Energy Sector Of Ukraine Research Articles

Ukraine’s Energy Security in Strategies

During the independence period, the Ukrainian government has published two energy security strategies. The first strategy was adopted in 2006 and the second one in 2016. Both documents provided a similar definition of energy security. The aims of the first strategy, covering the period 2006–2030, were the restructuring of the fuel and energy complex using new technologies, increase of energy efficiency and ensuring market prices of energy generation and sale. The second strategy was much more extensive and envisaged the implementation of changes in three stages until 2035. The changes proposed in the document are reasonable from the point of view of Ukraine’s energy security. The strategy does not take an explicit position on decarbonisation, although it provides for the modernisation of power plants and closure of unprofitable mines. Some of the goals of the Ukrainian energy sector were only roughly outlined and therefore need elaboration and clear indication of how they would be achieved. The aim of this article is to analyse the reforms and measures provided for in Ukraine’s strategies designed to ensure the country’s energy security. The research hypothesis is as follows: The reforms envisaged in the strategies can effectively contribute to ensuring the state’s energy security. To test this hypothesis, the author formulated the following research questions: 1. How did the two energy strategies define security?; 2. Which elements of energy policy were considered to be the most important in the first strategy document?; 3. What energy security components are listed in the second strategy document?; 4. Were the measures specified in the first and second strategies capable of ensuring the energy security of Ukraine? The applied research methods were the following: literature research, comparison method and content analysis.

Perspectives of using Israel's experience in solar hot water supply in Ukraine

This article raises questions about the use of alternative energy sources, the relevance of which currently and in the near future does not cause any doubts. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the average use of alternative sources in the energy sector of Ukraine. At the same time, the emphasis is placed on such a direction of ensuring comfortable living conditions as satisfaction of the population with stable and inexpensive heat for heating and hot water supply systems with the use of modern solar energy systems.To achieve this goal, the article formulated a number of problems that could more fully represent the disturbed topic.Some aspects of the state of the world energy market and the need to develop renewable energy sources, including solar radiation, are set out in the material to highlight the problems raised.With a view to possible use in the Ukrainian energy sector of solar radiation, Israel's many years of experience in the successful use of hot water heliosystems for domestic needs was considered.The estimation of the climatic conditions of Ukraine, which represents the good possibilities of using solar thermal energy in providing the proper conditions for comfortable living, is given.The state approaches in Ukraine and Israel for realization of national programs of development of solar energy, aimed at increasing the share of heat received in this direction in the general energy system are considered.The international, European and national standards of both states regarding the requirements for solar collectors with comparative analysis of indicators for their testing are presented.The state of production, practical use of equipment for solar hot water supply systems is analyzed, the main manufacturers and suppliers of this equipment are presented in the markets of both countries. In the tabular form a comparative analysis of the main technical characteristics of flat solar collectors of the leading manufacturers of the European Union and the State of Israel, presented in the Ukrainian market is presented.The list of problems, which is a restraining factor in realization of tasks on development of solar power systems, is shown. After the article conclusions and recommendations on the above-mentioned problems are made.

Oil and gas complex of Ukraine: analysis and prevention of electrical traumatism

The work is devoted to the analysis of injury cases from the electric current influence on the oil and gas complex objects. Theprinciples, the main provisions of the system analysis and the classification of electric traumatism cases at power enterprisesare presented. Main causes and patterns of the electric trauma occurrence on dependence of the various production features,as well as for various categories of workers are determined in the article. The structural scheme of the relationship betweenthe elements of the system "man – electrical engineering – production environment" is given. A set of preventive measuresand practical recommendations that can be successfully applied to assess occupational risk and reduce the level of injuryfrom electric current in the energy sector of Ukraine is proposed.

PROSPECTS AND EFFICIENCY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE FROM OILSEED CROPS

PROSPECTS AND EFFICIENCY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE FROM OILSEED CROPS

PERSPECTIVES OF FEEDSTOCK BASE EXPANSION FOR BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

Article is devoted to the study of perspectives of feedstock base expansion for production of biodiesel fuels in Ukraine. It is shown that one of the most relevant problems of Ukrainian energy sector is shortening of consumption of own oilproducts. The state of fuel-energy and transport sector of Ukraine and, thus, the search for new renewable energy sources is considered. The overview of the modern state of biofuel industry, biodiesel fuels production in particular, is presented in the article. The main normative-technical documents in sphere of production and use of biodiesel fuel is given and analyzed. The available nowadays feedstock resources, which may be used for biodiesel fuel production were considered — all vegetable oils, which are typical for Ukraine (sunflower, soybean, corn), but more often rapeseed oil and comparatively new camelina oil. The comparative analysis of agronomical characteristics of rapeseed and camelina oils was done. It is shown that camelina is characterized by high cold-temperature and drought resistance, low needs in fertile soils and necessity in fertilizers and herbicides. Due to this the cost of camelina seeds is in two times lower than average. The comparative analysis of samples of biodiesel fuels based on methyl and ethyl esters of rapeseed oil and camelina oil was done. The advantages of using camelina oil instead of rapeseed oil as an alternative for production of biodiesel fuels were formulated and presented. It is shown that physical-chemical and exploitation properties of studied samples of biofuels, based on camelina oil in particular, completely satisfy requirements of standards for biodiesel fuel. In a result of this study we have done the conclusion that camelina oil can be effectively used for production of biodiesel fuel and also for using as a partial or total substituent of conventional oil-derived diesel fuel.

POTENTIAL FORTHE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

The article identifies unresolved major problems in the energy sector of Ukraine. Certain changes in the direction of renewable energy have been identified that have actively influenced its development. The calculations of the potential domestic market for biogas plants for 2020 are outlined. The general goals that can be achieved through state support are outlined. The indicative forecast of the potential of electricity production by 2035 is characterized. The commitments within the framework of environmental safety of Ukraine to the European Union are generalized. Directions of improvement of dynamics of development of renewable energy are offered.

Revolution and Reforms: The Prophetic Perfect?

The interview reports on the diplomatic path of Alex Lenaerts before he took up the post of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Belgium to Ukraine. Particular attention is attached to the significant changes in state agencies of Ukraine. The author places emphasis on the fact that Ukraine’s path to Europe is long and arduous, thus calling for the need to overcome significant institutional challenges, including corruption, and introduce substantial changes in the judicial system to achieve the rule of law. It is noted that the best way towards successful integration of Ukraine into the European community is implementing reforms. The author hopes the war in Donbas will soon be over. It is mentioned that Ukraine has great potential, and Belgian companies take an interest in modernising Ukrainian agriculture, the development of transport, energy sector, and renewable energy in Ukraine. The reader will also find described the distinctive features of building robust economic relations between Ukraine and Belgium, specificities of Belgian investment in Ukraine’s economy, and problems arising in the course of this process. One of the priorities of the diplomatic mission of Belgium to Ukraine is the matter on perspectives of development of bilateral cooperation in the sphere of renewable energy. Such cooperation would contribute to developing and strengthening Ukrainian energy sector. In the case at hand, there is an urgent need for taking a number of measures to forestall global climate changes. Special attention is drawn to the description of Belgian educational system. The author underlines the importance of cultural diplomacy tools in the activities of the Embassy of the Kingdom of Belgium to Ukraine. At the end of the interview, you will find the information on Ambassador’s personal preferences and favourite pastime. It is noted that His Excellency has visited Western, Eastern, and Southern Ukraine, delivered lectures, and shared his thoughts with students at several universities. The article especially notes Mr Lenaerts’s to study the Ukrainian language and reveals the reason of his love to Ukraine and respect of hospitable Ukrainian people. Key words: bilateral relations, reforms, cultural diplomacy, renewable energy, Ukrainian-Belgian relations, education

СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК НАЙБІЛЬШИХ ЕЛЕКТРОГЕНЕРУЮЧИХ КОМПАНІЙ В УКРАЇНІ: НЕФІНАНСОВІ АСПЕКТИ

This paper deals with the issue of sustainable development and integrated reporting following the most recent guidelines for energy generation companies in Ukraine. The electricity generation sector is considerably prioritized throughout the world due to core international needs and responsible business strategies. In the course of the study, key performance peculiarities of leading electricity generation companies were revealed in the context of compliance with cross-sectoral requirements and global challenges. International regulatory policies establish sets of rules for governments, non-governmental organizations as well as business entities, so are to be thoroughly analyzed, obligatorily followed and successfully implemented within corporate codes. In this scope the main factors of the Ukrainian energy sector development prospects were identified in order to find out several opportunities for future growth and structural shifts. The theoretical base and practical background were indicated following the already established standards and widespread principles as well as mechanisms for corporate performance management and integrated reporting release. Comprehensive secondary data analysis enabled the efficient research conduction and led to profound results delivery predetermined by the aim of study. On the basis of data given in annual corporate reports as well as statistical data the comparative analysis of various non-financial initiatives and corporate social responsibility projects was held to reveal the most crucial differences in performance coverage and result improvement. The most substantial features of various electricity generation types were outlined in scope of national sectoral prerequisites, taking into account the primacy of nuclear and thermal power facilities in overall electricity generation in Ukraine. The significance of social and ecological programs, green strategies and structural shift plans, responsible policies and ethical guides were proved in terms of sustainable development and high efficiency, driven by both internal and external functional aspects.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИДАТКІВ З ДЕРЖАВНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ НА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИЙ СЕКТОР УКРАЇНИ

Енергетичний сектор України побудовано згідно з потребами колишнього СРСР. Весь період незалежності пострадянські зв’язки та технології вимагали значних витрат публічних коштів на потреби ПЕК. Метою статті є визначення суми затрат публічних коштів на діяльність енергетичного сектору України. Завдання – окреслити перспективи подальшого навантаження на публічні видатки. Показано динаміку прямих видатків та кредитів з державного бюджету на енергетичний сектор, виконано їх порівняння в цілому та за окремими сферами. Спосіб розрахунку полягав у авторському групуванні та додаванні фактичних бюджетних видатків або кредитів разом за загальним і спеціальним фондами бюджету згідно із бюджетними програмами протягом 2002–2017 рр.Видатки на ПЕК за функціональною класифікацією порівнювалися з авторськими розрахунками видатків за бюджетними програмами. Виявлені розбіжності пояснюються виконанням протягом усього аналізованого періоду затверджених бюджетних програм різними відповідальними виконавцями, нівелюванням наслідків діяльності суб’єктів енергосектору в економічній сфері, переміщенням сум між видатками і кредитуванням тощо.За досліджуваний період кількість тематичних бюджетних програм зменшилася вчетверо. Аналіз показує перспективи подальшого здійснення значних прямих видатків на вугільну галузь для підтримання закритих гірничих виробок, утримання служби рятування та попередження катастроф, дотування підприємств для компенсації собівартості вугілля.Спосіб фінансового забезпечення ремонтів і модернізації енергомереж через бюджетні кредити означає перспективи збільшення майбутнього боргового навантаження на бюджет через необхідність повертати кредити у валюті. У цілому енергетичний сектор отримує також опосередковані дотації з державного бюджету через субсидії населенню і пряме фінансування. Скорочення кількості бюджетних програм шляхом їх укрупнення звужує можливості для аналізу державної політики у сфері фінансової підтримки енергетичного сектору в Україні.

POSSIBLE WAYS TO ENSURE ENERGY INDEPENDENCE OF UKRAINE BY REFORMING THE OIL INDUSTRY

In the time of independence, Ukraine was not able to escape from the energy and transport dependence on Russia, it concerns not only natural gas but also petroleum products, liquefied gas, nuclear fuel and even coal. During the war, this situation is extremely dangerous as it can lead to a paralysis of the national economy in the сondition of a complete blockade of supplies of energy products from Russia or from other countries through russion territory, as well as the impossibility of carrying out military operations to defend the territori integrity of Ukraine on the case of a large-scale war. Since the energy sector of Ukraine is very large and can not be fully considered in the same work, in this article the research of the oil industry of Ukraine, namely: natural reserves of oil, the market of oil and petroleum products, processing and consumption of petroleum products by the national economy has been conducted. This issue is extremely important today because in a wartime, uninterrupted and timely supply of petroleum products is a vital condition for conducting effective military operations and rebuffing aggression on the part of Russia.

Формування ефективної концепції управління енергетичним сектором України

Формування ефективної концепції управління енергетичним сектором України

SHORT-TERM MODELING: THE NEWEST PLAYERS, FUNCTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINIAN ENERGY SECTOR

Ukraine has begun a deep energy transformation. The legislation on the state regulation of energy and utilities, on the natural gas market has been already implemented; a bill on the electricity market is being prepared for the second reading. The modern energy strategy is in the active stage of the preparation – there are ongoing discussions, exchange of opinions and preparation of proposals and amendments thereto. But the most profound changes in the energy sector of Ukraine are yet to come. Industrial revolution -4.0, state-of-the-art development and technologies, innovative achievements of the world leading energy markets are now gaining irresistible force and operating simultaneously; they intensify and accelerate the need for more radical transformation of the energy sector. We must begin the discussion from the point of view, that is little bit unexpected for professional energy specialists: the main orientation transformations on climate change; on energy security, that comes through rejection of inefficient fossil fuel; on flexibility of grid, that is achieved through the smart technologies; on price optimization for consumers through a formula solar + storage = prosumer; on stimulation of new market components to ensure competition.

Justification of integrated environmental and economic assessment of the impact actions in the field of oil and gas extraction

The aim of the welfare state, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine is to ensure conditions for the growth of welfare of citizens. One of the major components in the well-being of civilized societies is to ensure that citizens and businesses the necessary energy. Energy development is the basis for enhancing the social and economic living standards of the population and competitiveness. The key to this goal should be a reliable, economically viable and environmentally sound needs of the population and the economy of energy products. It is important to identify the critical factors is a threat to the energy security of the national economy. The state of the energy sector of Ukraine is negatively affected by continued dependence on imports of Russian natural gas, petroleum products and fuel for power plants. Today such dependence on primary energy, including coal, has become a leverage to Ukraine on the part of the neighboring state. The loss of the fuel and energy complex, and areas for future development of hydrocarbon resources as a result of the annexation of the Crimea and the military operations in the east of the country, as well as the destruction of the oil and gas infrastructure in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, yielded additional new factors which significantly weakened the energy security of the country. Given the instability of strategic task for Ukraine, it is vital to achieve the highest possible level to ensure the economy’s own oil and gas resources, which, to a certain extent, will contribute to energy independence and savings of foreign exchange reserves of the country, as well as infrastructure development in the industry, tax revenues, creation of additional jobs.

FORMATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Introduction. In the current crisis in the energy market, the issue of improving the efficiency of development of companies in the energy sector of Ukraine, in particular the formation of organizational and economic mechanism for managing energy companies has become particularly relevant. As a result, there is a need for a systematic review of the management structure of energy companies. The purpose of the article isconsideration of modern organizational management structures in the energy sector of Ukraine and the formation of an effective organizational and economic mechanism for managing energy companies. Method (methodology). The methodological basis of the study were the following methods: analysis and synthesis - to clarify the essence of the organizational and economic mechanism of management of energy companies; dialectical cognition - to determine the conditions of application of a systematic approach to the formation of the management system of the company; structuring - when creating a department of innovative management system of the company for the effective development of the energy company. Results. The article considers a systematic approach to modern organizational management structures in the energy sector of Ukraine. The formation of an effective organizational and economic mechanism for managing energy companies is substantiated. The components of the organizational and economic mechanism of management of energy enterprises are considered. The principles of the new management model of energy companies are determined. It is proposed to create a department of innovative management system of the company.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГЕОПОЛІТИЧНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ

In the article the major trends in the energy sector of Ukraine in modern geopolitical conditions are investigated. The status and dynamics of energy security of Ukraine during 2007–2015 years are evaluated. The main factors strengthening the energy security of Ukraine in 2015 – the decrease of energy intensity of GDP and improving of the diversification of supply sources and kinds of energy resources are detected. The impact of key threats caused by geopolitical changes on the level of energy security of Ukraine is determined. The probability and preconditions of implementation of optimistic, basic, pessimistic scenarios of changes in such key factors of energy security, as energy intensity of GDP and the share of the dominant fuel in total energy consumption are substantiated. Directions of strengthening the energy security of Ukraine in terms of geopolitical transformations, comprehensive reforms of the production and import of energy production, distribution and the use of electricity; further reducing of energy intensity of GDP through economic restructuring and increasing the share of services and high-tech industries in GDP, energy efficiency enterprises of old industrial areas and their technical modernization.

DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE AND VOLUMES OF FORMATION OF SECONDARY ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE ENERGY OF UKRAINE

The paper presents the dynamics of changes in volumes of secondary energy resources (SER) in the energy sector of Ukraine by type of energy. The data on changes in the structure and volumes of secondary energy resources for the last period are presented.

ANALYSIS OF THE USE LEVEL OF SECONDARY ENERGY RESOURCES IN ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The features of the use of heat and combustible and heat secondary energy resources (SER) in the energy sector of Ukraine are considered. The data on the use levels of various types of combustible SER, as well as high-potential heat SER by types of utilization plants are presented.

FINANCIAL RATIO OF NUCLEAR AND HYDROPOWER ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Urgency of the research. The urgency of power sector modernization increased greatly as a consequence of the changes in Ukraine`s energy sector on account of political events of 2013-2015 years. Target setting. Development of proposals for improving Ukraine's energy sector should be based on existing features and problems of its functioning. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Pricing issues in the electric power market and are reflected in the works of such scholars as O. Bilotserkivsky, A. Borisenko, A. Voinov, A. Mazurenko, E. Olesevich, S. Saukh, O. Stoyan, K. Uschapovsky, N. Shiryaeva and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Scientists pay much attention to the analysis of general-sectoral and general-market indicators of electricity sector, while the micro problems remain largely unnoticed by researchers, although the characteristics and problems of enterprises largely determine the overall industry turmoil. The research objective. The article is focused on the identification of common trends and problems of development of power generating segment of the electricity sector of Ukraine, namely nuclear and hydroelectric power companies. The statement of basic materials. Financial reports of SE "NNEC "Energoatom" and JSC "Ukrhydroenergo" indicate the existence of common features of their activities, despite divergent trends of development. The common features are the high volume of funds of products and the corresponding need for financial resources to restore production capacity. And while the growth of fixed assets of JSC "Ukrhydroenergo" is largely provided by state support through the establishment of sufficiently high prices for the products, the SE "NNEC" Energoatom" is disregarded and gradually loses production potential Conclusions. A common problem in functioning of nuclear and hydropower energetic is finding sources for financing fixed assets, which actually disappear under current conditions. Mechanisms of support of satisfactory condition and dynamics of fixed assets of JSC "Ukrhydroenergo" cannot be extended to the entire energetic sector.

CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THERMAL POWER

Urgency of the research. To overcome the image of one of the most energy-intensive countries in Europe, to reduce gas consumption in Ukraine, the need for compensation from the state budget the difference in tariffs for communal heatgenerating and heat supply companies may decrease if the cost of services, to take into account and eliminate heat loss. The priority of the Government of Ukraine has been the introduction of new mechanisms to promote energy efficiency on the consumer side (in particular, the payment of the loan, which the inhabitants of the house take for its thermo-or to go to alternative heating, etc.), while according to experts 80% of heat loss it occurs in areas generating and transporting. Tasks relating to the modernization and reorientation of the country's heating systems in order to reduce consumption of natural gas are those that actually increase national, primarily the energy security of Ukraine and are highly relevant and important state. Target setting. Creating application of economic and mathematical tools for decision support in the process of modernization and renewal of generating capacity of thermal generation, construction of replacement facilities using modern technologies to achieve European standards for emissions of pollutants and the use of other fuels, renovation of trunk and distribution heat networks allow perform analysis of alternative management actions and will boost the development of energy-efficient, technically reliable and safe operation of heating systems of society with minimal economic burden on end users. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Scientific, methodological and applied aspects of economic and mathematical modelling of power system development processes are devoted to the study Y. Bakhshan, S. Motadayen Aval, F. Kamel and A. Hajhossini, J. Okrajni, K. Mutwil and M. Cieśla, B. Yakovlev, A. Sapuhina, V. Kurochkina and S. Novikov, S. Orlovsky, V. Volkov and O. Timofeenko, B. Polovnikova and V. Huzeeva, V. Klimenko and Y. Orlov, D. Chernikov, A. Aleksakhina and A. Boblovskogo, A. Bujak, O. Havrysya, K. Mahkotilo and other domestic and foreign scientists. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. However, until now no one has proposed to apply the models and methods of the theory of planning and network management, as well as still have not developed a science-based system of economic and mathematical models of decision support with respect to the modernization of communal heat power. The research objective. The main objective of this work is to systematize and review of scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists, containing analogues and prototypes, which are the basis for further improvement of the concept of rational functioning of the market of energy materials and products based on the creation of a complex of economic and mathematical models of resource management and costs in the process of modernization of communal heat energy in Ukraine. The statement of basic materials. The paper systematically analyses and scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists, containing analogues and prototypes, serve as the basis for further improvement of the functioning of the concept of sustainable market for energy materials and products based on the creation of a complex of economic-mathematical models of management of resources and costs in the process of modernization municipal power system in Ukraine. It is proved that the idea of adapting the methods of graph theory, as well as deterministic and probabilistic network models taking into account the time, cost and resources for planning and management practice, modernization, reconstruction and replacement of process equipment heating stations and thermal networks enterprises of power in Ukraine, characterized by scientific novelty and is a tool inform decisions heat generating and heat supply companies, investment companies, the legislative bodies regarding the technically reliable and safe functioning of the energy supply company systems. Conclusions. The use of modern information technology and network of economic and mathematical models and methods to simultaneously consider all the economic and physical conditions and to determine the best option in the process of modernization of communal thermal power will become one of the components forming a system of support for the introduction of new management systems to the innovative development of the energy sector of Ukraine , will provide decision-making in favour of the power supply systems, which are the most beneficial to the safety position, the reliability (continuity), the quality of energy supply and the provision of affordable and attractive for the environmental consequences of energy services.

Organization-legal maintenance of the generating companies in the energy sector of Ukraine.

The proposed Energy Strategy of privatization of energy companies, during which they need to be reorganized into public joint stock companies, means a change in the subjects of economic power in relation to assets, complete property complexes, a number of large industrial enterprises. This change has the very powerful social consequences, but their analysis must precede the establishment of the content of basic categories - economic (economic) power.It should be noted that in the process of privatization of companies - electric power industry entities, including energy companies and energy supply companies, from the perspective of systems theory the process of transformation of the conventional system with the closed into the open.Gomogentnost elemental composition of the subjects of electric power to the top of the privatization done such a system provisionally closed, because state-owned enterprises, the founder of which was the State, in accordance with the peculiarities of the legal form of a state unitary enterprise, and management unit of the system - the Ministry of Energy and NERC formed in the electricity sector a unique mode of operation when a manager is the government, and performed functional tasks elements of the system, as the economic agents of the state, created and endowed with a special personality completely in order to perform its own functions and administrative decisions in the electricity market.Almost total change of the legal form of business entities - energy suppliers, and eventually the arrival of privatization processes in the sphere of electric power generation in the context of large-scale plans in accordance with the Energy Strategy for the further restructuring of electric power industry entities in the public joint stock company shall mean a qualitative transformation elemental composition of the electricity system.