Energy Solutions Research Articles

Speculative investigation of performance & combustion of waste plastic oil blended with diesel as an alternate fuel in single cylinder diesel engine employing is: 10000 standards

In contemporary times, plastic waste recycling has emerged as a crucial trend, presenting significant potential for plastic reformulation and recyclability. Waste plastic, owing to its high calorific value and abundance, serves as a promising energy source. Through the pyrolysis process, plastic waste can be converted into pyrolysis oil, which exhibits properties akin to conventional diesel fuel and can be seamlessly integrated into engines. This study investigates the synthesis of waste plastic oil (WPO) via pyrolysis using a diverse feedstock comprising various types and grades of plastic. The resulting oil, resembling diesel in characteristics, is evaluated for its performance in a compression ignition (CI) engine equipped with a variable compression ratio.Experimental tests are conducted using blends of WPO and diesel ranging from 0% to 100%, across different engine loads spanning from partial to full load conditions (2 kg to 12 kg). The combustion characteristics, engine performance metrics, and emission profiles are meticulously analyzed and compared against those of conventional diesel fuel. The findings indicate that the engine exhibits comparable performance with WPO at higher loads, akin to that with diesel. However, at lower loads, an extended delay period is observed, contributing to engine stabilization.These results underscore the potential of renewable plastic oil as a viable alternative fuel for diesel engine applications, particularly under specific operating conditions. The study provides valuable insights into the feasibility and performance implications of integrating waste plastic oil into compression ignition engines, contributing to the ongoing discourse on sustainable energy solutions and waste management practices.

Mapping Kinetic Energy Hotspots in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Using Surface Current Derived by Geodetic Observations and Data Assimilation

Harnessing ocean kinetic energy has emerged as a promising renewable energy solution in recent years. However, identifying optimal locations for extracting this energy remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel scheme to estimate the total surface current (TSC) as permanent surface current by integrating geodetic data and in-situ measurements. The TSC is typically a combination of the geostrophic current, derived from dynamic topography, and the Ekman current. We utilize NOAA’s Ekman current data to complement the geostrophic current and obtain the TSC. To further enhance the accuracy of the TSC estimates, we employ a 3DVAR data assimilation method, incorporating local current meter observations. The results are verified against two control current meter stations. The data-assimilation process resulted in an improvement of 4 to 15 cm/s in the precision of calculated TSC. Using the assimilated TSC data, we then assess the kinetic energy potential and identify six regions with the most significant promise for marine kinetic energy extraction. This innovative approach can assist researchers and policymakers in targeting the most suitable locations for harnessing renewable ocean energy.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Financing and Renewable Energy Research for 2000-2023

This bibliometric analysis examines the research on green financing and renewable energy from 2000 to 2023. ​The study analyses the publication trends, most productive countries and institutions, frequently occurring concepts, and active and cited authors in this field. The findings reveal a significant increase in publications on green financing and renewable energy in recent years which highlights the increasing interest and investment in these fields, with China being the most productive country. The analysis of keywords highlights the focus on renewable energy, sustainability, and climate change. ​ The study also identifies the most active and cited authors, as well as the top journals in this research area. Overall, the analysis underscores the growing interest and importance of green financing and renewable energy in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development. ​The analysis presents future opportunities for research in the areas of green financing and renewable energy, as well as the development of sustainable finance and renewable energy solutions.

Waste-recovered quaternary blends: Enhancing engine performance through hydrogen induction by varied injection timing and pressure for sustainable practices

This study explores sustainable energy solutions by utilizing waste-recovered quaternary blends of Scenedesmus obliquus, waste plastics, n-octanol, and hydrogen induction to enhance engine performance. This research aims to address this imperative by proposing a novel blend that not only repurposes waste materials but also leverages hydrogen induction to augment the combustion characteristics of a single cylinder Kirloskar engine's injection timing and injection pressure. The waste plastic is recovered by the pyrolysis method and Scenedesmus obliquus by the transesterification process. The study revealed that out of all the blends, the fuel at 23° before Top Dead Center (bTDC) and 210 bar outperformed all blends with 1.99% better brake thermal efficiency than diesel. The lowest brake specific energy consumption observed was 10.753.35 MJ/kW-hr at 23° bTDC and 240 bar injection pressure, which was 160.38 kJ/kW-hr higher than diesel. Fuel Injection Timing at 23° bTDC at 170 bar shows a 42 ppm decrease for Scenedesmus Obliquus Waste Plastic Octanol 50% (SOWPOCT50) mix compared to diesel. At fuel injection timing (FIT) timing, 23° bTDC and a pressure of 240 bar Injection Pressure (IP), the SOWPOCT50 mixture lowered 0.097 g/h Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentration to diesel. This enormous increase in efficiency and reduction in emission paved a potential replacement source for neat diesel towards the Sustainable Development Goals.

Optimizing sustainable energy integration: A novel approach using concentrated solar plant and hybrid power supply

This study pioneers sustainable energy solutions amidst escalating demand and fossil fuel depletion. Its primary novelty lies in proposing an integrated energy system, encompassing a concentrated solar plant, thermal energy system, and hybrid power supply within the solar energy domain. This integration substantially enhances overall system performance. The architectural design integrates various energy conversion components, including wind turbines, energy storage devices, and electric heaters, fostering synergistic collaboration. The optimization of energy usage is a key focus, utilizing heating and electricity costs as pivotal signals for participation in an Integrated Demand Response program (IRD). The demand response model, encompassing both thermal and electric loads, incorporates a sophisticated price elasticity matrix. Addressing challenges associated with renewable energy intermittency, phased carbon emissions, and the advantages of demand response, this study introduces an advanced system operation optimization model to effectively curtail operational costs. In the realm of methodology, this research breaks new ground by proposing an enhanced optimization algorithm that ingeniously combines the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with the Wavelet Transform (WT). This novel amalgamation significantly enhances the algorithm's search capabilities, providing superior performance in tackling the complexities inherent in the optimization problem. The proposed model undergoes rigorous evaluation in a comprehensive study featuring diverse energy sources and multiple scenarios. The outcomes of this evaluation distinctly showcase substantial reductions in overall operational costs compared to conventional approaches. This multifaceted contribution positions the study at the forefront of endeavors to revolutionize energy systems for enhanced sustainability and efficiency.

Unlocking the potential of rice husk pyrolysis oil: Dual production of high-energy solid fuel and Fe²⁺ detecting carbon nanodots for environmental application

The urgent need for sustainable energy solutions and environmental monitoring necessitates innovative approaches to biomass utilization. This study explores unlocking the potential of rice husk pyrolysis oil for dual applications: producing high-energy solid fuel and environmentally sensitive carbon nanodots (B-CDs). Slow pyrolysis of rice husk oil, followed by atmospheric distillation, transforms the oil into bio-coal with a high calorific value of 29.85 MJ/kg, significant aliphatic and aromatic carbon content, lowest ash content, and abundant oxygen functional groups, making it a viable fossil fuel alternative. Further, oxidative crystalline cutting and surface modification of this bio-coal yield B-CDs that exhibit blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 41 %, an average size of 3.4 nm, and excellent photostability and hydrophilicity. Notably, these B-CDs are self-doped with nitrogen on their surface, enhancing their functionality. They demonstrate high sensitivity for Fe²⁺ detection, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 μM over a linear range of 0–100 μM, and a strong response to alkaline conditions. Validation experiments in tap and seawater samples confirmed the practical environmental applications of B-CDs. This study not only contributes to the advancement of pyrolysis oil as a source of fuel energy but also emphasizes the production of valuable carbon nanomaterials for environmental application.

Unveiling the shadows: a qualitative exploration of barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption in residential sectors

Abstract In the face of global climate change, the urgent shift towards renewable energy sources such as solar power is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering a sustainable future, presenting a universal challenge and opportunity for energy policy worldwide. India’s adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic is pivotal due to its vast solar potential, which aligns with national goals to increase renewable energy capacity, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve energy security. Kerala’s geographical location offers abundant solar potential, making it a prime candidate for the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems. Coupled with the state’s strong commitment to renewable energy initiatives such as the ambitious “SOURA” (solar subsidy program by the Kerala State Electricity Board) project and various incentives for solar adoption, Kerala stands at the forefront of India’s transition towards sustainable energy solutions. Understanding the barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption in Kerala is crucial for tailoring effective policies and strategies that address specific hindrances from economic constraints to informational gaps. This study employs a qualitative research method to identify the barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption among households in Kerala. Through face-to-face interviews with a purposively selected sample of 52 households, the research aims to gain in-depth insights into the multifaceted challenges hindering the widespread adoption of solar energy in residential settings. The findings reveal several key barriers: financial barriers, informational barriers, technical barriers, regulatory barriers, social barriers, and psychological barriers. Sentiment analysis indicates that while there is a predominantly positive attitude towards solar photovoltaic adoption, there are significant concerns that still need to be addressed. Addressing these barriers with targeted policy interventions and public awareness campaigns could significantly enhance the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems in Kerala.

Advancing mineral-energy nexus for development (MEND) in Africa: A case study of Chinese lithium mining project in Zimbabwe

Providing sustainable energy solutions for critical mineral investments presents significant challenges, particularly in the context of resource-rich but energy-poor countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We developed an analytical framework to understand the role of the mineral-energy nexus in delivering developmental co-benefits (MEND). We identified four criteria of developmental co-benefits, namely (1) local electrification, (2) climate mitigation (via renewable energy technologies), (3) enhanced ‘last mile’ power infrastructures, and (4) re-distributive revenues for power sector reforms. By applying this framework to a case study of Chinese lithium mining investment in Zimbabwe, we illustrated the innovative potentials of the investors on the ground, the urgent need to nurture collaborative networks and risk-sharing mechanisms for local electrification, and the lack of regulatory and financial support for the investments on mineral-energy nexus.

Enhancing sustainability in palm oil industry: reinforcement learning for renewable energy management considered climatic variability

Energy sources are critical in the industrial sector, particularly as population growth intensifies the pressure on industries to scale up production to meet increasing demands. Integrating renewable energy sources such as biomass, biogas, and photovoltaic systems in the palm oil production process can be considered a pivotal strategy for mitigating carbon emissions. However, load fluctuations due to mill size and insufficient supply of biogas and photovoltaic are significant challenges in energy management for the palm oil industry. Adopting renewable energy solutions is hindered by process disturbances and climatic variability caused by weather, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation. These factors pose constraints on the implementation of renewable energy solutions. Therefore, this study aims to fill the gap in terms of renewable energy management within the palm oil industry by applying reinforcement learning to achieve effective energy management and reduce carbon emissions under five climatic scenarios. The result shows that reinforcement learning effectively combines renewable energy sources to generate electricity and steam while efficiently managing energy storage without exceeding predefined levels. Additionally, deploying a photovoltaic system contributes to energy savings from biomass and biogas of 2.9% and reduces average daily carbon dioxide emissions by 3137 kg. The proposed method has proved beneficial across all climate scenarios for energy savings and emission reduction.

Incorporating Radioactive Decay Batteries into the USA's Energy Grid: Solutions for Winter Power Challenges

This paper explores the integration of radioactive decay batteries into the USA's energy grid as a strategic solution for addressing winter power challenges. Radioactive decay batteries, leveraging isotopes such as tritium or americium-241, offer significant advantages over traditional fission and fusion-based nuclear batteries. Their design inherently ensures enhanced durability, providing long-lasting energy outputs that can span several decades with minimal maintenance. Unlike conventional nuclear reactors, these batteries operate safely outside a reactor environment, significantly reducing the risks associated with nuclear power generation. This operational safety is further augmented by the relatively low radiation levels they emit, making them viable for diverse applications, including residential, commercial, and remote off-grid systems. The implementation of these batteries promises a stable and reliable energy supply during winter months when energy demands peak, mitigating the risk of power outages and enhancing the resilience of the energy grid. This study examines the potential deployment strategies, technical feasibility, and regulatory considerations necessary to incorporate radioactive decay batteries effectively into the USA's energy infrastructure, positioning them as a transformative technology for sustainable and reliable winter energy solutions.

Significance of well placement and degree of hydrate reserve recovery for synergistic CH4 recovery and CO2 storage in marine heterogeneous hydrate-bearing sediments

The synergistic CH4 recovery and CO2 storage in marine natural gas hydrate reservoirs presents an emerging strategic solution for energy and environment challenges, yet the efficiency requires innovative engineering designs to enhance. In this study, a water-saturated CH4 hydrate-bearing sediment (HBS, V = 22 L, T = 284 K, and P = 11.2 MPa) was synthesized to investigate the pilot-scale combined processes of CH4 recovery by depressurization followed by CO2 storage through CO2/N2 injection. The synthesized HBS exhibited vertical heterogeneity with higher hydrate saturation observed in the upper sediment and a decreasing saturation trend in the lower sediment. The effect of well placement designs on CH4 recovery and hydrate restoration by mixed CH4/CO2/N2 hydrate (Mix-H) formation was investigated, considering two scenarios: upper well for recovery while lower well for injection (URLI), and lower well for recovery while upper well for injection (LRUI). Additionally, the impact of the degree of hydrate reserve recovery (100% and 80% hydrate dissociated) on subsequent Mix-H formation was also studied. Results indicate that the URLI setting achieves a higher CH4 recovery ratio and rate during depressurization compared to the LRUI setting which encounters low-T shielding. The T variation between upper and lower sediment highlights the influence of heterogeneity on fluid behaviors. Halting the CH4 recovery after 80% hydrate dissociation results in a halved recovery time and water production. During later CO2/N2 injection and Mix-H formation process, the LRUI setting achieves a 13–54% higher Mix-H saturation and a 33–56% higher CO2 hydrate encapsulation than the URLI setting. Moreover, 80% dissociation proves more favorable for Mix-H formation achieving nearly twice higher final amount than 100% hydrate dissociation. However, it results in a lower CO2 encapsulation. This study provides insights into the trade-off between CH4 recovery and CO2 storage efficiency, emphasizing the need for optimized well placement and controlled hydrate extraction.

Sustainable hybrid energy system’s reliability optimization by solving RRAP-CM with integration of metaheuristic approaches

PurposeThis research introduces an innovation strategy aimed at bolstering the reliability of a renewable energy resource, which is hybrid energy systems, through the application of a metaheuristic algorithm. The growing need for sustainable energy solutions underscores the importance of integrating various energy sources effectively. Concentrating on the intermittent characteristics of renewable sources, this study seeks to create a highly reliable hybrid energy system by combining photovoltaic (PV) and wind power.Design/methodology/approachTo obtain efficient renewable energy resources, system designers aim to enhance the system’s reliability. Generally, for this purpose, the reliability redundancy allocation problem (RRAP) method is utilized. The authors have also introduced a new methodology, named Reliability Redundancy Allocation Problem with Component Mixing (RRAP-CM), for optimizing systems’ reliability. This method incorporates heterogeneous components to create a nonlinear mixed-integer mathematical model, classified as NP-hard problems. We employ specially crafted metaheuristic algorithms as optimization strategies to address these challenges and boost the overall system performance.FindingsThe study introduces six newly designed metaheuristic algorithms. Solve the optimization problem. When comparing results between the traditional RRAP method and the innovative RRAP-CM method, enhanced reliability is achieved through the blending of diverse components. The use of metaheuristic algorithms proves advantageous in identifying optimal configurations, ensuring resource efficiency and maximizing energy output in a hybrid energy system.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s findings have significant social implications because they contribute to the renewable energy field. The proposed methodologies offer a flexible and reliable mechanism for enhancing the efficiency of hybrid energy systems. By addressing the intermittent nature of renewable sources, this research promotes the design of highly reliable sustainable energy solutions, potentially influencing global efforts towards a more environmentally friendly and reliable energy landscape.Practical implicationsThe research provides practical insights by delivering a comprehensive analysis of a hybrid energy system incorporating both PV and wind components. Also, the use of metaheuristic algorithms aids in identifying optimal configurations, promoting resource efficiency and maximizing reliability. These practical insights contribute to advancing sustainable energy solutions and designing efficient, reliable hybrid energy systems.Originality/valueThis work is original as it combines the RRAP-CM methodology with six new robust metaheuristics, involving the integration of diverse components to enhance system reliability. The formulation of a nonlinear mixed-integer mathematical model adds complexity, categorizing it as an NP-hard problem. We have developed six new metaheuristic algorithms. Designed specifically for optimization in hybrid energy systems, this further highlights the uniqueness of this approach to research.

Battery energy storage with renewable energy sources integration in unbalanced distribution network considering time of use pricing

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions and the escalating energy demand have facilitated the emergence of renewable energy sources (RES), such as photovoltaic (PV) sources. Combining RES with battery energy storage system (BESS) technology reduces peak hour demand and allows for economical charging and discharging for time-based energy pricing. Integrating PV and BESS in an unbalanced system with multiple RES sources is a challenging task. It requires a robust algorithm to minimise power loss in the distribution system and decrease the voltage unbalance factor (VUF). This paper presents a new multi-objective Pelican optimisation algorithm (MOPOA) for the optimal allocation of PV and BESS. The MOPOA helps find the best placement of PV and BESS in an IEEE-33 bus unbalanced radial distribution system (URDS). The proposed algorithm combines multiple benefits from a lower net present cost (NPC) and a higher voltage profile enhancement index (VPEI). The case studies and simulation results show that the proposed method places PV and BESS in IEEE 33-bus URDS optimally, satisfying all of the system’s requirements. The results indicate an improvement in the minimum VUF factor of 4.4% in a winter day and 4.3% in a summer day; a reduction in active power loss of 16% in a winter day and 7.1% in a summer day; and a reduction in reactive power loss of 7.5% in a winter day and 7.2% in a summer day. Thus, the recommended strategy effortlessly accelerates to a suboptimal solution.

A modified slime mold algorithm for parameter identification of hydrogen-powered proton exchange membrane fuel cells

In the quest for sustainable and efficient energy solutions, hydrogen fuel cells emerge as a beacon of hope, offering a promising pathway towards a greener future. Accurate Identification of the ungiven parameters of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) mathematical models is indispensable for designing, managing, and simulating the practical PEMFC. In order to identify the parameters of PEMFC punctually, this paper presents a modified version of the slime mould algorithm (MSMA). In order to increase capability of the MSMA in the exploitation phase, both locally and globally, the sine-cosine technique has been utilized to boost the search capabilities. To assess the performance of MSMA, MSMA is first utilized to address ten well-known benchmark functions. The obtained results confirm that MSMA outperforms SMA on all benchmark functions. Then, MSMA is employed to solve the optimization problem of different mechanical design problems and also the MSMA provides superior performance over the standard SMA. Finally, the MSMA is used to identify the unknown parameters of four typical PEMFCs: 250W PEMFC, BCS 500W PEMFC, AVISTA SR-12 model, and the Temasek 1 kW PEMFC model. Experimental results boost the supremacy of MSMA in the PEMFC parameters extraction by comparing it with the original SMA and well-known potent optimization techniques. Furthermore, MATLAB/Simulink is employed for advanced dynamic PEMFC modeling, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of fuel cell parameters. The validation of this dynamic PEMFC model, using MSMA-optimized parameters, establishes its practical utility in system analysis and real-world fuel cell operation, marking a significant advancement in PEMFC technology management and simulation.

Building aluminium-air battery on waste paper for DIY learning

Abstract Environmental sustainability and the effective use of renewable resources are critical subjects that need to be integrated into our educational systems through practical, hands-on learning. This paper focuses on the fabrication of aluminium-air batteries using waste materials, providing an innovative and cost-effective DIY approach to energy storage education. Utilizing aluminium from food packaging and graphite from pencils, this study demonstrates the construction and functionality of an aluminium-air battery to run an LED, highlighting its potential applications in educational settings and low-cost energy solutions. The paper aims to inspire the adoption of environmentally friendly practices and enhance students’ understanding of electrochemical energy conversion through accessible and engaging DIY projects.

Performance analysis of floating bifacial stand-alone photovoltaic module in tropical freshwater systems of Southern Asia: an experimental study

The optimization of floating bifacial solar panels (FBS PV) in tropical freshwater systems is explored by employing response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). Previous studies have yet to explore the long-term durability, environmental impact, economic viability, and performance of FBS PV systems under various climatic conditions. This study addresses this gap by focusing on panel height, water depth, and tilt angle to improve performance. The quadratic model reveals significant non-linear relationships impacting FBS PV power generation with freshwater cooling. Our models demonstrate high explanatory power, with R-squared values of 0.9831 for output power and 0.9900 for Bi-Facial gain. Experimental validation using conventional white surface (CWS) and proposed freshwater surface (PFS) indicates notable improvements in power generation, achieving a 4.34 to 4.86% gain in bifacial efficiency across various irradiation levels. Under 950 W/m2 irradiation, freshwater cooling achieves a 3.19% higher bifacial gain compared to CWS cooling. Panel temperature analysis shows consistent reductions with freshwater cooling, ranging from 1.43 to 2.72 °C, enhancing overall efficiency and longevity. This research highlights the potential of freshwater cooling in optimizing bifacial solar systems, offering actionable insights for sustainable energy solutions in tropical regions.

Enhancing sustainable energy production through biomass gasification gas technology: a review

This proposed research investigates the sustainable and innovative use of biomass gasification for generating electricity. Biomass gasification is a versatile and eco-friendly technology that converts organic materials, such as agricultural residues, forestry waste, and even municipal solid waste, into a valuable source of clean energy. This research delves into the various aspects of this technology, including its processes, efficiency, environmental impact, and potential applications in power generation. Biomass gasification gas, often referred to as syngas, presents a promising avenue for addressing the rising energy demand while lowering greenhouse gas emissions and preventing climate change. This research seeks to offer a thorough insight into the principles and practices behind biomass gasification, highlighting its role in the transition towards a sustainable and renewable energy future. The research will investigate the technical and economic feasibility of utilizing biomass gasification gas for electricity generation, examining the benefits, challenges, and opportunities associated with this alternative energy source. By addressing critical issues such as feedstock availability, gasifier technology, gas cleaning processes, and power plant integration, this study seeks to offer valuable insights into the potential of biomass gasification gas as a clean and renewable energy solution.

Researching the electrochemical performance by Mn2+ substituted Na3+xV2-xMnx(PO4)3/rGO cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are gaining rising popularity as potential energy storage solutions for large-scale renewable energy, attributed to their affordable pricing and inherent safety features. The reversible capacity of AZIBs, which is crucial for their cycle performance, is significantly influenced by the choice of cathode material, with Na3V2(PO4)3 standing out as promising candidates for their large 3D transport channels and rapid kinetics. However, they suffer from rapid degradation caused by low structural stability during the charge-discharge process. In this work, we researched the electrochemical performance of cathode materials by employing a sol-gel preparation for Mn-doped Na3-xV2-xMnx(PO4)3/rGO (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1), in which graphene oxides (rGO) were introduced as carbon sources. It is identified that the Mn doping exerts a beneficial influence to enhance stability of the structure. The Mn0.05-NVP/rGO material, optimized for performance, exhibits a specific capacity of 106.3 mAh·g−1 with a discharge plateau at 1.3 V at a current density of 100 mA·g−1, which corresponds to an energy density of 134.7 Wh·kg−1. Particularly, the addition of Mn enhances cycling performance, leading to a remarkable capacity retention rate of 75.3 % even after 100 cycles. This work confirms the feasibility using NASICON-type cathodes and offers valuable perceptions into the advancement of cathode materials in AZIBs.

Integrated Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for Optimized Energy Management: Leveraging Photovoltaic and Phase Change Material Thermal Storage

ABSTRACTReliable energy sources are crucial for both economic growth and quality of life. In developing countries, where expensive fuels are often the primary energy source, governments are exploring innovative solutions like small‐scale, IoT‐based projects to achieve energy independence in buildings. This research investigates the integration of renewable energy technologies, statistical modeling, cloud computing, and IoT to develop a self‐managing energy system for buildings. The system prioritizes renewable sources, specifically monocrystalline solar cells with 20% efficiency for photovoltaic (PV) energy and flat plate collectors with 90% efficiency and minimal energy loss for thermal energy. Thermal energy is stored in paraffin wax, chosen for its high storage efficiency and thermal properties. The system also utilizes an absorption chiller with a high coefficient of performance (COP) to provide cooling using solar thermal energy. The building's energy loads are categorized as A, B, C, and D, each utilizing both PV and thermal energy. A SCADA system oversees the operation, monitoring the on–off status of these loads. The system is designed for continuous operation, with simulations conducted using Anaconda Jupyter Notebook and Python. This model aims to offer a sustainable and efficient energy solution for buildings, meeting energy demands while optimizing energy use.

Overcoming Obstacles of Tesla: Strategies for Problem-Solving

This study aims to explore the key issues currently faced by Tesla Inc. and its potential solutions, further proposing recommendations that have significant impacts on business operations and sustainable development. As a leading electric vehicle and clean energy company, Tesla's innovative models and challenges reflect the major trends in today's automotive industry and new energy sector. It also plays a pivotal role in advancing electric vehicles and renewable energy solutions as the global demand for reducing carbon emissions and improving energy are continuously growing. However, the company faces a series of challenges in production process, market competition and the safety concerns. By thoroughly analyzing these problems and challenges this study aims to provide solutions to help it overcome existing obstacles. By using a comprehensive research methodology to examining Tesla's practices and challenges in various aspects, this paper could identify core issues and provide strategic recommendations to help it mitigate the problems.