Energy Regulation Research Articles

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Thermal and Force Regulation Mechanism of Bypass Coupling Double-Sided Arc Welding Based on 6061 Aluminum Alloy

In this study, 6061 aluminum alloy was proposed for welding using bypass coupling double-sided arc welding (BCO-DASW) to further improve its welding quality and efficiency. To gain insight into the thermal and force regulation mechanism of the BCO-DASW of 6061 aluminum alloy, the dynamic effects of the high-temperature plasma inside the arc with various parameters were fully compared and investigated through the combined method of the physical experiment and the numerical simulation. The thermal flow field of the hybrid arc was analyzed numerically. Furthermore, its working adaptability and mechanical behaviors were studied experimentally. The results show that a single penetration of the 6 mm sheets can be achieved without visible defects when the center offset of the arcs is within 3 mm on both sides of the base metal during BCO-DASW. Through the thermal analysis, it was found that, compared with the MIG process, the introduction of the bypass arc lead to a temperature decrease at the bottom of the hybrid arc due to energy redistribution. Furthermore, through the kinetic analysis, it was found that not only could the level of arc pressure be reduced, but also the action range of the arc pressure could be regulated up to 4.6 mm. The thermal force regulation mechanism worked together to enhance the stability of the molten pool and achieves good joint strength during the BCO-DASW of 6061 aluminum alloy. This research not only has great significance in further improving the welding quality and efficiency of aluminum alloy, but also deeper understanding of the energy regulation mechanism during aluminum alloy welding.

Development and validation of machine learning-augmented algorithm for insulin sensitivity assessment in the community and primary care settings: a population-based study in China.

Insulin plays a central role in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance (IR) is widely considered as the "common soil" of a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders. Assessment of insulin sensitivity is very important in preventing and treating IR-related disease. This study aims to develop and validate machine learning (ML)-augmented algorithms for insulin sensitivity assessment in the community and primary care settings. We analyzed the data of 9358 participants over 40 years old who participated in the population-based cohort of the Hubei center of the REACTION study (Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals). Three non-ensemble algorithms and four ensemble algorithms were used to develop the models with 70 non-laboratory variables for the community and 87 (70 non-laboratory and 17 laboratory) variables for the primary care settings to screen the classifier of the state-of-the-art. The models with the best performance were further streamlined using top-ranked 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, and 20 features. Performances of these ML models were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR), and the Brier score. The Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) analysis was employed to evaluate the importance of features and interpret the models. The LightGBM models developed for the community (AUROC 0.794, AUPR 0.575, Brier score 0.145) and primary care settings (AUROC 0.867, AUPR 0.705, Brier score 0.119) achieved higher performance than the models constructed by the other six algorithms. The streamlined LightGBM models for the community (AUROC 0.791, AUPR 0.563, Brier score 0.146) and primary care settings (AUROC 0.863, AUPR 0.692, Brier score 0.124) using the 20 top-ranked variables also showed excellent performance. SHAP analysis indicated that the top-ranked features included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), gender, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), the number of daughters born, resting pulse rate (RPR), etc. The ML models using the LightGBM algorithm are efficient to predict insulin sensitivity in the community and primary care settings accurately and might potentially become an efficient and practical tool for insulin sensitivity assessment in these settings.

Integrated Interactive Control of Distribution Systems with Multi-Building Microgrids Based on Game Theory

In the transactional processes within a multi-building microgrid system, it is imperative to safeguard stakeholders’ interests and ensure stable, economically efficient operation. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrated interactive control of distribution systems with multi-building microgrids based on game theory. Initially, an interactive framework encompassing superior power grids, distribution network operators, and multi-building microgrids is proposed. This framework establishes a master–slave game model between distribution network operators and multi-building microgrids. Additionally, it introduces the concept of Soft Open Points between building microgrids to enhance system operational safety while also reducing economic costs for distribution network operators. Subsequently, to maintain solution accuracy and optimality, it employs linearization and cone relaxation methods to transform the original model into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model. Furthermore, it enhances an iterative search method and the price mechanism based on supply and demand ratios. The revised price mechanism serves to boost the participation of building microgrid users in energy regulation, while the iterative search method effectively resolves the equilibrium point of interest among all game participants. Finally, a simulation analysis is conducted on an IEEE-33 test system, and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by comparing three schemes.

Combined pesticides in field doses weaken honey bee (Apis cerana F.) flight ability and analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics

Imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and glyphosate rank among the most extensively employed pesticides worldwide. The effects of these pesticides and their combined on the flight capability of Apis cerana, and the potential underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. To investigate these effects, we carried out flight mill, transcriptome, and metabolome experiments. Our findings reveal that individual acute oral treatments with pesticides, specifically 20 μL of 10 ng/g imidacloprid (0.2 ng per bee), 30 ng/g chlorpyrifos (0.6 ng per bee), and 60 ng/g glyphosate (1.2 ng per bee), did not impact the flight capability of the bees. However, when bees were exposed to a combination of two or three pesticides, a notable reduction in flight duration and distance was observed. In the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we identified 307 transcripts and 17 metabolites that exhibited differential expression following exposure to combined pesticides, primarily associated with metabolic pathways involved in energy regulation. Our results illuminate the intricate effects and potential hazards posed by combined pesticide exposures on bee behavior. These findings offer valuable insights into the synergistic potential of pesticide combinations and their capacity to impair bee behavior. Understanding these complex interactions is essential for comprehending the broader consequences of pesticide formulations on honey bee populations.

Effect of flyash addition to flocculation and freezing and thawing treatment on consolidation of oil sands fluid fine tailings

The total volume of fluid fine tailings (FFT), reached 1,270 Mm3 in 2019. Extensive research is underway by a number of operators to develop dewatering technologies for oil sand tailings reclamation to comply with Directive 085 issued by the Alberta Energy Regulator. A promising technology for the disposal of FFT is to add flocculents and then use thickeners or centrifuges to decrease the water content. Following this treatment, freezing/thawing processes can then be utilized to further dewater the tailings. The effect of flocculation/flyash addition and thickening coupled with freezing/thawing treatments on FFT was investigated by performing large-strain consolidation and shear strength tests on the treated flocculated TTs. It was found that flocculation and thickening treatment increases the hydraulic conductivity of the treated TT which will result in the TT consolidating much faster than the untreated TT. The most important benefit of the flyash addition is the increase in shear strength and hydraulic conductivity of the flyash-treated TTs. The benefit of the freezing/thawing treatment processes coupled with flyash treatment is the increase in the compressibility and hydraulic conductivity at effective stresses lower than 100 kPa and void ratios greater than 1.2, respectively. This will facilitate earlier progressive reclamation required to support hydraulic sand capping.

Regulation of sirt1 and foxO1 in glucose metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala

Both silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (sirt1) and forkhead box transcription factor 1 (foxO1) are crucial transcription factors involved in glucolipid metabolism and energy regulation. The presnt study aimed to understand their regulatory roles in glucose metabolism. Molecular cloning and sequencing of sirt1 gene of Megalobrama amblycephala (masirt1) was conducted and cellular localization of both the factors were analysed. Their effects and action patterns in the glucose metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala (M. amblycephala) were investigated through acute and long-term glucose tolerance assays. The results revealed that the full-length masirt1 cDNA sequence was 2350 bp and closely related to Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous. Sirt1 and foxO1 were found to be mutually dependent and localized in the nucleus. Acute glucose tolerance tests revealed that the expression levels of both factors in the liver of M. amblycephala showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. Plasma glucose levels in M. amblycephala significantly increased at 2 and 12 h (P < 0.05). In a long-term breeding experiment with high-sugar feeding, the expressions of the sirt1 and foxO1 genes in the kidney and intestine of M. amblycephala exhibited synergistic changes. The 51WS groups had significantly higher levels of sirt1 and foxO1 gene expression in the kidney and intestine compared to the 0WS and 17WS groups (P < 0.05). Overall, masirt1 is evolutionarily highly conserved, and the interaction site of sirt1 and foxO1 is located in the nucleus. In long-term hyperglycemic regulation, sirt1 and foxO1 exhibit synergistic regulatory effects in the kidney and intestine of M. amblycephala. This study provides insights into how sirt1 and foxO1 regulate glucose metabolism in M. amblycephala.

Residential heating, fuelwood demand and tree species: Implications for native forests in the South of Chile

This study compares revealed versus stated household fuelwood preferences for particular tree species, explores the underlying factors, and discusses the implications for native forests. We used a cross-sectional survey of over 550 fuelwood consumers spanning rural areas to small, medium and large cities in the Los Lagos region of Chile conducted in 2020. We employed the Generalized Ordered Logit Model (GOLOGIT) and Multinomial Logit Model of household choice of major tree species for fuelwood. Our results show a significant misalignment between revealed and stated tree species preferences. Household tree species preferences for fuelwood is determined by fuel-value index (FVI), household expenditure, awareness of the relationship between fuelwood production and deforestation, and spatial heterogeneity. Household expenditure, as a proxy of family income, leads to selection of higher FVI tree species, though it is dependent on forest location and accessibility as well. As particular native species are those with high FVI, this implies a possible relationship between household income and native forest degradation that needs to be further explored. At the same time, awareness of deforestation is correlated with households buying the more abundant but less preferred species of fuelwood. These results point to potential impacts on native forests in Southern Chile, which will vary according to tree species´ ecological characteristics, their regeneration potential, and harvesting methods used. Current policies incentivizing better thermal insulation of homes would allow people to use more abundant non-preferred tree species for fuelwood. These findings point to a need for continued research on how improved energy and forestry regulations can support more sustainable fuelwood consumption decisions within local fuelwood markets and better assessments of forest impacts of such policies.

Stakeholders' awareness of urban form effects on rooftop solar photovoltaic in Ghana: Implications for integrated solar energy and urban planning

Integrating solar energy considerations into urban planning practices, a socio-technical and multi-stakeholder approach known as solar urban planning, is essential for maximizing solar photovoltaic (PV) potential in the built environment. While the need for such an approach is articulated in solar energy studies and urban planning, very few research explore the extent to which key stakeholders critical to this process are aware of the connections between urban form and rooftop solar PV and its implication for solar urban planning. This study examines stakeholders' awareness of the effects of selected urban form attributes on residential rooftop solar PV and its implications for solar urban planning in Ghana. Primary data were collected using surveys and interviews of households, real estate developers, licensed solar home system (SHS) installation companies, and government agencies responsible for energy and urban planning. SHS installation companies affirmed that buildings' roof type and shape, roofing material, the height of neighboring buildings, and the trees' position significantly affect rooftop solar PV installation and performance in Ghana. However, households have a low awareness of how these urban form attributes affect rooftop solar PV. Despite the affirmed effects of urban form on rooftop PV, current planning legislations do not necessitate considering such systems in preparing urban and building plans. A robust institutional collaboration is necessary among urban planning authorities, energy regulators, and real estate developers to develop effective strategies for solar urban planning in Ghana.

Audit Energi Untuk Pencapaian Penghematan Penggunaan Energi Pada Bangunan Gedung Perkantoran

In line with the concept of environmentally friendly national development, every commercial and industrial activity must be committed to preserving the environment. This is in accordance with Law no. Regulation Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Referring to Law No.30 of 2007 concerning Energy, which was then followed up with Government Regulation No.33 of 2023 concerning Energy conservation which requires energy users above TOE to carry out Energy conservation by conducting periodic Energy Audits of Lighting Systems and Air Conditioning Systems . This research conducted an audit of lighting and air conditioning systems by collecting data on lighting intensity, temperature and humidity in each room in the office from 08.00 – 17.00 using a lux meter measuring instrument, then the results were analyzed by referring to the Indonesian National Standards (SNI) regarding lighting and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 13 of 2012 concerning Saving on Electricity Use. The use of electrical energy in the office work environment is still not optimal and even though the density value is satisfactory, the lighting level in the office still has rooms that do not meet SNI standards. Apart from that, the use of electrical energy for the air conditioning system is also considered insufficient so several recommendations need to be made

Biochemical and proteomic response of the freshwater green alga Pseudochlorella pringsheimii to iron and salinity stressors

BackgroundPseudochlorella pringsheimii (Ppr) is a green unicellular alga rich with chlorophyll, carotenoids, and antioxidants. As a widespread organism, Ppr must face, and adapt to, many environmental stresses and these are becoming more frequent and more extreme under the conditions of climate change. We therefore focused on salinity induced by NaCl and iron (Fe) variation stresses, which are commonly encountered by algae in their natural environment.ResultsThe relatively low stress levels improved the biomass, growth rate, and biochemical components of Ppr. In addition, the radical-scavenging activity, reducing power, and chelating activity were stimulated by lower iron concentrations and all NaCl concentrations. We believe that the alga has adapted to the stressors by increasing certain biomolecules such as carotenoids, phenolics, proteins, and carbohydrates. These act as antioxidants and osmoregulators to protect cell membranes and other cellular components from the harmful effects of ions. We have used SDS-PAGE and 2D-PAGE in combination with tandem mass spectrometry to identify responsive proteins in the proteomes of stressed vs. non-stressed Ppr. The results of 2D-PAGE analysis showed a total of 67 differentially expressed proteins, and SDS-PAGE identified 559 peptides corresponding to 77 proteins. Of these, 15, 8, and 17 peptides were uniquely identified only under the control, iron, and salinity treatments, respectively. The peptides were classified into 12 functional categories: energy metabolism (the most notable proteins), carbohydrate metabolism, regulation, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, stress proteins, oxido-reductase proteins, transfer proteins, ribonucleic-associated proteins, hypothetical proteins, and unknown proteins. The number of identified peptides was higher under salinity stress compared to iron stress.ConclusionsA proposed mechanism for the adaptation of Ppr to stress is discussed based on the collected data. This data could serve as reference material for algal proteomics and the mechanisms involved in mediating stress tolerance.

GLP-1 Receptor Signaling Has Different Effects on the Perikarya and Axons of the Hypophysiotropic Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Synthesizing Neurons in Male Mice.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. As GLP-1 has similar effects on the energy homeostasis as the hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons that regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, we raised the possibility that the TRH neurons are involved in the mediation of the effects of GLP-1. Therefore, the relationship and interaction of the GLP-1 system and the TRH neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were studied. Methods: To examine the anatomical and functional relationship of TRH neurons and the GLP-1 system in the PVN, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology, metabolic phenotyping, and explant experiments were performed. Results: Our data demonstrate that the TRH neurons of the PVN are innervated by GLP-1 producing neurons and express the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). However, not only do the GLP-1-innervated TRH neurons express GLP-1R but the receptor is also present in the axons of the hypophysiotropic TRH neurons in the blood-brain barrier free median eminence (ME) suggesting that peripherally derived GLP-1 may also influence the TRH neurons. In vitro, GLP-1 increased the firing rate of TRH neurons and depolarized them. In addition, GLP-1 directly stimulated the GABAergic input of a population of TRH neurons. Furthermore, GLP-1 inhibited the release of TRH from the hypophysiotropic axons in the ME. In vivo, peripheral GLP-1R agonist administration markedly inhibited the food intake and the energy expenditure, but had no effect on the TRH expression in the PVN and resulted in lower circulating free T4 levels. Conclusions: Our results indicate that GLP-1R activation has a direct stimulatory effect on TRH neurons in the PVN, but the activation of GLP-1R may also inhibit TRH neurons by facilitating their inhibitory inputs or by inhibiting the axon terminals of these cells in the ME. The innervation of TRH neurons by GLP-1 neurons suggests that TRH neurons might be influenced by both circulating GLP-1 and by GLP-1 neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii. The lack of GLP-1R agonist-induced regulation of TRH neurons in vivo suggests that the HPT axis does not mediate the GLP-1R agonist-induced weight loss.

Exploring the potential and limits of digital tools for inclusive regulatory engagement with citizens

Over the past decade, independent regulatory agencies like competition authorities, water and energy regulators have increasingly turned to citizen engagement, including via digital channels. In this study, we seek to shed light on the potential and limits of economic regulators' digital engagement with citizens, compared to traditional, non-digital equivalents. More specifically, we analyse the costs and benefits of four prominent (digital) engagement tools in relation to inclusion, focusing on three key challenges for inclusive citizen engagement: (i) access, (ii) accessible information, and (iii) support in making contributions. Furthermore, we assess the technical, social, and organisational conditions under which the use of the tools can be more inclusive. We conclude that ‘turning digital’ has important advantages for inclusive regulatory engagement but is no panacea. Yet, whilst some challenges cannot be unilaterally tackled by regulators, there is considerable room for these organisations to raise the inclusiveness of their engagement, both by combining tools and modes of engagement, and by expanding their toolbox.

Optimal power flow research of AC–DC hybrid grid with multiple energy routers

AC/DC hybrid grids are the future development trends of grids, and energy routers (ERs) can play key roles in controlling power flow, realizing the regulation of electric energy and improving power quality in the grids. At present, there have been many studies on the structure and control strategy of ERs, but only a few studies are on the power flow distribution and optimization of AC/DC hybrid grids with ERs. To enhance the efficacy of ERs in system-wide regulation and operational optimization, a multi-objective optimal power flow model is formulated for AC–DC hybrid systems with multiple ERs. In order to make ERs play a better role in overall regulation and operation optimization, the multi-objective optimal power flow model of AC–DC hybrid system with multi-ERS is established based on Newton–Raphson method (NR) and alternating iteration method with power consumption and voltage deviation as optimization objectives. The multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is used to optimize the model, and a smoother Pareto solution set is obtained compared with multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Then, fuzzy membership method is used to make compromise decision on the Pareto solution set to obtain the optimal compromise solution. Simulation and analysis on an enhanced IEEE 69 bus system verifies the validity of the model. In addition, the results obtained from the compromise solution are compared with the optimization results of MOPF obtained by MOPSO and that of single-objective power flow (SOPF) obtained by Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO) in the same system. It is proved that the optimization model established can achieve the optimization objectives of reducing voltage deviation and power loss simultaneously to improve the overall performance of the system and optimize the operation state of the system.

Overlapping action of melatonin and female reproductive hormones-Understand the impact in pregnancy and menopause.

Melatonin is an indolamine secreted to circulation by the pineal gland according to a circadian rhythm. Melatonin levels are higher during nighttime, and the principal function of this hormone is to organize the temporal night and day distribution of physiological adaptive processes. Besides hormonal pineal production, melatonin is synthesized in various organs and tissues like the ovaries or the placenta for local utilization. In addition to its function as a circadian messenger, melatonin is also associated with many physiological functions. For example, melatonin has antioxidant properties and is involved in the regulation of energy and bone metabolism, and reproduction. Melatonin impacts several stages of reproduction and the action across the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis is well described. However, it is not well understood how those actions impact the female reproductive hormones secretion nor the consequent physiological outcomes. Thus, the first part of this chapter describes the regulation of female reproductive hormone synthesis by melatonin. Moreover, melatonin and female reproductive hormones have coincident physiological functions. Life stages like pregnancy or menopause are characterized by alterations in the reproductive hormones secretion that may be associated with certain physiological stages. Therefore, the second part discusses whether melatonin fluctuations could have an overlapping role with reproductive hormones in contributing to clinical outcomes associated with pregnancy and menopause.

Non-explosive mechanized and intelligent mining/heading in underground mine

The non-explosive mechanized mining and heading is an alternative approach to traditional drilling and blasting method for excavating the deep hard rock, the intellectualized upgrade of which includes smart perception, wise decision and intelligent control. Based on the comprehensive analyses for two key problems (rock breakage and rock stability) and three key factors (environmental conditions, rock properties and excavation parameters), the process of non-explosive mechanized and intelligent mining and heading was established, which included in-situ monitoring, cuttability improvement, intelligent control and performance evaluation to achieve mechanization, automation and unmanned fully-automation for equipment, continuation, refinement and collaboration for process, and informatization, digitization and smartization for management. In addition, the PDCA (Plan−Do−Check−Adjust) cycle and its associated sub-cycles were established to manage the process of non-explosive mechanized and intelligent mining and heading. Through the cyclic managements for deep high stress induced utilization and energy regulation, mutagenesis modification for risk reduction and cuttability improvement of hard rock, and multi-source rock breakage, the safe and efficient mining and heading in underground mine can be achieved.

Real-time power quality enhancement in smart grids through IoT and adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems

To tackle the challenge of improving Power Quality (PQ) in modern power grids, we introduce an innovative Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Grid (SG) energy surveillance system. Our research is driven by the necessity to enhance power quality and optimize energy management in increasingly complex grids that incorporate renewable energy sources like Solar PV and Wind Generating Systems. Traditional methods for managing power quality often fall short, resulting in inefficiencies and potential disruptions. Our solution features an advanced IoT-based system that utilizes the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), combining Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic Systems to enhance power distribution and control. This system uses a Wireless Sensor Network for real-time data collection and analysis, allowing for precise monitoring of electricity usage and improved energy management and cost reduction. Our findings indicate that this innovative approach not only boosts power quality but also significantly enhances the efficiency of renewable energy sources, showing a 20.50% performance increase during the startup phase of Solar PV-Wind Generating Systems. This highlights the system’s potential to advance power quality management and provide substantial benefits in energy regulation and cost efficiency.

The role of the adenylate kinase 5 gene in various diseases and cancer

Abstract Adenylate kinases (AKs) are important enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism. Among AKs, AK5 (adenylate kinase 5), a cytosolic protein, is emerging as a significant contributor to various diseases and cellular processes. This comprehensive review integrates findings from various research groups on AK5 since its discovery, shedding light on its multifaceted roles in nucleotide metabolism, energy regulation, and cellular differentiation. We investigate its implications in a spectrum of diseases, including autoimmune encephalitis, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, diabetes, lower extremity arterial disease, celiac disease, and various cancers. Notably, AK5’s expression levels and methylation status have been associated with cancer progression and patient outcomes, indicating its potential as a prognostic indicator. Furthermore, AK5 is implicated in regulating cellular processes in breast cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal carcinoma, prostate cancer, and colon adenocarcinoma, suggesting its relevance across different cancer types. However, a limitation lies in the need for more robust clinical validation and a deeper understanding of AK5’s precise mechanisms in disease pathogenesis, despite its association with various pathophysiological conditions. Nonetheless, AK5 holds promise as a therapeutic target, with emerging evidence suggesting its potential in therapy development.

Соціальна відповідальність у сфері енергетики в інтересах розвитку розподіленої генерації та суспільної стабільності

The essence and content of the processes of ensuring social responsibility by entities managing distributed generation, energy business corporations and joint-stock companies and energy regulators are defined and detailed. This made it possible to classify the main types of social responsibility and to formulate the target tasks of energy market participants. A complex of technical and technological procedures and means of coordination of the processes of ensuring the stability of the functioning of the national energy system is proposed for use in order to harmonize the volumes and modes of electricity supply to the network from distributed generation and energy business corporations and joint-stock companies. It includes: smart power system management systems; smart energy management systems; demand forecasting methods; network integration devices; technologies of energy storage and accumulation; remote monitoring and control technologies used by operators; standardization of activities and ensuring mutual compatibility of technologies; development and implementation of contingency plans and emergency scenarios to eliminate violations of energy supply regimes. For public administration entities and regulators in the performance of social responsibility functions and effective control over the activities of economic entities, it is recommended: a) to conduct an analysis of the activities of managers, an assessment of their compliance with the assigned tasks; b) clarify the responsibility of managers; c) approve reporting systems; d) determine rewards and amounts of punishment; e) engage independent experts or audit firms to evaluate activities; g) adapt the existing system of discussion and feedback; h) exercise public pressure and public reaction. The author's work made it possible to develop and propose for use a five-stage Algorithm of management actions for the coordination of the processes of ensuring the stability of the functioning of the national energy system with the rationalization and coordination of the compatibility of volumes and modes of supply to the electricity network from distributed generation enterprises and energy business corporations and joint-stock companies. Within its limits, a number of target tasks are formulated and the deadlines for those responsible for their implementation are determined.

Proton Magnetic Spectroscopy in Diabetic Brain: A Comprehensive Review

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is on the rise making it a major concern for global health. DM can be classified into type 1 or type 2, and both can lead to changes in brain metabolites. These can result in serious complications like cognitive decline, particularly if not managed properly by diabetic patients. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that allows us to study the brain metabolite levels. The present review utilises available Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data to understand how brain metabolites are affected in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Research shows that in individuals with diabetes, there are changes in important brain chemicals such as creatine (Cr), N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), Myo-Inositol (MI), choline (Cho), glutamate, and glutamine. A consistent finding across multiple studies showed a reduction in NAA levels, which is a key indicator of brain neuron health. This suggests that diabetes negatively impacts the function of neurons in the brain. Changes were seen in other metabolites indicating potential disruptions in energy regulation and membrane function. This review concludes that alterations in brain metabolites as measured using MRS, could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for tracking the progression of DM and its related complications

From Gymnastics to Virtual Nonholonomic Constraints: Energy Injection, Dissipation, and Regulation for the Acrobot

From Gymnastics to Virtual Nonholonomic Constraints: Energy Injection, Dissipation, and Regulation for the Acrobot