Analysis Of Energy Systems Research Articles

Evaluation framework for Techno-economic analysis of energy system retrofit technologies

Evaluation framework for Techno-economic analysis of energy system retrofit technologies

Design and feasibility analysis of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system: perspective of commercial buildings

Design and feasibility analysis of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system: perspective of commercial buildings

Temporally detailed modeling and analysis of global net zero energy systems focusing on variable renewable energy

This study newly develops a recursive-dynamic global energy model with an hourly temporal resolution for electricity and hydrogen balances, aiming to assess the role of variable renewable energy (VRE) in a carbon-neutral world. This model, formulated as a large-scale linear programming model (with 500 million each of variables and constraints), calculates the energy supply for 100 regions by 2050. The detailed temporal resolution enables the model to incorporate the variable output of VRE and system integration options, such as batteries, water electrolysis, curtailment, and the flexible charging of battery electric vehicles. Optimization results suggest that combing various technical options suitable for local energy situations is critical to reducing global CO2 emissions cost-effectively. Not only VRE but also CCS-equipped gas-fired and biomass-fired power plants largely contribute to decarbonizing power supply. The share of VRE in global power generation in 2050 is estimated to be 57% in a cost-effective case. The results also imply economic challenges for an energy system based on 100% renewable energy. For example, the average mitigation cost in 2050 is 69USD/tCO2 in the cost-effective case, while it increases to 139USD/tCO2 in the 100% renewable case. The robustness of this argument is tested by sensitivity analyses.

Exact solutions for porous fins under a uniform magnetic field: A novel reduction method

This study presents a novel reduction method to obtain exact solutions for the behavior of a porous fin under a uniform magnetic field, considering the effects of convection, radiation, and internal heat generation. The study applies the reduction method to simplify the governing equations and reduce the complexity of the mathematical model, making it possible to obtain closed-form solutions. The results of the analysis provide a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of the porous fin, including the temperature distribution and heat transfer characteristics, and the impact of the magnetic field on its performance. The findings of this research could be useful for the analysis and description of various heat transfer and energy systems that involve porous fins in magnetic fields.

The integration of the battery storage system and coupling of the cooling and power sector for increased flexibility under the consideration of energy and reserve market

The requirements for ancillary services in energy systems are growing as the amount of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind increases. On the other hand, the system can benefit from extra sources of flexibility thanks to the increased digitalization that enables successful integration of demand response and energy storage. The majority of recent energy system analysis research did not consider the regulation markets. As a result, these investigations preclude the ability to fully evaluate the advantages of energy storage and flexible cooling loads. With the method outlined in this paper, it is possible to compare the two strategies and assess the advantages of energy storage and flexible cooling loads for each strategy. In addition to the energy storage systems, the case study in this paper focuses on flexible cooling loads as a significant consumer in the system. According to the findings, the system's operating costs increased by 19.4% when reserve limitations were placed. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that when flexible assets were permitted to participate in the reserve market, they generated significantly higher incomes. According to the findings, mechanisms that will allow energy storage and demand response to provide reserve capacities as well as the growth of reserve markets are both necessary.

Techno-economic and environmental analysis of utility-scale hybrid renewable energy system integrating waste-to-energy plant to complement an unreliable grid operation

Techno-economic and environmental analysis of utility-scale hybrid renewable energy system integrating waste-to-energy plant to complement an unreliable grid operation

Recent advances in the application of scanning probe microscopy in interfacial electroanalytical chemistry

The electrochemical reaction mainly occurs at the electrode/electrolyte interface in the electrochemical system. For a fundamental insight into the interfacial reaction mechanism, in situ/operando analysis of the interfacial evolution at the microscale is essential. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), noted for its high spatial resolution, real-time imaging, and multifunctional detection, is considered as one of the most important in situ analytical tools for the electrochemical interfaces from the atomic/molecular scale to the nanoscale. This review first introduces the brief principles of typical SPM, such as scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electrochemical microscopy. The applications of in situ SPM in surface and interface analysis for electrochemical energy systems, including electrocatalysts and energy storage batteries, are then presented. In addition, in situ detection of the electric double layer and space charge layer is further discussed. Challenges and future developments in the field are proposed in the outlook.

4E analysis and tri-dimensional optimization of a hybrid energy system based on biogas from the digester and high-efficiency fuel cell: An attempt to reach sustainability with decreased emission and increased efficiency

Scientists and researchers have made numerous efforts to reduce global carbon emissions. One of the greatest methods to reach this goal is using renewable energies, especially benefiting from biomass, because of their higher efficiency and lower GHG emissions. In this regard, this paper represents a fuel cell based on biogas fuel, in which the city sludge is initially treated and then fed to a digester. The gas is cleaned and put into the fuel cell for power generation and heating. The system has superiority over other biogas-fed SOFC schemes over its better installment of subsystems. The system is analyzed from technical and environmental aspects, and parametric sensitivity is carried out. Also, cooling is generated from the waste heat to minimize the effects of environmental pollution. It is exhibited that fuel utilization factor, stack temperature, and gas composition seriously affect system performance. Finally, the optimization is conducted, and the best solution point is found with an effectiveness of 56.2%, emission of 0.021 kg/kWh, and a cost of 0.05472 $/kWh.

Co-optimization method research and comprehensive benefits analysis of regional integrated energy system

The nearly-zero energy community composed of contiguously nearly-zero energy buildings can effectively reduce the operational energy consumption of buildings by adopting appropriate active and passive technologies, which is the main development direction of future buildings. However, there are few studies on the collaborative optimization of nearly-zero energy community supply systems. Therefore, a nonlinear cooperative optimization model of the regional integrated energy system with multi-region energy sharing and multi-energy storage is constructed in this paper. A two-layer collaborative optimization method is proposed, which optimizes the upper layer's renewable energy and energy storage capacity and the operation dispatching in the underlayer. Finally, the overall benefit, typical daily energy scheduling, and the energy sharing and storage impact on renewable energy utilization of the system when it supplies energy to a nearly-zero energy community are studied. The research results show that compared with the isolated integrated energy system, the supply cost, primary energy consumption, carbon emission and interactive power per unit area of the regional integrated energy system are reduced by 3.45 CNY/m2, 3.95 kWh/m2, 1.35 kg/m2 and 1.66 kWh/m2, respectively. In addition, multi-region energy sharing and multi-energy storage can effectively improve the self-consumption/sufficiency ratio of photovoltaic and wind power generation and solar thermal collector heat collection. This study provides a feasible solution for applying nearly-zero energy communities in regional integrated energy systems.

Techno-economic comparative analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems with and without battery energy storage system

ABSTRACT The hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) program was used to explore a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) (Version 3.14.0). Two combinations of HRES have been considered for the community load in Aruthra Nagar, Puducherry, India: i) Solar photovoltaic (PV)/wind/tidal/fuel-cell (with battery energy storage system (BESS)) and ii) PV/wind/tidal/fuel-cell(without BESS). When compared to other existing evolutionary approaches the proposed algorithm, Aquila optimizer (AQ), yields the best results. In addition, statistical analysis using MATLAB/SIMULINK yielded the results of the Friedman Ranking Test that demonstrated the proposed algorithm’s improved performance and robustness as AQ netted the first position in the test’s outcomes. Though the system in case 1 is more cost-effective with net present cost (NPC) (1,16,226.40$) and least levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is (0.3017) as compared to case 2’s NPC (1,26,152$) and LCOE (0.3287), but case 1 is more efficient in terms of power quality as the total harmonic distortion (THD) (0.06%) as compared with case 2 THD (30.31%) which is unacceptable according to IEEE-519 standard, (THD<5%). Hence, case 1 HRES is more viable for producing clean energy with effective storage and better power quality mitigation in order to monitor the whole distribution network.

A hybrid model analysis of digitalization energy system: evidence from China's green energy analysis.

The integration of renewable energy sources can be supported by the digitalization of energy systems, which increase dependability and lower costsof energy production and consumption. However, the energydigitalization supportenergy infrastructures and technologies currently in place are insufficient. This research presented the studyresults by using the generalized least square estimates (GLS) model and the international sample of China regions from 2003 to 2017. Main results of the dynamic fixed effect (DFE) estimator for the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, establishing ES goals for lowering energy consumption and pollution emission fosters a country's renewable energybusiness sector's digital transformation in the short term, while encouraging the use of renewable energy sources fosters a country's long-term digitalization efforts. Based on this, the direct effects and dynamic effects of digitalization and financial development on environmental are explored, respectively, using the panel data regression model and panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. The threshold regression model is then used to examine the two parameters' threshold effects on eco-efficiency. An accurate estimate of the resource consumption in smart factories is made possible by the digital twin that is created using the product's and its attributes as well as manufacturing data.The results suggests the future directions for the associated stakeholders.

EN Thermodynamic analysis of the ethylene reliquefaction system on LEG carriers when replacing throttle devices with ejectors

LEG carriers’ energy efficiency can be increased by improving the boil-off gas (BOG) reliquefaction installation processes in its components. In this study, it is proposed to replace the conventional reliquefaction process (CRP) of a LEG carrier “ANTIKITIRA” actual installation equipped throttle devices with an ejector reliquefaction process (ERP) having two-phase ejectors as expansion devices to increase the energy efficiency of the installation. Expansion devices EV2E and EV2R were replaced with two-phase ejectors in the proposed system. The ejector efficiencies are ensured by additional components (separators and the precooler in the bottoming stage of the cascade). Separators maintain a constant pressure at the compressor inlets, and the precooler reduces the load on the condenser-evaporator. An ejector model has been developed to analyze the proposed system. The design pressure at the ejector nozzle outlet is determined based on multivariate calculations. Energy and exergy analyses of ERP and CRP systems were carried out. According to the exergy analysis results, each component's influence on the energy efficiency of the CRP and ERP systems is estimated. The exergy losses in each ERP component are lower than the corresponding values in the CRP components. The exergy losses in the condenser and precooler of the CRP system are lower than in the ERP system. The total power consumption is the same in both cycles, and the cooling capacity of the ERP cycle has increased by 29.1 kW. Replacement of throttle devices led to a decrease in absolute exergy loss from 9.75 to 4.95 kW. The energy efficiency of the ERP cycle increased by 24%, and the exergy efficiency increased by 16%. The most significant exergy losses in both cycles are observed during compression in a two-stage cargo compressor of the bottoming stage of the cascade (29.0-34.1%). It is concluded that the proposed ERP cycle meets IMO requirements for vessel energy efficiency but requires additional capital investments

Sistem Monitoring dan Analisis Penggunaan Energi Listrik Rumah Berbasis Internet of Things Menggunakan Prophet Algorithm

Electrical energy is one of the necessities of human life, especially in modern society in urban areas. With a monitoring device for electrical energy consumption using IoT technology, the results of the development show that the monitoring system works well, but the results show that current and voltage measurements are still less accurate. Therefore, in this study, an Electrical Energy Analysis and Monitoring System was developed using the IoT-Based Prophet Algorithm. Data collection was obtained from electrical energy using the PZEM-004T module sensor device used at home and the energy data obtained were stored in a MySQL database. This PZEM data retrieval will appear in real-time on the Monitoring Website. The dataset was processed by implementing the Prophet Algorithm, evaluating the model and visualizing the prediction results on the analysis website. Testing using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). For design, this system uses energy data and data retrieval time as parameters in the monitoring system for the use of electrical energy at home. Analysis of data taken from electrical energy monitoring was predicted by the model created by the Prophet Algorithm and tested with MAPE to see how accurate the predicted value is in the Prophet Algorithm model. Predictions in this study get an error value of less than 10%, namely 6.87%, which means it is very accurate in predicting the prophet algorithm at home.

Feasibility Analysis of a Fuel Cell-Based Tri-Generation Energy System Via the Adoption of a Multi-Objective Optimization Tool

Abstract The present paper investigates the feasibility of a tri-generation energy system in an industrial scenario with a modest size in terms of levels of electricity, heat, and cooling consumption. The technology under consideration is the fuel cell technology, both solid oxide fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), compared to other more mature technologies, such as micro gas turbines. The proposed investigation takes into account several scenarios: the existing economy and state-of-the-art technical key performance indicators of the involved energy systems; the state-of-the-art technical key performance indicators of the involved technologies and economic subsidies; and a future scenario that takes into account economies of scale and better performance using the key metrics for fuel cell technology forecasted as 2030 target at European level. The PEMFCs with lithium-ion storage showed total efficiencies in the order of 75% over three reference periods. In terms of emissions, they guarantee a decrease in carbon dioxide equivalent released into the atmosphere equal to 40% of the reference emissions for a separate generation.

Thermal reality capturing with the Microsoft HoloLens 2 for energy system analysis

Using digital methods to analyze the often highly complex structures of technical building equipment (TBE) holds great potential for identifying energy savings. For digitizing TBE, we evaluated the Microsoft HoloLens 2 (MHL2), since it promises to be a mobile and cost-effective solution and found that the MHL2 can be a suitable instrument for as-built acquisition, depending on the use-case’s accuracy requirements. The depth sensor of the MHL2 operates in a low single-digit centimeter accuracy range, while the position tracking inaccuracy is more significant. Furthermore, we extended the acquisition system with an external thermal camera to generate both, RGB and thermal point clouds. Additionally, we built a custom 3D calibration setup that allows us to calibrate both cameras in parallel and achieve promising accuracies for the level of detail of the resulting RGB and thermal point clouds and thus for the energy system analysis approach.

Analysis of the nuclear energy systems as an alternative propulsion system option on commercial marine vessels by utilizing the SWOT-AHP method

The utilization of alternative fuels such as LNG, methanol, hydrogen, ammonia, and nuclear energy on marine vessels is quite critical to cope with the challenging air pollution regulations set by IMO and to realize global de-carbonization strategies. Nuclear energy has come to the fore with high and sustainable energy density as well as a carbon-free feature among the other potential alternative maritime fuels. Nuclear energy has been used successfully for icebreakers, submarines, and naval vessels up to now and it has been researched for commercial ships, despite a few unsuccessful projects because nuclear energy brings certain difficulties during its utilization, especially in commercial ships. That’s why a SWOT analysis has been performed to determine all internal and external factors on the utilization of nuclear energy in commercial ships as a maritime fuel. The SWOT factors and sub-factors have been established with the aid of comparable energy studies in the literature and maritime sector reports. Twelve marine experts with an average of 12.8 years of experience have participated in a survey to determine the priority weight of each main and sub-factors. Opportunity and strength aspects have the highest weight with 0.362 and 0.302 respectively. On the other hand, threats have a substantial amount of weight with 0.212. Being eco-friendly, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, and preventing fuel fluctuations constitute the three most prominent features among the sub-factors. However, safety and security challenges, which are 4th place among the sub-factors, should be eliminated as much as possible for successful applications of nuclear energy. Experience gathered from past and existing nuclear-powered marine vessels will have been beneficial to overcome difficulties in the utilization of nuclear energy in commercialships.

Modeling for policy and technology assessment: Challenges from computerbased simulations and artificial intelligence

Modeling for policy has become an integral part of policy making and technology assessment. This became particularly evident to the general public when, during the COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts of infection dynamics based on computer simulations were used to evaluate and justify policy containment measures. Computer models are also playing an increasing role in technology assessment (TA). Computer simulations are used to explore possible futures related to specific technologies, for example, in the area of energy systems analysis. Artificial intelligence (AI) models are also becoming increasingly important. The results is a mix of methods where computer simulations and machine learning converge, posing particular challenges and opening up new research questions. This Special topic brings together case studies from different fields to explore the current state of computational models in general and AI methods in particular for policy and TA.

Modeling for policy: Challenges for technology assessment from new prognostic methods

Modeling for policy has become an integral part of policy making and technology assessment. This became particularly evident to the general public when, during the COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts of infection dynamics based on computer simulations were used to evaluate and justify policy containment measures. Computer models are also playing an increasing role in technology assessment (TA). Computer simulations are used to explore possible futures related to specific technologies, for example, in the area of energy systems analysis. Artificial intelligence (AI) models are also becoming increasingly important. The results is a mix of methods where computer simulations and machine learning converge, posing particular challenges and opening up new research questions. This Special topic brings together case studies from different fields to explore the current state of computational models in general and AI methods in particular for policy and TA.

EUBUCCO v0.1: European building stock characteristics in a common and open database for 200+ million individual buildings

Building stock management is becoming a global societal and political issue, inter alia because of growing sustainability concerns. Comprehensive and openly accessible building stock data can enable impactful research exploring the most effective policy options. In Europe, efforts from citizen and governments generated numerous relevant datasets but these are fragmented and heterogeneous, thus hindering their usability. Here, we present eubucco v0.1, a database of individual building footprints for ~202 million buildings across the 27 European Union countries and Switzerland. Three main attributes – building height, construction year and type – are included for respectively 73%, 24% and 46% of the buildings. We identify, collect and harmonize 50 open government datasets and OpenStreetMap, and perform extensive validation analyses to assess the quality, consistency and completeness of the data in every country. eubucco v0.1 provides the basis for high-resolution urban sustainability studies across scales – continental, comparative or local studies – using a centralized source and is relevant for a variety of use cases, e.g., for energy system analysis or natural hazard risk assessments.

Concomitant strategy of wastewater treatment and biodiesel production using innate yeast cell (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) from food industry sewerage and its energy system analysis

In many recent studies, the wastewater with high organic matter and high utilization value compounds was treated using yeast. It decreases the effluent contaminants and makes it applicable for reuse in many food industries. This present study focuses on the combined approach of treatment and biorefinery to increase the circular economy in food industries. The two primary goals of the work were to screen the potential oleaginous yeast from the food industry effluent (FIE) collected from the food flavourant producing industry and used for FIE remediation through bioaugmentation and to extract microbial oil of yeast biomass harvested after remediation. Further, the extracted microbial oil was trans-esterified to produce biodiesel. The process of transesterification was optimized for its influencing parameters. After 10 days of treatment of FIE with the yeast cell, the treatment efficiency was analyzed and found to be precise with the typical discharge value. The overall lipid content of the oleaginous yeast (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa SML) used for the FIE treatment was 67.95 w/w% of dry cell biomass. The extracted microbial oil was used for transesterification; the process was optimized through the one-variable analysis approach and response surface methodology optimization using a central composite design. The transesterification process showed maximum conversion (98%) at oil to methanol ratio - 5.0, catalyst concentration - 2.8% and time - 1.15 h. The fatty acid composition and the physicochemical characteristics were compatible with petroleum diesel, making it applicable for alternative biofuel production. Thus, this concomitant strategy has proved efficient for reducing contaminants in FIE and suggested a new sustainable source for biodiesel production. The exergy, energy and mass balance analysis of the biodiesel conversion process proved that this process is the most economically viable one to increase the circular economy of food industries.