Use Of Coal Energy Research Articles

Phenomena and mechanism of slagging and corrosion in energy use of coal with a high content of salts

Purpose. Determination of the main mechanisms of slagging and corrosion of heating surfaces when using coal or other raw materials with a high content of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Experimental determination of mineral phases of ash residues of burning composite raw materials with the participation of salty coal and the influence of component composition on the formation of refractory compounds. Methodology. Critical analysis and generalization of achievements in the developed theories of slagging and corrosion of surfaces during the combustion of problematic carbon raw materials (salty coal, biomass, some wastes, etc.). Determination of the main approaches to the problem of using coal with a high pollution factor. Selection of objects of experimental study on composite raw materials, including coal of different degrees of metamorphism and salinity. Identification of minerals of ash residues of individual fuels and their blends using X-ray phase analysis (X-ray diffraction). Semi-quantitative phase analysis of diffractograms was performed using MATCH! software. Findings. Modern views on the causes of slagging and corrosion processes during the combustion of fuel with a high salt content are highlighted. It has been determined that the process of intensive slagging is associated with a certain ratio of sodium, calcium and iron compounds. The composition and features of the mineral phases of ash residues of composite fuel with the participation of salty coal are experimentally established. The influence of the content of components on the formation of certain mineral phases of mixed ash was determined. Originality. For the first time, the prospects of using two-component blended fuel with the participation of Ukrainian salty coal have been studied. The analysis of minerals in ash residues of salty coal and its blends was carried out. It has been determined that the main part of Na in ash of salty coal of the Bohdanivske deposit in the Northern Donbas is in the form of sulfates and silicates. For the first time, the composition and ways of formation of new refractory mineral compounds in the ash formed during the combustion of composite fuel from coal of different metamorphism and salinity have been established. Practical value. Based on the analysis of literary sources and conducted studies, the dependence of the ash composition on the minerals of the initial fuel and on the ratio of various components in the blends was determined. The proposed approach has a predictive power, as it allows predicting the formation of the main refractory ash minerals. The expediency and prospects of involving salty coal in the fuel base of Ukraine as a component of blended fuels are shown.

IT2 Fuzzy-Based Multidimensional Evaluation of Coal Energy for Sustainable Economic Development

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of coal energy on the economic development of countries. For this purpose, similar studies in the literature have been examined and nine different criteria have been determined for three dimensions affecting the use of coal energy. In order to determine the most important factors, an analysis is performed with IT2 fuzzy DANP method. The most important contribution of this study to the literature is that a proposal can be made for the use of coal energy by considering both positive and negative opinions related to this energy. On the other hand, IT2 fuzzy DANP method has been taken into consideration in this study for the first-time regarding coal energy and it is believed that methodological originality has been achieved. It is identified that social factors have the most importance in the use of coal energy. In this context, environmental pollution, health problems and demographic factors resulting from the use of coal energy should be taken into consideration in the use of this energy. Thus, problems arising from the use of coal energy far outweigh the economic benefits of using this energy. Therefore, factors that may prevent air pollution, such as carbon capture technology, should be considered in the use of coal energy. In addition, the use of high-quality coal will contribute to the reduction of the problems caused with this energy. In addition, investing in renewable energy sources that do not have negative impacts on the environment is also important for the sustainability of future energy policies.

Modelling coal rent, economic growth and CO2 emissions: Does regulatory quality matter in BRICS economies?

Global warming issues have been on the front burner of most economies and Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa countries (BRICS) are no exception. The region has joined the rest of the world on the global strides to mitigate against global warming in terms of decoupling carbon dioxide emissions from economic growth. This is the motivation for the present study to consider the interaction between economic growth, pollutant emissions, coal rent while accounting for the role of other covariates like regulatory quality. The study is conducted in a balanced panel setting over annual frequency data from 1990 to 2014. To this end, Pooled mean group with dynamic autoregressive distributed lag [PMG-ARDL (1,1,1,1,1)] was conducted to explore the coal-rents-energy nexus. The empirical study shows that for BRICS countries, unlike coal consumption, coal rents have a significant but negative impact on CO2 emissions. Also, in contrast to expectation, regulations on coal rents in form of carbon damage costs have a significant but positive impact on CO2 emissions. This suggest that in line with the drive for growth by BRICS countries, and to achieve a reduction in the levels of CO2 emissions for green growth and sustainable development, more stringent environmental-energy-related regulations are inevitable. Thus, for policymakers it is vital to reinforce the use of stringent regulations as these economies opens up to more use of coal energy. However, the need to shift, the energy mix in BRICS to renewables is pertinent in a time of global environmental consciousness for cleaner energy sources and environmentally friendly ecosystem.

When climate change is missing: Media discourse on coal mining in the Czech Republic

One of the EU's main decarbonization goals is a reduction in the energy use of coal. It would be a mistake, however, to assume that public support for decarbonization can be gained automatically by pointing out threats from climate change, particularly in light of the role coal plays in the local and national economy and in energy security. In this article we search for factors affecting public support for a coal phase-out in media content. According to the theory of agenda setting, the media establishes problems calling for solutions and influences public perceptions of the (un)importance of those problems. We illustrate this case on the example of the Czech Republic. The paper demonstrates that Czech media has cultivated a discursive environment in which coal mining is separated from coal combustion, neglecting the inevitable interconnection of these two processes; coal consumption is not characterized as an environmental problem; and the economic problems of private companies more easily become public problems, making future coal phase-out policies harder to implement.

Regulation-induced structural break and the long-run drivers of industrial pollution intensity in China

Abstract This study examines the effect of the regulation-induced structural break on the nexus between industrial pollution intensity (IPI) and energy use structure in China. Using six industrial pollutants intensity, IPI indicator is derived from Principal Component Analysis. The study applies three types of time-series based approaches, including Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Squares, Canonical Cointegrating Regression, and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares, to deal with the problems of serial correlation and endogeneity. The results show that while a higher share of coal energy use increases IPI, stricter environmental regulation shifts the long-run IPI curve downwards. When we interact both variables, the results reveal that stricter environmental regulation induces a significant structural break in industrial use of coal energy, in a manner that reduces the associated emissions. Furthermore, investment in environmental treatment, trade liberalization and foreign direct investment reduce IPI in the long-run, but real gross domestic product increases IPI, which suggests the absence of scale economies in the industrial sector. To reduce IPI, stricter environmental regulations are necessary. The government can leverage on the positive environmental benefits of foreign investment, international trade, and direct investment in environmental treatment.

Coal utilization in India and Japan: a narrative‐analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to construct historical perceptions of coal use in India and Japan in different historical time periods through the process of analyzing the narratives and discourses in academic, media and trade literatures.Design/methodology/approachIn terms of methodology, this paper will utilize discourse theories/analysis and interpretive history to study the subject matter. In this paper, specific literatures on energy as well as general literatures on themes like technology are utilized.FindingsThe finding of the paper is that discourses and narratives about coal energy for example are constantly negotiated, constructed and then deconstructed again to fit and adapt to new realities, including the availability of newer technologies or priorities and concerns about the environment.Originality/valueThe research implication and originality of the paper is to demonstrate empirically the idea of the existence of narrative communities debating the use of coal energy in India and Japan. It highlights the communities of stakeholders interested in coal energy resource. The practical application and value of the ideas is the intellectual process of categorizing various contemporary narratives about coal energy use specific to two of the largest consumers and importers of coal in Asia. Through historical narratives of its past and recent coal use, the role and function of coal in the overall energy mix of India and Japan are instructive. The research limitation lies in its non‐quantitative nature and reliance on a combination of academic and trade secondary sources.

Analysis of the possibilities of rare earth elements obtaining from coal and fly ash

Streszczenie Pierwiastki ziem rzadkich nazywane powszechnie REE (Rare Earth Elements) to grupa 15 lantanowców od lantanu do lutenu, a także skand i itr, które charakteryzują się podobnymi właściwościami chemicznymi. Stanowią surowce uznane przez Unię Europejską za jedne z listy 14 surowców krytycznych, o znaczeniu strategicznym dla rozwoju nowoczesnych wysoko zawansowanych technologii. Światowe wydobycie REE kształtuje się aktualnie na poziomie 139 tys. Mg, a głównym producentem są Chiny, które dostarczają około 93% światowego zapo­trzebowania na surowce ziem rzadkich W związku z sytuacją na światowym rynku metali ziem rzadkich (REE), w ostatnich latach rozpoczęto wiele projektów w celu poszukiwania nowych źródeł REE. W artykule omówiono znaczenie ziem rzadkich w gospodarce światowej. Głównym celem pracy było określenie potencjału i form występowania pierwiastków ziem rzadkich w węglach kamiennych i odpadach z energetycznego wykorzystania węgla, jako alternatywnego źródła ich pozyskania. Na podstawie analizy literatury oraz przeprowadzonych badań własnych wytypowanych próbek polskich węgli kamiennych i popiołów z elektrowni, przedstawiono zawartości pierwiastków ziem rzadkich REE w wybranych węglach i popiołach lotnych z elektrowni na świecie i w Polsce. Średnia zawartość £ REE w węglach na świecie wynosi 60 ppm natomiast w badanych węglach polskich z KWK Jankowice £ REE wynosiła 77 ppm, dla pozostałych węgli uzyskano niższe zawartości od 8 do 40 ppm. Ponadto praca przedstawia perspektywiczne światowe zasoby tych pierwiastków, które mogą stać się ich cennym, alternatywnym źródłem w ciągu najbliższych lat.

Modern Problems of Gasification of Coal Fuels (Brief Overview)

The analysis of literary sources in the field of gasification of water-coal fuel is presented. The results of theoretical studies of the physicochemical laws of gasification and determination of the most expedient operating parameters based on the calculated composition of synthesis gas using a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes occurring with a moving fuel particle in the volume of the gas generator are considered. Comparison of theoretical and theoretical and experimental data of the process of low-temperature gasification of water-coal fuel on air and oxygen blast, demonstrating the adequacy of this model. Conclusions are made about the main advantages and disadvantages of using this method of coal combustion. It is shown that one of the most promising technologies for the energy use of coal is the preparation of coal-water suspensions, which are composite liquid fuel with predetermined technological and rheological properties to ensure minimum operating costs during its preparation, storage, transportation, combustion or gasification. The main results of work on the cavitation treatment of a coal-water suspension and fuel preparation obtained by the authors of the articles are presented

Methodological lessons and results from UNEP GHG abatement costing studies The case of Zimbabwe

This article is based on greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas abatement costing studies carried out for Zimbabwe. The study produced an inventory of GHG emissions for the country and assessed the cost of 17 technological options for reducing GHG emissions on the basis of which was developed a set of abatement cost curves, one based on a discount rate of 6% and another on 10%. The study carried out as part of the UNEP greenhouse gas abatement costing studies shows that GHG emission levels as at 1991 were 16.9 million tonnes having increased from a 1982 level of 8.9 million tonnes. The bulk of these emissions (13.9 million tonnes) were related to the use of coal energy. Abatement costs range from −Z$821.50 (negative costs) per tonne for the cheapest abatement option to Z$31 645.00 for the most expensive option considered. However, omitting the two options at the endpoints of the cost curve the remaining options are in the interval −Z$49.6 to +Z$1673.2. Assessment of these costs was based on cost items such as capital outlay for an option, related fuel costs and a discount rate set at 6% and 10%. Emission reductions of 21% in the short term and 39% compared with baseline in the long term were achieved mainly through energy sector options. A significant range of these were negative cost options mainly associated with end-use efficiency improvements rather than supply side options.