Energy Service System Research Articles

Research Progress and Suggestions on Natural Gas Industry Technology Revolution in the Context of Energy Revolution

The energy revolution is an important driving force for the progress of productivity and civilization in human society. As a big country in global energy consumption and carbon emission, promoting the energy revolution is a strategic choice to ensure the sustainable development of China's energy industry, which is in line with China's national conditions of the construction of modern energy system. Based on the strategic background of the energy revolution, this paper combines China's natural gas production capacity and consumption demand in the context of national conditions, and from the perspective of technological revolution, we have sorted out the research results of relevant scholars on the natural gas industry and the technological development of the whole industry chain of “production, supply, storage and marketing”, and discussed the technological development of China's natural gas industry in the context of the energy revolution. The results of the study show that: (1) the innovative technology of natural gas industry is diversified, low-carbon and green development, but from the dimension of safety, stability and economy, the performance is relatively weak. (2) The overall synergistic development of the whole industrial chain technology is uneven, the gap between supply and demand is increasing, and the degree of information and intelligence is low. And then for the development of China's natural gas industry technology puts forward proposals: (1) to promote innovative natural gas technology breakthroughs, integration of new areas of technology, to achieve the dual objectives of low-carbon economic development and environmental protection; (2) to increase natural gas exploration and development efforts, breakthroughs in the integration of the digital transformation of traditional exploration technology, and continue to support the increase in storage and production; (3) to accelerate the upgrading of natural gas supply and demand, and the establishment of a synergistic, intelligent, diversified pipeline network system. (4) Boost the construction of gas storage system, pay attention to the standardized gas storage management system, and play the role of valley cutting and peak leveling; (5) Build a new comprehensive energy service system, and build a multi-species, multi-link intelligent technology integration to create a new service system.

Problems and prospects of rural energy transformation in China

In recent years, Chinas rural energy supply security capacity has been enhanced, and the adjustment of energy structure has achieved remarkable results, but there are still some problems: The low utilization rate of waste energy in rural areas restricts the comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection, the level of rural energy consumption is always in the stage of development, and the lagging construction of rural energy socialized service system restricts the development of rural energy. In view of the problems and challenges faced by Chinas rural energy development, focus on rural energy consumption. This paper analyzes the basic situation of energy development in Chinas rural areas (taking Lantian County of Shaanxi Province as an example). Under the special premise of Chinas national conditions, the specific characteristics of different development in different regions are integrated, and the traditional fossil energy is gradually replaced by the storage and utilization of rural waste and new energy. The key issues such as the construction of rural energy service system and policy guidance are studied, and the measures and suggestions for promoting the scientific development of rural energy in China are put forward.

A multi-criteria compromise ranking decision-making approach for analysis and evaluation of community-integrated energy service system

With the acceleration in industrialisation and urbanisation, building a community-integrated energy service system that includes renewable energy is an effective way to resolve energy shortages and reduce environmental pollution. Energy coupling can be realised using technology, such as electricity-to-gas conversion equipment, gas turbines, and gas boilers. And a carbon-trading mechanism can be introduced to build a community-integrated energy service system. First, the composition and characteristics of the community-integrated energy service system are analysed, and an index evaluation model for the community-integrated energy system is constructed considering the four influencing factors of cost, reliability, energy consumption, and environmental protection. The weight assigned to each indicator is determined based on the binary comparison weighting method and the improved criteria importance though intercrieria correlation method, and a multi-criteria compromise ranking evaluation system is established. A community was selected as an example of sensitivity and comparative analysis to verify the correctness and rationality of evaluating a community-integrated energy service system using the multi-criteria compromise ranking evaluation system based on the binary comparison weighting method and the improved criteria importance though intercrieria correlation method.

The political economy of mini-grid electricity development and innovation in Kenya

Accessible and affordable energy services are a prerequisite for socioeconomic growth and poverty reduction. Yet it is estimated that 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa will not have access to electricity in 2030. Recent research suggests that universal access to electricity will be achieved through a mix of centralized and decentralized systems and that the diffusion of these technologies is a socio-technical process involving multiple actors. These actors include firms, networks, energy users, and government agencies that interact within a political landscape to deliver innovation within energy service systems. Thus, factors related to the political economy can impact the process of innovation and warrant analysis. This study aims to provide an analysis of the political economy factors that can influence the emergence of mini grid electricity development in the African context exemplified in Kenya as a case study. The study uses the Technology Innovation Systems (TIS) lens as an analytical framework to provide a critical analysis of how political economy factors have influenced the development of mini grid electricity in Kenya. The result shows that despite the presence of some favorable conditions for innovation, political economy factors significantly impede the deployment of mini grids in Kenya. Power and vested interests have created negative competition between public and private developers, limiting knowledge and information diffusion between actors and stalling mini grid developments where they are most needed.

Optimization of new comprehensive energy service system in industrial parks under the dual carbon target

Given the poor effect of the current new integrated energy management service, this paper puts forward the optimization strategy of the new integrated energy service system of industrial parks under the dual carbon goal, optimizes the functions of the new integrated energy service system in combination with the dual carbon goal, standardizes the monitoring data evaluation system of the new integrated energy, and constructs the new integrated energy consumption evaluation algorithm of industrial parks. Finally, it is confirmed by experiments. The optimization method of the new integrated energy service system of industrial parks under the dual carbon target proposed has high practicability.

User-side precision marketing model of integrated energy service system

Abstract Since entering the new era, the utilization and protection of energy has gradually become a world-class problem, and the establishment of a comprehensive energy service system is one of the effective solutions to today’s energy problems. The establishment of the comprehensive energy service system successfully integrates the fragmented and single energy structure and realizes the multi-energy complementarity between energy sources. However, the current comprehensive energy service is still limited to the integration of several common energy sources, and the system cannot realize dynamic dispatch between energy sources. User-side precision marketing can predict various energy demands. Therefore, establishing a user-side precision marketing model can strengthen the energy efficiency management of the energy system and realize the optimization and upgrading of the comprehensive energy service system. Based on this, we propose a user-side precision marketing model. It can effectively act on the comprehensive service system, and propose effective solutions for the forecast and dispatch of energy demand. At the same time, the article also aims to improve the utilization efficiency of multiple energy sources in comprehensive energy services, reduce multiple costs in energy dispatch, improve economic and environmental benefits, and promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Experiments show that the precise marketing model based on the user side can effectively increase the energy supply speed by 50.1%, reduce the supply cost by 32%, and improve the energy supply efficiency by 33%. This fully shows that the comprehensive energy supply and precision marketing model based on the user side can get rid of the previous single energy supply situation and improve energy utilization efficiency.

Optimization scheduling of integrated energy service system in community: A bi-layer optimization model considering multi-energy demand response and user satisfaction

Multi-energy complementation and coupling are considered effective methods for solving the increasingly prominent supply and demand relationship and improving energy efficiency. Therefore, considering user satisfaction and multi-energy demand are the most efficient ways to improve multi-energy complementation and coupling. Herein, a bi-layer optimization model of community-integrated energy service system that considers the multi-energy demand response and user satisfaction is proposed based on user preferences. There are two types of people in the community, namely retirees and office workers, and their energy consumption characteristics are analyzed. Users consider multi-energy demand response, optimize energy consumption behavior, and aim at costs and comfort degree. In addition, the service provider optimizes the outputs of coupling components and considers the full consumption of wind and photovoltaic power to increase profit. The improved PSO algorithm and CPLEX solver are adopted to achieve bi-layer optimization. The results show that the costs of retirees and office workers are reduced by 7.32% and 5.69%, respectively. Furthermore, the profit of the service provider is increased by 12.01% when the proportion of retirees is relatively larger and renewable energy is fully consumed. The conclusions also provide suggestions for energy supply methods and site selection strategies to service providers.

When Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles Meet Microgrids: Citywide Energy-Mobility Orchestration

Problem definition: We develop a crossdisciplinary analytics framework to understand citywide mobility-energy synergy. In particular, we investigate the potential of shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs) for improving the self-sufficiency and resilience of solar-powered urban microgrids. Academic/practical relevance: Our work is motivated by the ever-increasing interconnection of energy and mobility service systems at the urban scale. We propose models and analytics to characterize the dynamics of the SAEV-microgrid service systems, which were largely overlooked by the literature on service operations and vehicle-grid integration (VGI) analysis. Methodology: We develop a space-time-energy network representation of SAEVs. Then, we formulate linear program models to incorporate an array of major operational decisions interconnecting the mobility and energy systems. To preventatively ensure microgrid resilience, we also propose an “N − 1” resilience-constrained fleet dispatch problem to cope with microgrid outages. Results: Combining eight data sources of New York City, our results show that 80,000 SAEVs in place of the current ride-sharing mobility assets can improve the microgrid self-sufficiency by 1.45% (benchmarked against the case without grid support) mainly via the spatial transfer of electricity, which complements conventional VGI. Scaling up the SAEV fleet size to 500,000 increases the microgrid self-sufficiency by 8.85% mainly through temporal energy transfer, which substitutes conventional VGI. We also quantify the potential and trade-offs of SAEVs for peak electricity import reduction and ramping mitigation. In addition, microgrid resilience can be enhanced by SAEVs, but the actual resilience level varies by microgrids and by the hour when grid contingency occurs. The SAEV fleet operator can further maintain the resilience of pivotal microgrid areas at their maximum achievable level with no more than a 1% increase in the fleet repositioning trip length. Managerial implications: Our models and findings demonstrate the potential in deepening the integration of urban mobility and energy service systems toward a smart-city future.

A Model-Based and Goal-Oriented Approach for the Conceptual Design of Smart Grid Services

A solid demand to integrate energy consumption and co-generation emerged worldwide, motivated, on one hand, by the need to diversify and enhance energy supply, and, one the other hand, by the pressure to attend to the requirements of a heterogeneous class of users. The coupling between energy service provision and final users also includes balancing user needs, eliminating excesses, and optimizing energy supply while avoiding blackouts. Another motivation is the challenge of having sustainable sources and many adapted to the user ecosystem. Altogether, these motivations lead to more abstract design approaches to co-generation-distributed systems, such as those based on goal-oriented requirements used to model smart grids. This work considers the available design practices and its difficulties in proposing a new method capable of producing a flexible requirement model that could serve for design and maintenance purposes. We suggest coupling the approach based on goal-oriented requirements with model-based engineering to support such a model. The expected result is a sound and flexible requirements model, including a model for the interaction with the final user (now being considered a producer and consumer simultaneously). A case study is presented, wherein a small energy service system in an isolated community in the Amazon rain forest was designed.

Optimization scheduling of an integrated energy service system in community under the carbon trading mechanism: A model with reward-penalty and user satisfaction

The carbon trading mechanism is considered an effective method for improving energy efficiency, and reducing pollution. In this regard, two methods of considering reward-penalty on the supply and demand sides as well as user satisfaction are the most effective ways to improve the carbon trading mechanism. Herein, this paper proposes a bilayer optimization model of the community-integrated energy service system. The population in the community is mainly divided into office workers and retirees, and their preferences are fully considered. The user considers electric energy reduction and substitution modes to optimize the energy consumption behavior in the reward stage. And the service provider considers the full consumption of wind and photovoltaic power and optimizes the output of each unit in the penalty stage. The effect of reward-penalty factors on the supply and demand sides is analyzed. The algorithm used to achieve bilayer optimization is the hybrid solution algorithm, which adopts the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and CPLEX solver. The experimental results show that the costs of office workers and retirees are reduced by an average of 18.2% and 12.2%, respectively. And the service provider's profit is increased by 15.28%. The results also provide site selection strategies for energy supply.

Opportunity for Revamping/Repowering of a Large Photovoltaic Plant in Sicily, a Case Study

The current Italian photovoltaic park begins to show significant underperformance in efficiency mainly due to degradation of the modules, component defects, incorrect design, construction and maintenance of the systems. Such criticisms have the highest occurrences for the older installations which have had to meet feed-in tariff deadlines. According to GSE data, in Italy at the end of 2013 about 11,000 photovoltaic systems of between 200 kW and 5000 MW were installed, for a total power of about 11.0 GW, the prospective of upgrading and improving these older plants becomes progressively significant to both producers and PV plant owners. To meet these new needs, the Italian Energy Service System Operator (GSE) has recently issued new directives for repowering that allow producers of photovoltaic energy to maintain and modernize their plants without losing incentives. To evaluate the opportunities deriving from the possibility of revamping existing plants, a case study on a PV plant built in Sicily for which significant production losses were found is presented. The total investment costs, estimated in approximately € 444,000, is based on a market survey and the advice of industry experts. Considering the residual incentive period still recognized equal to 13, the economic return on investment is expected 8th year of post-revamping. The possibility of making this type of operation compatible with the maintenance of incentives is, therefore, an opportunity to increase the efficiency and enhancement of the national photovoltaic park and at the same time a potentially advantageous investment for producers.

Design of Intelligent Energy Service System Based on Industrial Internet

With increasing energy consumption, the problems of extensive management and low utilization efficiency in the process of energy use have become more and more prominent. How to improve energy utilization has become an important issue. This paper designs and implements a smart energy service system based on the Industrial Internet, which can provide services for energy service providers and energy customers. This paper describes the system from the aspects of overall architecture, business architecture, technical architecture and integration architecture. Finally, the demonstration application of the system is introduced, which verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the designed system.

Application Research of Customer Side Integrated Energy Service System Based on Machine Learning

With the emergence of Internet, big data, cloud computing, block chain technology and other high-tech technologies, the integrated energy service mode including more clean energy and micro grid technology has quietly begun. This paper defines the connotation and value of integrated energy services, and constructs the theoretical framework of comprehensive energy services evaluation system based on the traditional balanced scorecard. This paper analyzes the current situation of domestic and foreign energy markets and the scope of comprehensive services. Finally, the difficulties and challenges faced by the energy integrated service industry are analyzed, and the after tax internal rate of return is 11.2%, which provides a reference for the transformation of energy enterprises.

Design of Energy Service System Based on Demand Side Response

Design of Energy Service System Based on Demand Side Response

Research on new energy consumption supported by deep learning in the context of integrated energy services

The use of renewable energy has alleviated the severe resource and environmental pressure at this stage. However, the discontinuity and randomness of renewable energy have brought risks to the system, resulting in serious problems of abandoning wind, light, and water, making it impossible to achieve large-scale access to renewable energy. This paper proposes a framework of renewable energy consumption system supported by deep learning, which can provide new solutions for renewable energy consumption under the background of integrated energy service system.

The Interruptible Load Control Strategy of Distribution Network in Integrated Energy Service System

In the integrated energy service system, distribution network shall manage to settle its own power balance issue. The market competition that grid corporations open the sale services of electricity to the society and interruptible load is encouraged to participate in ancillary services becomes a development tendency. At this time, a corresponding control strategy was required to instruct interruptible loads scheduling. In this paper, a control strategy using discrete Fourier transform is proposed in combination with the requirements of the electricity market. Under the constraint of the new evaluation criteria, different types of resident interruptible loads were on-demand dispatched in different periods. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the feeder daily forecast could improves the power load control capability of distribution network as well as the quality of power supply.

A unified model for diagnosing energy usage abnormalities in regional integrated energy service systems

An integrated energy service company in an industrial park or commercial building is responsible for managing all energy sources in their local region, including electricity, water, gas, heating, and cooling. To reduce energy wastage and increase energy utilization, it is necessary to perform efficiency analyses and diagnoses on integrated energy systems (IESs). However, the integrated energy data necessary for energy efficiency analyses and diagnoses come from a wide variety of instruments, each of which uses different transmission protocols and data formats. This makes it challenging to handle energy-flow data in a unified manner. Thus, we have constructed a unified model for diagnosing energy usage abnormalities in IESs. Using this model, the data are divided into working days and non-working days, and benchmark values are calculated after the data have been weighted to enable unified analysis of several types of energy data. The energy-flow data may then be observed, managed, and compared in all aspects to monitor sudden changes in energy usage and energy wastage. The abnormal data identified and selected by the unified model are then subjected to big-data analysis using technical management tools, enabling the detection of user problems such as abnormalities pertaining to acquisition device, metering, and energy usage. This model facilitates accurate metering of energy data and improves energy efficiency. The study has significant implications in terms of fulfilling the energy saving.

Modeling of Integrated Energy Service System Based on Ontology

Integrated energy system integrates the production, transportation, distribution, conversion, storage and consumption of all kinds of energy. The complex structure of integrated energy system makes it difficult to model by analytical method. At present, the modeling of integrated energy system is mostly static modeling of all kinds of equipment in the system, and the coupling and logical relationship between the new equipment and each part is not clear, which makes the further development of integrated energy system, planning and operation meet certain difficulties. In this paper, the integrated energy system is modeled by ontology. Ontology modeling enhances the interoperability between heterogeneous systems, making data transmission between different systems or tools; Ontology improves clarity and reduces the cost of requirement analysis by describing problems and tasks.

When Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles Meet Microgrids: Citywide Energy-Mobility Orchestration

Motivated by the ever-increasing interconnection of energy and mobility service systems at the urban scale, we develop a cross-disciplinary analytics framework to understand citywide mobility-energy synergy. In particular, we investigate the potential of operating shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs) for improving the self-sufficiency and resilience of solar-powered urban microgrids. We propose models and analytics to characterize the dynamics of the SAEV-microgrid service systems, which were largely overlooked by the literature on service operations and vehicle-grid integration (VGI) analysis. We develop a space-time-energy network representation of SAEVs. Then we formulate linear program models to incorporate an array of main operational decisions interconnecting the mobility and energy systems. The models can efficiently handle large volumes of data and decisions and capture various urban heterogeneities. We also propose an ``N-1'' resilience-constrained fleet dispatch problem. Combining eight sources data of New York City, our results show that even a moderate-sized SAEV fleet can improve microgrid self-sufficiency via the spatial transfer of electricity, which complements conventional VGI, whereas enlisting more SAEVs substitutes conventional VGI by means of providing temporal transfer of electricity. We also quantify the potential of SAEVs for solar power utilization, peak electricity import reduction and ramping mitigation. In addition, microgrid resilience can be significantly enhanced by SAEVs, but the actual resilience level varies by microgrids and by the hour when grid contingency occurs. The SAEV fleet operator can further maintain the resilience of key microgrid areas at their maximum achievable level without significantly compromising the fleet repositioning efficiency. Our models and findings demonstrate the promising and rich potential in deepening the integration of urban mobility and energy service systems towards a smart-city future.

Assessment of energy saving and energy efficiency development in Russia and abroad

At the present stage of world economic development, great attention is paid to ensuring sustainable development, including the low energy intensity of industrialized economies. In view of this, the various methods, approaches and mechanisms for energy saving and energy efficiency are of particular importance. One of the most relevant non-state mechanisms is an energy service contract (performance contract). There are preventive mechanisms that have not yet been imposed on market participants, but are capable of qualitatively changing the company's policy regarding the conservation of resources. The goal of the research is to form an understanding of the potential for applying modern energy saving and energy efficiency mechanisms in Russia and the EU. To achieve this goal, the study provides an overview of the current state of the energy service market in these countries, the conditions and directions of its development, identifies key problems in the application of the energy service contract and assesses its potential. A comparative description of the practice of application of the energy service contract and systems of certification of projects and real estate in Russia and the EU is given.