDH/NF composed of W-doped Ni2P ultrafine nanosheets were successfully grown in situ using NiFe LDH nanostructures as the backbone support. The newly produced catalysts showed distinctive three-dimensional spherical nanostructure, beneficial to enhancing electron transport, providing abundant active sites, and promoting gas release. To increase the catalytic effectiveness, a synergy interaction was produced among W-Ni2P with NiFe LDH to yield significantly improved stability and reactivity electrocatalysts. Compared to NiFe LDH/NF and W-Ni2P/NF, the as-obtained spherically-structured W-Ni2P@NiFe LDH/NF catalysts demonstrated high catalytic efficiencies toward OER (222 mV @ 40 mA⋅cm−2), HER (195 mV @ 10 mA⋅cm−2), and total electrolysis (1.7 V @ 10 mA⋅cm−2). Besides, the catalytic activities of W-Ni2P@NiFe LDH/NF electrocatalysts compared well to most published non-precious metal catalysts and even valuable precious metal catalysts. In sum, the proposed approach to construct inexpensive, high-activity, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts looks promising for advanced future hydrogen energy conversion applications.

Unveiling the Potential of Metal Diborides for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting: A Comprehensive Review

Electrocatalytic water splitting (EWS) driven by renewable energy is vital for clean hydrogen (H2) production and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. While IrO2 and RuO2 are the leading electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and Pt for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic environments, the need for efficient, stable, and affordable materials persists. Recently, transition‐metal borides (TMBs), particularly metal diborides (MDbs), have gained attention due to their unique layered crystal structures with multicentered boron bonds, offering remarkable physicochemical properties. Their nearly 2D structures boost electrochemical performance by offering high conductivity and a large active surface area, making them well‐suited for advanced energy storage and conversion technologies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the critical factors for water splitting, the crystal and electronic structures of MDbs, and their synthetic strategies. Furthermore, it examines the relationship between catalytic performance and intermediate adsorption as elucidated by first‐principle calculations. The review also highlights the latest experimental advancements in MDb‐based electrocatalysts and addresses the current challenges and future directions for their development.

Data-Driven Technologies for Energy Optimization in Smart Buildings: A Scoping Review

Data-Driven Technologies for Energy Optimization in Smart Buildings: A Scoping Review

Regulating d-p band center with selenium vacancy in iron diselenide nanoarrays towards sulfion-assisted seawater electrolysis for chlorine-free hydrogen production.

Defect engineering is considered one of the most powerful strategies for regulating the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. A deep understanding of the defect-involved mechanism in electrocatalytic process is of great importance but remains a challenging task. In this study, an anionic Se-vacancy (VSe) was introduced into iron diselenide (FeSe2) nanoarrays, enabling the catalyst to exhibit improved electrocatalytic performance for sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR). The Se vacancy incorporated can modulate surface electronic structure and optimize the proximity of the d-p band center, strengthening the interaction between FeSe2-VSe and S atom. This endows the FeSe2/IF-VSe catalyst with the excellent electrocatalytic activity for SOR. As an alternative reaction to oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the low-potential SOR enables an ultralow electricity consumption in SOR-hydrid seawater electrolysis, avoiding detrimental chlorine electrochemistry. A proof-of-concept self-powered system based on FeSe2-VSe electrodes was constructed by integrating Zn-nitrite battery and SOR-hybrid seawater electrolyzer to produce high-value hydrogen, sulfur and ammonia. This work offers a fascinating strategy for the construction of an advanced energy system to produce hydrogen while utilizing seawater and wastewater.

Two-stage multi-objective framework for optimal operation of modern distribution network considering demand response program.

To improve the inadequate reliability of the grid that has led to a worsening energy crisis and environmental issues, comprehensive research on new clean renewable energy and efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly energy management technologies is essential. This requires the creation of advanced energy management systems to enhance system reliability and optimize efficiency. Demand-side energy management systems are a superior solution for multiple reasons. Firstly, they empower consumers to actively oversee and regulate their energy consumption, resulting in substantial cost savings by minimizing usage during peak hours and enhancing overall efficiency. The Demand Response Program (DRP) and optimal power sharing have gained significant attention to provide technical and economic benefits, while they require an efficient operation framework. Therefore, a two-stage framework is proposed for multi-objective operation of a distribution network with several generation resources. The first stage applies DRP to maximize the distribution network operator's (DNO) profit by optimizing common incentive rate for all consumers participate in DRP and an individual curtailed power for each consumer. In addition to an individual incentive rate for each consumer participates in DRP which is a new solution in the field of demand side management. The second stage achieves optimal power sharing among generation resources, while considering multiple objectives and incorporating the modified load of the first stage. The multi-objective problem is formulated to reduce energy losses, voltage deviation, total operational cost, gas emissions, and maximize the voltage stability index. The problem is optimized using a combination of the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and the elephant herding optimization (EHO) technique. The framework is validated using a modified IEEE 33-bus that incorporates photovoltaic system, diesel generators, and wind generation system. The proposed framework based on an individual incentive rate DRP provides superior response compared to common incentive rate DRP which reduces the total energy losses by 38.13%, reduces the total generation cost by 9.468%, and reduces the emission by 5.9%.

Recent Advances of Electrode Materials Applied in an Electrochromic Supercapacitor Device.

An electrochromic supercapacitor device (ESD) is an advanced energy storage device that combines the energy storage capability of a supercapacitor with the optical modulation properties of electrochromic materials. The electrode materials used to construct an ESD need to have both rich color variations and energy storage properties. Recent advances in ESDs have focused on the preparation of novel electrochromic supercapacitor electrode materials and improving their energy storage capacity, cycling stability, and electrochromic performance. In this review, the research significance and application value of ESDs are discussed. The device structure and working principle of electrochromic devices and supercapacitors are analyzed in detail. The research progress of inorganic materials, organic materials, and inorganic/organic nanocomposite materials used for the construction of ESDs is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of materials in ESD applications are summarized. The preparation and application of ESD electrode materials in recent years are reviewed in detail. Importantly, the challenges existing in the current research and recommendations for future perspectives are suggested. This review will provide a useful reference for researchers in the field of ESD electrode material preparation and application.

Solution Deposition Planarization as an Alternative to Electro-Mechanical Polishing for HTS Coated-Conducters

Mechanically flexible substrates are increasingly utilized in electronics and advanced energy technologies like solar cells and high-temperature superconducting coated conductors (HTS-CCs). These substrates offer advantages, such as large surface areas and reduced manufacturing costs through reel-to-reel processing, but often lack the surface smoothness needed for optimal performance. For HTS-CCs, specific orientation and high crystalline quality are essential, requiring buffer layers to prepare the amorphous substrate for superconductor deposition. Techniques, such as mechanical polishing, electropolishing, and chemical-mechanical polishing, can help achieve an optimally levelled surface suitable for the subsequent steps of sputtering and ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) necessary for texturing. This review examines Solution Deposition Planarization (SDP) as a cost-effective alternative to traditional electro-mechanical polishing for HTS coated conductors. SDP achieves surface roughness levels below 1 nm through multiple oxide layer coatings, offering reduced production costs. Comparative studies demonstrate planarization efficiencies of up to 20%. Ongoing research aims to enhance SDP’s efficiency for industrial applications in CC production.

Lightweight 3D-printed chitosan/MXene aerogels for advanced electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, and thermal management

Lightweight 3D-printed chitosan/MXene aerogels for advanced electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, and thermal management

Application of Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in Lithium-ion Batteries

Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is becoming a powerful tool in the Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) field due to its excellent resolution and sensitivity, as well as its ability to provide spectrally and depth-resolved information. The perspective comprehensively delves into the application of ToF-SIMS in two major areas of LIBs research. Firstly, the article elucidates how ToF-SIMS has been instrumental in deciphering the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) composition and analyzing electrolyte aging. The insights gleaned from such studies have paved the way for enhancing the longevity and safety of LIBs. Secondly, we explore the role of ToF-SIMS in scrutinizing the distribution of interface reactions, which are critical for understanding charge and discharge mechanisms. The analysis aids in optimizing the interface properties, thereby improving battery performance. Such detections are paramount in ensuring the safety and operational stability of batteries. Overall, the integration of ToF-SIMS in LIBs research offers a promising avenue for the development of advanced and safer energy storage systems.