Energy-saving Lamps Research Articles

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF LIGHT POLLUTION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The article deals with the quality of the light environment, the “light pollution” of cities, which creates visual discomfort and has a negative effect on human health and the environment. Indicators of discomfort and sources of light pollution are considered. Functional lighting of urban areas and spaces, architectural lighting of facades of buildings, structures, landscapes, illuminated advertising determine not only the visual character of many cities, but are also powerful sources of their light pollution.Effective distribution of light energy in the city is impossible without competent lighting solutions in the design of lighting installations of all types. For outdoor lighting, it is advisable to use energy-saving light sources and lamps of reflected light, as well as to reduce the cost of lighting at certain intervals.

Control Strategy for Solar Energy-Saving Lamps for Optimized Energy Utilization and Sustainability of Operation Durability: Indonesia Case

To solve the electrification ratio issue, the Indonesian government has promoted the use of solar energy-saving lamps. This study proposes a control strategy that adopts current reference time-based profiling for solar energy-saving lamps. For optimal energy consumption, the current reference profile is determined according to users’ daily energy requirements. From the aspect of user comfort, a gradual step reference profile is also introduced to provide a subtle change in lighting intensity level. The proposed control strategy can minimize energy consumption and optimize the operation durability of the system. The concept is verified by simulating four scenarios, the results of which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Computational simulation results indicate that Scenarios C and D which adopt the proposed time-based profiling can respectively reduce the daily energy consumption of the conventional control strategy by 47.14% and 39.79%, respectively. In terms of durability in providing electricity, both scenarios can continue to supply electrical power for two days without any solar irradiance. The proposed method can also improve customer service through the comfort provided in Scenario D.

Simulation study on performance optimization factors of inflatable cushion based on rigidity theory

In this study, we present the influencing factors and the specific degree of cushioning performance of the air column bag. We analyze and summarize the theory of air column bag rigidity and determine that the initial inflation pressure is the most important factor affecting the performance of the pad. Select an energy-saving lamp as the package, wrap it with an air column bag with different unique initial inflation pressure, and carry out drop simulation analysis and drop test on the package. It is found that the air pressure gradient defined in the test can effectively play a protective role; smaller initial inflation pressure can effectively prolong the buffer action time, and larger initial inflation pressure can effectively improve the cushion's absorption capacity of impact energy, but if the air pressure exceeds a certain range, it is counterproductive. A comprehensive comparison shows that taking 40 kPa as the initial inflation pressure may be the best cushioning effect. Finally, it provides reference suggestions for further accurate use and simulation research on air column bags.Article highlightsBased on the rigidity theory, the initial inflation pressure is the largest factor affecting the performance of an inflatable cushion.The gas–solid coupling of the pressure vessel is used to simulate the air column bag model.The energy absorption capacity of air column bag liner with different initial inflation pressure was studied.To achieve the best cushioning effect, the appropriate initial inflation pressure should be selected, and the larger the value, the better.

The role of consumer hope, positive emotional advertising, and multi-context numbers in developing purchase intention and word of mouth of eco-efficient product

The research investigates the impact of customer hope, positive emotional advertising, and multi-context number (MCN) brand strategy on purchase intention and word of mouth in the context of an eco-efficient product. This study uses a quantitative survey on an energy-saving lamp. The results indicated that consumer hope positively affects word-of-mouth; positive emotional advertising and multi-context numbers have a positive effect on purchase intentions. However, consumer hope has no impact on the intentions of purchase. This result is arising due to the consumer‘s skepticism. Positive emotional advertising also does not affect word of mouth. Meanwhile, the multi-context number does not affect word of mouth, which can explain the inability of consumers to explain the reasons for recommending brands to others. This study has implications for research in sustainability and the practice of developing new environmentally friendly products to encourage the increase of these product usages.

Module trainer of photovoltaic integrated low voltage grid (PV-LV grid) with a variety load

This research is a simulation of the penetration of renewable energy at the primary source. The entire system is a compound system, especially on the load. Load types provide different voltage and current treatment. The simulation is carried out with a mini-grid device consisting of five buses with interface sensors to monitor voltage and current. Photovoltaic grid module (PV)-LV as a trainer, uses two power sources to supply the load to the voltage distribution network module. The loading scenario h two plans, where the difference lies in the type of inductive load (scenario A) and capacitive (scenario B). The types of load consist of incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps, drilling machines, and soldering tools. Variations in this load to meet predetermined loading scenarios. The PV measurement results show maximum power generation at noon and flowed to the load trainer via a 300W grid-tie inverter of 191.1W. The average load bus voltage increases for scenario A and scenario B by 1.045% and 1.36%, respectively. The result indicates that the integration of PV in low voltage systems positively impacts the voltage profile for both inductive and capacitive loads. The amount of voltage improvement depends on the value of the active power injection of the PV and the load supplied by the system.

ANALISIS KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK UNTUK PENCAPAIAN EFISIENSI ENERGI DI KANTOR DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN TOJO UNA-UNA

Audit of Electrical Energy at the Regional House of Representatives of the Tojo Una-Una District is a comprehensive method in examining energy use in a building to find the value of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) and Energy Saving Opportunities (PHE) that can be obtained to reduce energy waste so that the consumption of electrical energy is more effective and efficient. The audit of Electrical Energy is carried out according to SNI 03-6196-2000 concerning Energy audit procedures in buildings and the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2012 concerning Savings Electricity Consumption. The results of the evaluation of the Energy Consumption Intensity Calculation conducted at the Office of the Regional House of Representatives of Tojo Una-Una District known that there are 16 rooms with the criteria for the Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) value, namely an office building with air conditioning has efficient enough 8 rooms, wasteful 3 rooms and based on office buildings without Air-conditioning is quite efficient in 3 rooms and wasteful in 2 rooms. The results of Energy Saving Opportunities (PHE) that have been identified by using air conditioning and energy-saving lamps, reducing hours of use without reducing the quality of service in the office can save electricity consumption of 2.339,5165 kWh/month or save electricity bill payments of IDR. 3.379.899,60/month.

Quantification of Peptide-Bound Particles: A Phage Mimicking Approach via Site-Selective Immobilization on Glass.

The increasing complexity and need of high-tech materials for modern electronics raise the demand for rare earth elements. While recycling rates are still negligible for most elements, geopolitical tensions, circular economy, and the aim for a carbon-neutral society put pressure on conventional supply strategies and emphasize the need for new ideas for recycling. Our research group works on the development of phage surface display (PSD)-derived peptide-based recycling methods for electronic waste. This study focuses on LaPO4:Ce,Tb (LAP), a component of electronic waste from compact energy-saving lamps containing rare earth element-enriched fluorescent powders. While free solution-phase peptides show little to no interaction with the target material, we re-enabled the binding capability by immobilizing them on various glass supports. We shine a spotlight on the transition from phage-bound to free peptides and present the first proof of successful peptide-LAP particle interactions of previously reported PSD-derived sequences. Therefore, we introduce a method to investigate peptide–particle–interactions qualitatively and quantitatively. Additionally, a calibration curve allowed the quantification of peptide-bound particles. Combined with the quantification of the immobilized peptide on the surface, it was possible to calculate a potential dosage of peptides for future recycling processes.

PENYULUHAN PENGGUNAAN LAMPU OTOMATIS BAGI MASYARAKAT

The need for electrical energy for lighting for the community is an important thing. However, people tend to pay less attention to the savings in the use of electrical energy for lighting in the house, both at night and during the day. When leaving the house empty, in general, the porch light is on all day and night. This is a common thing for the community, but they unconsciously waste the use of electrical energy which will cause an increase in electricity bill bills. To increase knowledge for the community about the importance of saving electrical energy, in this community service counselling will be carried out on saving electrical energy by using automatic, energy-saving lamps. Counselling is done by visiting people's homes to explain the benefits of saving electricity for them. Then distribute and install energy-saving lamps with light sensors. With this service, the community has been able to understand well the benefits of saving electrical energy for them. The use of energy-saving lamps with light sensors can help people to save on the use of electrical energy. With this counselling, the community can save electrical energy for lighting, where the porch light will turn on automatically in the afternoon and will turn off automatically in the morning

Utilization of Electronic Waste for Energy-saving Lamp Circuits

Indonesia is one of the largest electronic consumer countries in the world. The negative impact unless the increase in the use of electrical energy, there is also an increase in electronic waste or e-waste. If electronic waste (e-waste) is not managed properly, it will cause its own problems, especially environmental health problems. One alternative to overcome these problems is the use of e-waste as a raw material for a series of Waste-Based Energy Saving Lamps, abbreviated as SLHE BBL. This study aims to develop SLHE BBL prototypes base on electric and electronics waste, and test the performance of SLHE BBL prototypes. The SLHE BBL method developed by research and development adapted from Borg & Gall with the following stages: First, needs analysis and product planning; Second: Initial product development, validation and initial product revision. Third: Product development, testing, product revision. Fourth: Finalization dan Dissemination. The research instrument consisted of an observation sheet, luxmeter, voltmeter, ammeter, multimeter, watt meter. The collected data was then analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results of the research are as follows: 1) waste that can be recycled into raw materials for SLHE BBL include: resistors, capacitors, LED lights on computer mice or electronic component indicators, used goods casings, adapters, diodes, cables, TV’s control remote; 2) Electrical and mechanical design of SLHE BBL can be assembled into prototype of SLHE BBL; 3) The performance of the SLHE BBL prototype is that the lamp can be adjusted in colour and light intensity; the measured electrical parameters are within the range in accordance with the provisions of electrical standards such as Perasyaratan Umum Instalasi Lstrik (PUIL), International Electrical Commisionin (IEC), or National Electrical Code (NEC)

Simulation of passive filter design to reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in Energy-Saving Lamps (LHE) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

This paper discusses the design of a passive filter system for Energy-Saving Lamps (LHE) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED) using the MATLAB Simulink software. This type of lamp is a type of non-linear load that produces harmonics of current and voltage. However, this harmonic problem can be reduced using passive filters. To determine the size of the passive filter components, research was carried out in the form of measurements of power, power factor, voltage, current, THDi and THDv produced by the LHE and LED. The results of these measurements were simulated using MATLAB Simulink to determine the passive filter design that reduces the THD value on the LHE and LED. To reduce the level of current harmonics, a single tuned LC passive filter was designed. The filter, designed to work at a frequency of 50 Hz and is expected to reduce the level of harmonics in the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th harmonic orders so that the THD produced by LHE and LED meets the IEEE 519-2014 standards. The simulation results of single tuned LC passive filter design can reduce THDi by 46.78% from the initial THD of 84.55% so that it becomes 37.77%.

RANCANG BANGUN FILTER PASIF UNTUK MEREDUKSI TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) AKIBAT PEMAKAIAN LAMPU HEMAT ENERGI (LHE) DAN LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)

This paper discusses the design of a passive filter system for energy saving in Energy Saving Lamps (LHE) and Light Emitting Diode (LED), but for LHE and LED lamps for current Total Harmonic Distortion (THDi) that do not meet the standard. To reduce the current THD, it can be done by installing a single tune passive filter.””In this paper, we discuss the design of” a”passive filter system using a filter design with Matlab Simulink to determine the size of the components in filter design. To reduce the level of current harmonics, a single tune passive filter is designed which consists of an inductor and capacitor (LC) on the LHE and the LED.”Based on the research”data”that has been carried out,”the THDi measurement results for the lamp load test after using the filter are 49.12% for the LED circuit, 41.86% for the LHE circuit and 11.59% for the combined LED and LHE circuit.”Based on the results”of”each”measurement,”it can be seen that none have met the IEEE 519- 2014 standards. In this study, only using a filter tuned to the 3rd order, and based on the simulation results, it meets the IEEE 519-2014 standard, which is 1.11%.”The results of the design and testing of”tools (filters) show that they do not meet the IEEE 519-2014 standards, namely 11.59%.

Development of High Sensitivity Illuminance Meter for Measurements in Lighting Engineering and Photometry

Possible ways of solving the main problems arising in development, manufacture and calibration of high-sensitivity Illuminance meters are considered. Methods of reducing the lower limit of measurement of Illuminance to 10-5 lux are proposed. Errors of correcting light filters of different manufacturing methods are estimated. The calculations of measurement errors of illuminance from modern energy-saving lamps and LEDs are made.

INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY LITERACY, PRACTICES OF SAVING AND RATIONAL USE OF ELECTRICITY IN STUDENTS OF FIFTH GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS

The use of energy is one of the most important anthropogenic environmental issues of our century, as from its production, disposal and use there are many negative effects on the biotic and abiotic elements of the ecosphere. Reducing the environmental impact of the use of matter and energy is a key educational issue. Students are the future adult citizens, who will make decisions for themselves and their fellow human beings. For these key reasons, Primary Education plays an important role in raising environmental awareness and shaping the behaviours of critical children, who need to be oriented towards a sustainable future through their energy literacy, in the context of sustainability education. The purpose of this study is to capture and highlight the basic knowledge, perceptions and daily practical functions of children in the use of direct-visible or otherwise functional energy, which is perceived in children relatively easily, directly and quickly and then their correlation of the findings on the effectiveness of children's taught energy literacy in their school education. The sample of the study consisted of 132 students of 5th grade of 3 Primary Schools in the city of Rhodes. The data collection was done using a structured and anonymous questionnaire and the questions were mainly closed type. Issues of anonymity and ethics were observed. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS 25. The results of the study reveal lack of knowledge and misunderstandings in matters of forms and sources of energy, in the view of oil by several children wrongly as a Renewable Energy Source, in the knowledge of the unit of measurement of electricity, in the type of main energy sources in Greece and Solar energy as a form applied in Greece, a country with more than 300 days of sunshine per year. The concepts of energy efficiency and climate change also indicate the need for retraining, while carbon dioxide emissions are wrongly linked to the use of solar energy. Regarding the individual practices of energy austerity, saving and rational use of energy, they seem to be at a fairly satisfactory level compared to knowledge. In particular, children state that they reduce electricity as they turn off most electrical appliances after use, they turn off the lights in places they do not use while the use of energy-saving lamps seems to prevail. In cases where heating is needed due to cold weather, children state that they prefer to wear more clothes than to increase the heating degrees of the thermostat, while, when ventilating the premises, they turn off the heating (or cooling) sources, contributing significantly to the energy and environmental economy. Undoubtedly, there is still, albeit to a limited extent, the possibility of further improving them for a small number of students. The results briefly show significant misunderstandings in matters of knowledge and deficient energy behaviour regarding the use and reduction of energy by a small number of children. The need arises for the retraining of children in an active experiential way through well-designed Education and Sustainability Education programs, as the development of ecological awareness is an important educational goal for the formation of energetically literate students.

A facile hydrothermal synthesis of novel CeO2/CdSe and CeO2/CdTe Nanocomposites: Spectroscopic investigations for economically feasible photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye

The photocatalytic activity of CeO2 nanoparticles in the visible spectrum can be greatly improved via incorporating of narrow band gap semiconductors like CdSe and CdTe into CeO2 structure bringing out a new heterojunction structure to boost the visible-light absorption efficiency. Therefore, CeO2/CdSe and CeO2/CdTe nanocomposites were felicitously fabricated through a simple and effective hydrothermal route without using any expensive surfactant or capping agent keeping a molar ratio of 1:1:1 (Ce:Cd:Se/Te). The as-synthesized materials were identified utilizing different spectroscopic investigation techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Solid-state UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the semi-spherical structure of all as-synthesized samples with deposition of CdSe and CdTe particles on CeO2 surface leading to binary composites formation. The specific surface areas (BET) were explored to be 55.2 m2/g and 20.8 m2/g for CeO2/CdSe and CeO2/CdTe nanocomposites, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of CeO2/CdSe and CeO2/CdTe nanocomposites was tested under visible-light irradiation on an aqueous solution of Congo red (CR) dye using an energy-saving lamp (LED). The degree of degradation was monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy and verified by chemical oxygen demand (COD) studies. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CeO2/CdSe nanocomposite (97.3%) was about 3.5 times greater than of bare-CeO2 NPs (28.2%) within only 150 min of irradiation. Photo-induced electrons were found to be the primary active participating species that was verified using the relevant radical scavengers and a clear photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. The recycling test confirmed that CeO2/CdSe is a highly photostable catalyst with four-repeating cycles displaying degradation efficiencies, respectively, at 97.3%, 96.1%, 95.5% and 95.1%. The structural stability of the operated catalyst was confirmed by XRD studies.

Reactivity of substrates with multiple competitive reactive sites toward NBS under neat reaction conditions promoted by visible light

Regioselectivity of visible-light-induced transformations of a range of (hetero)aryl alkyl-substituted ketones bearing several competitive reactive sites (α-carbonyl, benzyl and aromatic ring) with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was studied under solvent-free reaction conditions (SFRC) and in the absence of inert-gas atmosphere, radical initiators and catalysts. An 8-W energy-saving household lamp was used for irradiation. Heterogeneous reaction conditions were dealt with throughout the study. All substrates were mono- or dibrominated at the α-carbonyl position, and additionally, some benzylic or aromatic bromination was observed in substrates with benzylic carbon atoms or electron-donating methoxy groups, respectively. Surprisingly, ipso-substitution of the acyl group with a bromine atom took place with (4-methoxynaphthyl) alkyl ketones. While the addition of the radical scavenger TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxy) decreased the extent of α- and ring bromination, it completely suppressed the benzylic bromination and α,α-dibromination with NBS under SFRC.

Use Of Electronic Keys To Increase Energy Savings Of Led Lights

In everyday life, all kinds of lamps illuminate our work and life, giving us night light. Today, LED lamps and energy-saving lamps are the most common on the market. However, with the development of social sciences and technology, human demand for quality of life is increasing and is gradually becoming more rational and energy efficient. Compared to energy-saving lamps, LED lamps have become a trend.

Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Energy Sector/Electricity Sub-Sector on Street Lighting (Case Study: Palembang City)

The greatest source of GHG emission from energy sector comes from fossil fuel combustion. According to PLN, 63.75% of electricity distribution in South Sumatra is derived from coal combustion. Coal is a non-renewable energy source and will deplete in a few decades. The research objective is solving problems related to energy efficiency and GHG emission reduction by reducing electricity consumption in street lighting sector. The research method was carried out through SPSS statistical analysis and LEAP analysis which had been justified based on observation on the survey results of 1,619 street lighting unit at four distribution areas of Palembang. The implementation of electrical energy efficiency is carried out by replacing Son T 250 W lamps into LED lamps with different power. The SPSS statistical analysis determines that 1,000-unit street lightstreet lighting require light intensity quality of 1,570 lux with correlation coefficient of 0.214. GHG mitigation was conducted in accordance with convenience and safety standards for road users in which energy efficiency from the replacement of 3,741-unit energy-saving lamps can reduce GHG emissions by 1,650.9138 tons of CO2e with benefit economic 2,911,481,740 rupiahs. In addition, based on LEAP analysis, if 8000 units of LED lamps replace Son T lamps, the electricity consumption of Street Lighting in 2030 will decrease with a projected efficiency of 17.48%.

Cultivation of Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Municipal Wastewater Using Monochromatic and White LED as Light Sources

In this study, the red LED with wavelength range of 625 ~ 627.5 nm and the blue LED with wavelength range of 464 ~ 467 nm are chosen as the light source in order to increase the lipid content of microalgae as well as to reduce the energy consumption. The highest lipid weight of Scenedesmus obliquus is achievedwith 5000lux light intensity, 12L:12D of photoperiod and blue continuous LED light which consuming 53.4 times less energy in term of the total lipid content per unit than that of tricolor energy-saving lamp. In addition, the highest biomass and lipid weight of Chlorella pyrenoidosa are achieved with 5000lux of light intensity, 8L:16D of photoperiod and red continuous LED light, which is 0.73 g/L and 0.552 g/L respectively. And it consumes 29.4 times less energy consumption for units of the total lipid content than that of tricolor energy-saving lamp. Furthermore, continuous LED light improves effect of municipal wastewater treatment as the better light source for Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa comparing with intermittent LED light.

Small area estimation with application to households with energy-saving lamps estimates in Java Island, Indonesia

An electricity outage hit Jakarta and some provinces on Java Island on Sunday, August 4, 2019. This blackout was the worst in many years. However, it gives positive effect that many people realize the importance of energy-saving. Since 2016, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesia has initiated the 10-percent Energy Saving National Movement in an effort to change the wasteful behavior of the Indonesian people in consuming energy. One effort to support this national movement is by using energy-saving lamps such as compact fluorescents (CFLs) and light-emitting-diodes (LEDs). CFLs and LEDs last longer and are significantly more efficient than incandescent lamps (ILs). In 2017, 92.49 percent of households in Indonesia stated that they use energy-saving lamps in their homes. However, only 70.02 percent of households stated to use energy saving lamps in all lamps installed in their homes. This indicator is calculated from the 2017 national socio economic survey-social resilience module (SSN17.HANSOS). However the SSN17.HANSOS can provide data only at the national and province levels owing to insufficient sample size. Small Area Estimation (SAE) method overcomes this problem and can produce reliable estimates for small domains. Due to the growing need for reliable and accurate estimates at district level, therefore this study aims to estimate the percentage of household that use energy-saving lamps in all lamps installed in their homes by district in Java Island using a SAE method. The result of the study can be used by local government for identifying districts in which the energy-saving programs need to be strengthened and monitoring improved.

Inventing in a Crisis: Lighting the United States after the 1973 Oil Embargo.

Political events can shape innovations. The 1973 oil embargo pushed the U.S. lighting industry to develop energy-saving lamps and designs. It led to federal mandates for lighting efficiency standards. This article examines changes in lighting system technology during the 1970s and 1980s in their historical context and describes their effect on subsequent public policy. At first, manufacturers introduced novel devices for diverse markets, depending on how much new research was required and whether they expected public demand for efficiency to be temporary or structural. The industry's design practices experienced a contentious cultural shift, in which energy efficiency became the dominant concern rather than a low priority. Post-embargo decisions by producers, conveyors, and consumers combined to shift path dependencies in lighting. They shaped subsequent market and regulatory actions that fed revolutionary changes in lighting in the 2010s.