Energy Resources In Iran Research Articles

Assessment of a cost-optimal power system fully based on renewable energy for Iran by 2050 – Achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions and overcoming the water crisis

Transition of Iran's power system from 2015 to 2050 through three scenarios was modelled. Two scenarios present a transition pathway towards a fully renewable run power system with different involved sectors (power only, power sector coupled with desalination and non-energetic gas sectors). The third scenario is based on the country's current policies. The energy model performs an hourly resolution to guarantee meeting energy demand for every hour of the whole year. It is found that renewable energy resources in Iran can satisfy 625 TWh of power sector demand in 2050. Further, it is technically and economically feasible that electricity demand for supplying 101 million m3 desalinated water and 249 TWhLHV synthetic natural gas for non-energetic industrial gas demand can be supplied via renewable resources. A 100% renewable power system with 54 €/MWhel levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) is more cost-effective than the current power system in Iran with 88.3 €/MWhel LCOE in 2015. LCOE of the system can decrease further and reach to 41.3 €/MWhel in 2050 via sector coupling. On the other hand, the current policies of the country lead to an inefficient power system with a LCOE of 128 €/MWhel and 188 Mt/a emitted CO2 in 2050.

Toward renewable and sustainable energies perspective in Iran

This paper investigates the potential of renewable energies utilization in detail through three in-house developed strategies to increase the renewable power generation share until the year 2050 assuming either an optimistic 100% or a practical 50% based on the national policies. Solar, wind, and waste energy are the most feasible alternative energy resources in Iran. In the first strategy, power plants are phased out according to their lifetime and replaced by renewable resources in 5-year time steps. The second strategy employs a 3% replacement rate to reach a 100% renewable power generation in 2050. In the third strategy, the national plan of the power ministry is utilized to adopt a more practical pathway for increasing the renewable power generation share up to 50%. Pollution and water shortage crises are also considered within the framework of this study. The following work can lay the foundation for future studies of its kind in Iran as well as other countries all over the world. Developing the presented results can lead to the practical implementation of the study, which will vastly benefit the residents. Moreover, it will provide a great investment opportunity for foreign and domestic companies working on the field.

Root barriers management in development of renewable energy resources in Iran: An interpretative structural modeling approach

Main advantages of renewable energies in economic development and environmental protection have resulted in an increase in the importance of using these energies in different countries. Therefore, to develop such technologies, it is essential to identify all the barriers hindering the development of renewable energy resources and propose scientific and practical solutions to alleviate them. In this study, the effort is to identify the root barriers in the development of wind and solar (renewable) energy resources in energy production sectors of Iran, considering the cause and effect relationships between the existing barriers. Not only barriers directly influence the non-development of renewable energy resources, but also they interact. It has been done by considering the literature review, experts' opinions, and interpretive structural modeling. Then, solutions are proposed to improve the current situation, and executive prioritization is obtained for a faster achievement of the ideal situation using an integrated approach based on the fuzzy cognitive map and slack-based data envelopment analysis. Finally, the effect of each improvement solution on the system's objectives is examined with regard to cause and effect relationships between the barriers.

The Role of Fossil Fuel (Oil and Gas) in the World Geopolitics of Energy (Case Study of Iran 2000-2015)

The energy plays a significant role in human life and almost it is not possible to continue the life without it. This is why energy has got a key role in our national and international policies and has shaped up patterns of rivalry, cooperation, conflict, violation, interaction, convergence, and divergence in the international arena and relations between countries and authorities. So, interestingly the sources of energy provision, energy corridors, consumer markets, energy trade, energy technology, and things like them increase in value. This study investigated energy resources in Iran and Middle East in library research method. In addition to have a unique geopolitical position, Iran is located in ellipse of energy and there is more than 70 percent of world resources of oil and 60 percent of world resources of gas in Iran. Also, Iran has located in the energy corridor of north to south and east to west and all of the ways pass through this wide country. Hence, it can pump money into the country not only by selling energy, but also with transmitting of energy and accordingly, it can evolve the country economy with a correct planning and engagement with countries.

Energy security and competition over energy resources in Iran and Caucasus region

Energy security as a dominant factor in international stability is of great importance for major economies. The global energy market with its current level of supply and demand relies on energy sources in the Middle East, Caucasus, Central Asia and Russia. After the Fukushima disaster nuclear powers in Europe view renewable energy sources as a serious alternative. Europe’s energy vulnerability has deteriorated due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. However, renewable energy sources are not large enough to replace nuclear power completely. This trend will continue with climbing demand especially in the natural gas sector as clean energy. In this research, Caucasus and Iran are considered the main sources and routes for energy transmission to the global market, including Europe. Caucasus plays a key role in bridging Europe and Asia. Also, Iran is an alternative for energy transmission to Europe after lifted sanctions. As part of the European active supply diversification policy Iran has capacity to reduce Europe’s energy dependency on Russia. However, changes in US new administration America First Policy is harmful for the EUs energy security. Caucasus aims to catch a large share of the European energy market since the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline has started operations and Iran is also trying to expand its market to become a sustainable source of energy for major consumers. Therefore, Iran and Caucasus are considered reliable energy suppliers for Europe. In this regard, we analyze the best motivation for changing the direction new suppliers’ energy policies towards Europe and suggest alternative solutions to compete with rival countries in order to enhance energy security.

Iran's oil development scenarios by 2025

Energy resources in Iran consist of the fourth largest oil reserves and the second largest natural gas reserves in the world. At present, due to political reasons, the investment trend does not go over well. Based on the Fifth Development Strategy, Iran needs $200 billion of investment in the country's first industry (i.e. oil), and given the objectives of the perspective document, the country needs more than $500 billion investment during the next 15 years. This paper examined Iran's energy status. Afterwards, oil future scenarios which developed by Research center of Iranian parliament, have been analyzed. Then four scenarios that express different modes of production and consumption are developed, namely: Thunder, Behemoth, Snowman, and Poor Addict. Finally, a comprehensive analysis for achieving the secure and sustainable future on the geopolitical, Geo-economic and Geo-cultural situation is presented.

Energy Consumption in Iran: Past Trends and Future Directions

Energy is one of the most significant presented factors in economic literature. Today, the consumption and efficiency of ener gy have affected all the economical and industrial activities. Our world is the world of economical and industrial development and the process of this development has even been accelerated through the recent decades. Considering the especial situation of I ran in the world and in the region as well, energy sector is more important in this country. The energy of Iran, as one of the most powerful import-export energy of the world, is very potent in the world economy. While Iran is benefited from energy exportation, it can also affect the economy of importer countries. Energy resources in Iran consist of the third largest oil reserves and the second largest natural gas reserves in the world. Iran is in a constant battle to use its energy resources more effec tively in the face of subsidization and the need for technological advances in energy exploration and production. The energy consumption in the country is extraordinarily higher than international standards. Iran recycles 28 percent of its used oil and gas where as the figure for certain countries stands at 60 percent. With an economy which is expected to maintain a rate of growth of 2 to 5 per cent for decades, Iran's role in the world energy market becomes increasingly influential. This makes it important to predict Iran's future demand and supply for energy. The objective of this paper is to apply the Bayesian vector autoregressive methodology to forecast Iran's energy consumption and to discuss potential implications. The slower growth reflects an expect ed slower economic growth and the decline in energy consumption due to structural changes in the Iran economy. Iran's dwindling crude oil production will also put pressure on the internal use of refined products, as consumption and exports come to vie f or the same barrel.

A fuzzy linear programming model for allocation of oil and gas resources in iran with the aim of reducing the greenhouse gases

Energy plays a key role in sustainable development. Formulation of an energy model will help in the proper allocation of available energy resources. The objective of this article is to allocate optimally to each end user a certain amount of energy to be supplied by a given resource in Iran to reduce greenhouse gases. For this purpose, energy demands of end users are forecasted, and the outcomes are used in a fuzzy linear programming model, which determines the best allocation of energy resources in Iran from 2012 to 2020. The result shows a large portion of crude oil and natural gas will be allocated for exports. Transportation sector will be the major consumer of the petroleum products. Higher amounts of natural gas compared with the petroleum products will be allocated to power plants. Moreover, a considerable portion of natural gas should be injected into the oil reservoirs. These analyses would provide scientific basis for the optimal allocation of energy resources in meeting the future energy demand in Iran. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 854–859, 2013

Long run energy demand in Iran: a scenario analysis

PurposeIran as an energy‐rich country faces many challenges in the optimal utilization of its vast resources. High rates of population and economic growth, a generous subsidies program, and poor resource management have contributed to rapidly growing energy consumption and high energy intensity over the past decades. The continuing trend of rising energy consumption will bring about new challenges as it will shrink oil export revenues, restraining economic activities. This calls for a study to explore alternative scenarios for the utilization of energy resources in Iran. The purpose of this paper is to model demand for energy in Iran and develop two business‐as‐usual and efficiency scenarios for the period 2005‐2030.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a techno‐economic or end‐use approach to model energy demand in Iran for different types of energy uses and energy carriers in all sectors of the economy and forecast it under two scenarios: business as usual (BAU) and efficiency.FindingsIran has a huge potential for energy savings. Specifically, under the efficiency scenario, Iran will be able to reduce its energy consumption 40 percent by 2030.The energy intensity can also be reduced by about 60 percent to a level lower than the world average today.Originality/valueThe paper presents a comprehensive study that models the Iranian energy demand in different sectors of the economy, using data at different aggregation levels and a techno‐economic end‐use approach to illuminate the future of energy demand under alternative scenarios.

Long Run Energy Demand in Iran: Efficiency and Renewable Energy Scenarios

Iran as an energy-rich country faces many challenges in optimal utilization of its vast resources. High population and economic growth, generous subsidies program, and poor resource management have contributed to rapidly growing energy consumption and high energy intensity for the past decades. The continuing trend of energy consumption will bring about new challenges as it will shrink oil exports revenues restraining economic activities and lowering standard of living. This study intends to tackle some of the important challenges in the energy sector and to explore alternative scenarios for utilization of energy resources in Iran for the period 2005-2030. We use techo-economic or end-use approach along with econometric methods to model energy demand in Iran for different types (fuel, natural gas, electricity, and renewable energy) in all sectors of the economy (household, industry, transport, power plants, and others) and forecast it under three scenarios: Business As Usual (BAU), Efficiency, and Renewable Energy. This study is the first comprehensive study that models the Iranian energy demand using the data at different aggregation levels and a combination of methods to illuminate the future of energy demand under alternative scenarios. The results of the study have great policy implications as they indicate a huge potential for energy conservation and therefore additional revenues and emission reduction under the efficiency scenario compared with the base scenario. Specifically, the total final energy demand under the BAU scenario will grow on average by 2.6 percent per year reaching twice the level as that in 2005. In contrast, the total final energy demand in the Efficiency scenario will only grow by 0.4 percent on average per year. The average growth of energy demand under the combined Efficiency and Renewable Energy scenarios will be 0.2 percent per year. In the BAU scenario, energy intensity will be reduced by about 30 percent by 2030, but will still be above today's world average. In the Efficiency scenario, however, energy intensity will decline by about 60 percent by 2030 to a level lower than the world average today. The energy savings under the Efficiency and Renewable scenarios will generate significant additional revenues and will lead to 45 percent reduction in CO2-emissions by 2030 as compared to the BAU trends.

An analysis to energy consumption rate in road transportation sector of Iran and introduction policies of fuel consumption management in recent years

According to abundance of energy resources in Iran, fuel consumption has risen to high levels in recent years turning into a dominant concern for the government forcing it to speculate on new approaches for reduction of it. One of the major policies is the policy of fuel management which has led to implementation of diverse plans and actions. In this paper, the intention is analyze energy consumption rate in transportation sector of Iran and introduce the strategies devised to reduce it. The methods of implementation of these policies arising from these policies along with the achievements have also been introduced and analyzed.