Analysis Of Energy Systems Research Articles

Analysis of Extreme Random Uncertainty in Energy and Environment Systems for Coal-Dependent City by a Copula-Based Interval Cost–Benefit Stochastic Approach

Extreme random events will interfere with the inversion analysis of energy and environment systems (EES) and make the planning schemes unreliable. A Copula-based interval cost–benefit stochastic programming (CICS) is proposed to deal with extreme random uncertainties. Taking Yulin city as an example, there are nine constraint-violation scenarios and six coal-reduction scenarios are designed. The results disclose that (i) both system cost and pollutant emission would decrease as the industrial energy supply constraint-violation level increases; (ii) when the primary and secondary energy output increases by 9% and 13%, respectively, and industrial coal supply decreases by 40%, the coal-dependent index of the system would be the lowest, and the corresponding system profitability could reach [29.3, 53.0] %; (iii) compared with the traditional chance-constrained programming, Copula-based stochastic programming can reflect more uncertain information and achieve a higher marginal net present value rate. Overall, the CICS-EES model offers a novel approach to gain insight into the tradeoff between system reliability and profitability.

Analysis of Energy Systems in Europe: The Case of Wind Energy in Spain

The world energy demand is increased each year so it is important to analyze how this demand is covered. As a consequence, it is imperative to accommodate the different frameworks to make that happen. Wind energy has proved itself as a generation source in which countries can rely on, so to simultaneously solve the dilemma of this type of generation resources, technology and policy-, the renewable energy sector should be studied. The aim of this work is to analyse situation of wind energy in one of the main countries in the European Union within this type of generation: Spain. A brief analysis of the current situation is made, accounting the importance of wind energy in the electric generation and future plans. Moreover, the evolution of the legislative frameworks is studied with the aim of figuring out if there is a relation between them and the changes in the annual installed powe concluded that Spain has an extraordinary renewable resource but planning, predictability and legal framework are needed to achieve a more sustainable energy model

Optimal selection and analysis of microgrid energy system using Markov process

This study investigated the reliability of a microgrid (MG) energy system using the Markov process reliability method. Twenty possible MG configurations based on photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine generator (WTG), biomass generator (BMG), battery bank (BB), diesel generator (DG) and an electric vehicle (EVs) have been considered. This study also selects an optimal configuration based on reliability indices (failure rate, repair time, unavailability, expected energy not supplied (EENS) and loss of load probability (LOLP)), annually load demand, availability of the system and its components. The results show that the hybrid PV/WTG/BMG/BB/EVs/DG microgrid system has the lowest system failure rate (0.01012 /year), repair time (1.1858 hrs), unavailability (0.0120 hrs/year), EENS (4.5 kWh/year) and LOLP (1.36986E-06 /year). This MG configuration has an availability of 99%. The PV array (97.55%) and the changeover switch (99.5%) are the parts of the MG system that are the most reliable. The least stable elements of an MG system are battery (63.64%), diesel generator (80%) and biomass generator (83.89%). PV (62%) and WTG (28% of total) are the main contributors to electricity generation, with the battery, electric vehicles, and diesel generator acting as backup sources. Under different weather and load conditions, the hybrid PV/WTG/BMG/EVs/BB/DG microgrid was found to be a reliable and efficient system for remote areas. This research carries a significant impact for policymakers, government, energy planners, and researchers working on stand-alone microgrid systems as it provides valuable insights into optimizing system configuration for reliability and efficiency.

The Path to a Sustainable Energy Europe: An Analysis of the Transition from Fossil Fuels to Renewable Energy

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the application of predictive analytics techniques in the energy field and to identify strategies to stimulate renewable energy production. The analysis begins by examining four key indicators: renewable energy, gas price, gas consumption and renewable energy consumption through a detailed descriptive analysis. Visual graphs are built to get an overview of the evolution of the energy sector in the period 2011-2020 with the help of Tableau software. The analysis is supported by the use of the Random Forest algorithm as a prediction model, considering critical indicators such as gas price, gas consumption and renewable energy consumption. The prediction results provide insight into anticipating changes in renewable energy production in the European countries studied. At the same time, the study highlights the current situation of renewable energy in Europe and identifies the necessary measures for its sustainable development through the analysis of specialized literature. It also examines the way in which big data management, facilitated by technologies such as smart meters and drone sensors, can help improve the energy sector. This research offers valuable results, providing insights into the evolution of renewable and fossil energy, as well as a detailed comparison of renewable energy, gas prices, gas consumption and trends in renewable energy consumption. By integrating predictive analytics techniques, data management and renewable energy-specific indicators, this study makes an innovative contribution to energy systems analysis. Its focus on European countries contributes to the understanding of the growth potential of renewable energy generation in this region.

A Network Modeling Systematics for Transition Paths Toward Climate Neutral Gas Networks—NeMoSys ['nεmɒsis] –

Meaningful network modeling requires high spatial and temporal resolution and thus adds further complexity to the already complex energy systems analyses; unsecured and varying framework conditions, as well as their changes over time, have to be taken into consideration on the backdrop of path‐dependencies for network development over time. This perspectives article provides a systematic framework for gas network modeling, starting with a morphology of modeling dimensions and elements and the hierarchy of influencing factors. It gives an overview on the necessary data and attributes, development steps, and assessment criteria; it showcases solutions for data management, fluid dynamic network simulation, and results assessment that have been applied and developed in the course of the TransHyDE project and other related research projects. Framework and solutions are merged into a consolidated network modeling systematics that shall be further developed and made available to researchers as well as to network planners for practical application and governmental bodies for assessments. The systematics presented here will be further developed, applied, and operationalized in a database and tool compilation with open‐access for collaboration and further development.

Energy, exergy, environment and techno-economic analysis of hybrid solar-biomass systems for space heating and hot water supply: Case study of a Hammam building

The main goal of this study is to assess the thermodynamic performance, environmental benefits and economic feasibility of using a new hybrid solar-biomass system (HSBS) for the production of domestic hot water at 60 °C and for the provision of space heating via an underfloor heating system in a Hammam building located in Marrakesh-Morocco. The HSBSs consists of small biomass pellet boilers in combination with three types of solar thermal systems (evacuated tube, flat plate and parabolic trough collectors). A TRNSYS simulation model of a biomass heating system was developed and validated against experimental data. Performance comparisons of the biomass system with various optimal HSBSs were then conducted, and their results evaluated in terms of energy, exergy, environmental, and economic perspectives. Comparisons between various collectors’ technology revealed that the optimum collector areas of 204 m2, 224 m2 and 300 m2 are responsible for the lowest Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH) corresponding to about 0.0755 $/kWh, 0.0696 $/kWh and 0.0642 $/kWh when using PTC, FPC and ETC, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal HSBS with evacuated tube collectors is the most effective configuration with a solar fraction of 57 %, and a total life-cycle saving cost of 0.509 M$ for a total annual heat demand of 533 MWh. Moreover, the total energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated equal to 40 % and 3.9 %, respectively. The payback period is found to be around 4.9 years, the levelized cost of heat 0.0642 $/kWh, while the annual CO2 avoidance amounts to 656 tons.

Hybrid Solar-Hydropower Systems for Green Energy Production: A Comprehensive Analysis

This paper presents a detailed analysis of hybrid energy systems combining solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and hydropower technologies. Focusing on the increasing popularity of Archimedes screw generators for low head sites, we examine the efficiency and environmental benefits of such systems, particularly in reducing greenhouse gas emissions as part of global efforts like the Paris Agreement. We explore the integration of solar and hydropower systems in the context of Brazil’s renewable energy hybridization and discuss the challenges of their stochastic nature on power grid integration. The paper delves into the theoretical foundation, mathematical simulations, and optimization models that enable these hybrid systems to maintain energy and irrigation balance. The paper also investigates the use of photovoltaic-battery energy storage systems in building power supply and the potential of micro-grids featuring an array of renewable energy technologies. Ultimately, we present a novel approach to off-grid hybrid system deployment contributing to sustainable development goals.

Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hydrogen-Based Micro Hydro-Solar Hybrid Energy System for Sustainable Energy Access: A Case Study in Sri Aman, Sarawak

Several rural areas in Sarawak do not have access to electricity. In Sarawak, most investigations prioritize conventional sources despite the emergence of technology such as fuel cells. Furthermore, diversified investigations on stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems in Sarawak are lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the feasibility of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system for rural applications in Sarawak, with a specific focus on the potential benefits of incorporating hydrogen. Different configurations, namely A: Photovoltaic, hydrogen, micro-hydro, B: hydrogen, micro-hydro, C: micro-hydro, D: photovoltaic, and micro-hydro was explored, each with its results, and comparisons were performed between them. By analyzing the system under various load patterns and conducting a sensitivity analysis, the researchers found that scenario A was the most cost-effective and reliable option for a longhouse in Sri Aman, with a net present cost of $148,687, cost of energy of $0.19/kWh, and initial capital of $107,207. Simultaneously, scenario A has the highest annual generating capacity of up to 116521kWh annually. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the electrolyzer could impact the cost of the system. The electrolyzer is the third and second most expensive in scenarios A and B. This research demonstrates the potential of alternative energy sources to improve access to electricity in rural areas. It highlights the importance of continued exploration into emerging technologies to ensure everyone can access safe and reliable electricity.

Optimal Design and Performance Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Ensuring Uninterrupted Power Supply During Load Shedding

Optimal Design and Performance Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Ensuring Uninterrupted Power Supply During Load Shedding

Performance analysis of the comprehensive energy system based on active energy storage-discharge technology under time-sharing electricity price operation strategy

Multi-energy complementary comprehensive energy systems based on renewable energy can reliably meet the energy needs of communities and significantly mitigate carbon emissions. This is of paramount significance in the establishment of low-carbon sustainable communities. The effective operation of an integrated energy system necessitates a thorough examination of demand-side load, the dynamic performance of the energy supply system, the configuration of energy storage systems, local electricity pricing policies, and operational or control strategies for the system. It confronts substantial challenges in practical application. Considering the noteworthy performance variations of comprehensive energy systems under diverse demand-side load, fluctuating electricity prices, and various operating modes of energy storage equipment, this paper initially conducts a practical analysis of demand-side load. A comprehensive energy system with multi-energy complementary based on source-load-storage coordination (SLS-CES) model was constructed. From the perspective of system operation strategy, we identify the current electricity consumption pattern in the region, characterized by peak and valley periods. We integrate this information with the time-of-use electricity pricing policy and the equipment within the target area. An operation strategy based on local time-of-use electricity price policy was proposed. An in-depth analysis of the thermal performance, environmental performance, and economic performance of the system in the full-year dimension and typical daily dimension under this operating strategy was conducted. The results show that under this operation strategy, the system's annual net income is 415.90 thousand yuan, of which the system's energy storage battery power supply revenue during peak period reaches 254.40 thousand yuan. The initial investment is 5.03 million yuan, and the static investment payback period is 12.09 years. The annual primary energy saving rate of the system is 36.00%, and the maximum CO2 emission reduction rate is 72.23%. The maximum primary energy saving rates on typical days in winter and typical days in summer are 74.74% and 97.14% respectively. The total annual CO2 emissions were reduced by 5.47 tons and 4.54 tons respectively. Through this study, we found that a system incorporating energy storage equipment, combined with an operation strategy based on electricity price policy, can yield additional economic benefits. This approach helps alleviate peak power supply pressure on the grid and mitigates the challenges associated with the high initial investment in renewable energy systems, all while maintaining good thermal performance and environmental benefits.

Energy and economic analysis of flue gas heat recovery systems improving the energy efficiency of gas cogeneration units

This paper presents the results of energy and economic analyses of a gas-fired CHP plant. The analyses were carried out for three variants of technical solutions to improve the thermal efficiency of the CHP plant. The fuel combustion process involves the generation of a large amount of heat. In addition, the heat is dissipated to the surroundings through the exhaust gas with a high temperature of 300÷350 °C. Therefore, to limit heat loss, a heat recovery system is used, which removes heat from the engine body and from the hot exhaust gases through a heat exchanger, allowing the exhaust gases to be cooled to a temperature of 100÷120 °C. In addition, heat is recovered from the oil cooling process and intercoolers. The recovered heat is usually supplied to the heating water in the district heating network. For the calculations, the temperature distribution of the return water from the district heating network during the year was assumed. First, the benefits of adding an additional economizer to pre-heat district heating water were analysed, Next, a heat recovery system was simulated to cool the flue gases to lower temperatures using an absorption heat pump or a compressor heat pump.

Energy Intelligent Control and Energy Saving System for Computer Room Based on Artificial Intelligence

In order to understand the energy intelligent control energy-saving system in computer rooms, the author proposes a research on an artificial intelligence based energy intelligent control energy-saving system in computer rooms. The author first analyzed the energy monitoring and analysis system of artificial intelligence in computer rooms. Based on the existing energy consumption data resources of computer rooms, through monitoring and scientific analysis of various aspects of energy consumption data in computer rooms, it provides decision-making support for managers to better formulate energy-saving measures. The system functions are divided into four sub modules: energy consumption environment monitoring, energy consumption behavior analysis, energy-saving renovation suggestions, and energy-saving effect evaluation; We designed an energy consumption anomaly detection method using the GESD algorithm and implemented a B/S architecture using the SSH framework. Finally, in terms of data display, we utilized two technologies: Extjs and BIRT reports, and used POI to export energy consumption data files in Excel format. Practical applications have shown that the system provides assistance for managers to develop energy-saving and emission reduction measures.

Risk Analysis of Energy Systems Integrated With Renewable Energy Resources

Risk Analysis of Energy Systems Integrated With Renewable Energy Resources

Design and Analysis of Horizontal Axis Small Wind Turbine for Low Wind Velocity Using QBlade

Renewable energy systems are of high importance considering the present day energy requirement. In Wind energy systems design and analysis of wind turbines for enhanced efficiency at low at wind speed is studied in this paper. Aero foil shape is the one of the key aspects which determines the efficiency of the turbine. In this paper airfoil G4510, NACA 0018 and NACA 4412 are considered for the study with a blade length of 0.762 m. General Public Licensed Software QBlade is used for the simulation which uses Blade Element Method (BEM). Comparison of performance parameters for different aero foil is presented and blade is designed using G4510 airfoil nomenclature. Using these blades, a three bladed rotor is assembled and structural analysis is performed to know the pressure distribution on different areas of the blade. Finally, a tower is attached to the rotor assembly and simulation is carried on the small wind turbine. Graphical relationship between power, tip speed ratio, velocity and coefficient of pressure is obtained for analysis.

Enhanced Solar Tracking System Using Internet of Things Technology

Solar energy has grown in popularity in recent years. Conventional solar panels cannot provide enough energy to meet consumer demand. Therefore, more solar panels are needed to meet consumer demand. The Internet of Things (IoT) Solar Tracker maximises solar energy collecting by connecting the physical and digital worlds. This study integrates IoT to improve solar tracker performance. Blynk uses the NodeMCU ESP8266 control unit to monitor voltage, current, and power usage. This research uses the Arduino IDE, a photoresistor sensor, and a current sensor, INA219. This work advances solar energy efficiency. By comparing solar panel electrical qualities in different environments, this research succeeded. To assess solar panel efficiency, 5 V and 12 V fans were used as loads. The results demonstrated that load configuration deliberately influences power and energy production. Solar panels produced greater power and energy under 12 V fan loads than 5 V loads. This observation assists solar energy system analysis and design. Second, the IoT solar tracker was tested for electricity harvesting. The solar tracker harvested more solar energy than a fixed orientation. After tracking the sun, it enhances voltage, current, power, and energy by 30%. Web dashboards and smartphone apps allow real-time IoT device monitoring and control. The interactive web dashboard displayed solar panel data. Track electrical properties and sunshine intensity. IoT devices influence solar tracker decisions and promote sustainable energy.Keywords: IoT solar tracker, Blynk application, NodeMCU ESP8266

Available Energy Analysis of Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Hybrid Energy System

The issue of energy and power systems is the main challenge faced by electric unmanned aerial vehicles for long endurance. Under the power demand conditions of typical mission profiles of electric drones, this paper establishes an energy balance equation between the hybrid energy system power supply of electric drones and the power demand of drones. Considering the impact of operating temperature of each battery on power generation performance, a heat transfer model for solar cells, fuel cells, and lithium batteries was established. The heat transfer process of hybrid energy systems was analyzed. Based on the heat transfer model of hybrid energy systems, the heat transfer changes of solar cells, fuel cells, and lithium batteries were analyzed, and the heat transfer changes of hybrid energy systems were studied. The heat loss changes of each battery subsystem with operating temperature were given. The results show that the hybrid energy system has the best power generation performance at the reference temperature, and changes in operating temperature will cause thermal losses and reduce power generation.

Towards Sustainable Integration: Techno-Economic Analysis and Future Perspectives of Co-Located Wind and Hydrogen Energy Systems

Abstract This article presents a comprehensive study that focuses on the techno-economic analysis of co-located wind and hydrogen energy integration within an integrated energy system (IES). The research investigates four distinct cases, each exploring various configurations of wind farms, electrolyzers, batteries, hydrogen storage tanks, and fuel cells. To obtain optimal results, the study employs a sophisticated mathematical optimization model formulated as a mixed-integer linear program. This model helps determine the most suitable component sizes and hourly energy scheduling patterns. The research utilizes historical meteorological data and wholesale market prices from diverse regions as inputs, enhancing the study’s applicability and relevance across different geographical locations. Moreover, sensitivity analyses are conducted to assess the impact of hydrogen prices, regional wind profiles, and potential future fluctuations in component prices. These analyses provide valuable insights into the robustness and flexibility of the proposed IES configurations under varying market conditions and uncertainties. The findings reveal cost-effective system configurations, strategic component selections, and implications of future energy scenarios. Specifically comparing to configurations that only have wind and battery combinations, we find that incorporating an electrolyzer results in a 7% reduction in the total cost of the IES, and utilizing hydrogen as the storage medium for fuel cells leads to a 26% cost reduction. Additionally, the IES with hybrid hydrogen and battery energy storage achieves even higher and stable power output. This research facilitates decision-making, risk mitigation, and optimized investment strategies, fostering sustainable planning for a resilient and environmentally friendly energy future.

A novel geothermal-PV led energy system analysis on the case of the central American countries Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica

Transitioning to renewables for all purposes in Central America is imperative to mitigating climate change and the impact of COVID-19, reducing fossil fuel imports and enhancing energy security. Research on integrating high shares of renewable energy in the region is still lacking. However, the variability of renewable energy is often raised as a concern. In this context, we present a novel solar PV-geothermal led energy system analysis for the case of Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica, using the LUT Energy System Transition Model for detailed pathway analyses linked to state-of-the-art resource data. This study contributes to the value of hybrid solutions based on geothermal energy and solar PV as the centerpiece of overall supply applied to the energy transition discussion in these countries, which requires further research in countries or regions with similar climatic and resource conditions. We find that complementarity between solar PV and geothermal could be cost-competitive with improved system stability, where the need for battery storage decreases thanks to dispatchable geothermal power. The results illustrate the advantage of a fully renewable energy system, sector coupling, and high electrification rates as the most cost-efficient pathway by 2050. A new perspective is provided and is relevant for energy planners and policymakers in the region and globally.

Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy System for Rural Electrification for the Hasik Area, Oman

Renewable energy resources have become the best way to solve the issues created by traditional power resources in terms of environmental effects, energy cost reduction, and high-power demand. The hybrid-based system gives a realistic economic solution where grid extension is non-feasible especially for remote areas. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimum size of a hybrid-based system to fulfill the requirements of remote sites located in the Hasik area in the southern part of Oman. The work is carried out using HOMER Pro and MATLAB software. The proposed hybrid system in the Hasik network is a combination of PV systems with existing diesel generation. Real load data as well as solar radiations were utilized in the proposed model. HOMER selected an optimum solution for the hybrid system resulting in a combination of a 2,500 kW PV system and 3,100 kW diesel generation as well as providing a reduction in the cost of energy and CO2 emissions by 13% and 22%, respectively. The optimum PV sizing for the hybrid system was determined using a genetic algorithm tool in MATLAB. The optimization was based on reducing the system power losses, improving the voltage profile, and minimizing cost. Optimization verification was done using load flow analysis by MATLAB to determine the PV sizing effects on the system power losses and voltage profile. Based on the model results, the hybrid system is feasible in the Hasik area.

4-E analysis and multiple objective optimizations of a novel solar-powered cogeneration energy system for the simultaneous production of electrical power and heating

Owing to its natural and rich advantages, exploration of solar energy technology has become increasingly popular in recent years to counter the growing crude oil prices. However, its universal adoption is still limited, not only due to environmental restrictions but also due to lower overall efficiency. Rankine cycle is optimised to conduct 4-E (Exergy, Energy, Economic and Ecological) analysis. Furthermore, three sets (R-113, R-11, and R-1233zd) of refrigerants are prioritised and ranked on the basis of 4-E analysis as outcomes. The contemporary study addressed all critical factors and explains the impact of solar irradiance, mass flow rate of molten salt and steam, turbine inlet pressure, and turbine inlet temperature which are eventually weighed and prioritised using combined multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques. The energy efficiency, exergetic efficiency, power/ cost of electricity, and ecological emissions are taken as the indicators of the combined cycle, respectively. The energy efficiency of the hybrid system is improved to 75.07% after including cogeneration cycle, with an increment of 54.58%. In comparison to conventional thermal powerplant setups, the power/cost of electricity and ecological efficiency have been reduced by 68% and upgraded by 16%, correspondingly. Direct normal radiation is the most critical factor followed by turbine inlet temperature. Further, the result indicates that maximum exergy destruction that occurs in the central receiver declines to 39.92%, followed by heliostat and steam turbine which was 27% and 9.32% respectively. In conclusion, the hybrid cycle can furnish cheaper electricity, with lower carbon imprint in sustainable manner with better efficiency.