Energy Recovery Technique Research Articles

Experimental Analysis of Energy Recovery from an Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Using Rankine Cycle

For many decades all major conservation bodies have realized the need to conserve our valuable fuel and power sources. The increased level of consumption of fuel and power results in carbon-di-oxide emissions to environment which results in the depletion of ozone layer leading to global warming. As a result, many ways of utilizing renewable fuel and power sources are developing with solar energy and waste heat recovery applications. Most of the process and industries have large capacity Diesel Generating (DG) set. The exhaust gas of such a DG set carries a lot of heat and it goes waste if it is not utilized properly. Energy recovery from engine exhaust is one of the energy saving methods in engines. By using energy recovery techniques, waste heat energy can be saved, emissions can be reduced and thermal efficiency of the engine is increased. This paper discusses about the exhaust gas energy recovery from engine exhaust using Rankine cycle and thermodynamic properties of the working fluids. The heat energy recovered from the engine exhaust can be utilized for various sources.

Building a Better Bicycle: A Hydraulic Vehicle with Optimal Energy Utilization and Recovery Techniques

Green technology is one of the biggest demands in industry today, as energy and environmental crises pose a major threat to humankind. The objective of this research is to formulate a viable and economically feasible solution for the next generation of human-powered green energy vehicles, with energy storage and recovery system. A relatively simple concept of hydrostatic transmission based on a pump and motor was used. Accumulators controlled by electrohydraulic valves were used for energy storage and recovery purposes. Simulations created from the multi-domain simulation software AMESim were used to validate the sizing of the hydraulic components and the performance of the transmission system. An electronic control system was also designed to control the electrohydraulic components. A bicycle used to test the hydraulic transmission was able to reach a maximum speed of 20 mph. It could store energy and reuse it when required. A regenerative system that uses braking to store energy was also successfully tested. Overall, the concept of an efficient, human-powered hydraulic vehicle is mechanically possible, and achieving economic feasibility is a topic for further investigation. In conclusion, hydraulic transmission has great potential not only for human powered vehicles, but also for other vehicles in the near future.

Direct sewage up-concentration by submerged aerated and vibrated membranes

Membrane filtration is a promising technology for realising the so-called ZeroWasteWater concept, i.e. the wastewater can be up-concentrated and the retentate can sequentially be sent to a bioreactor (e.g., for energy production) while the permeate is aimed for reuse. In the present study, aerated and novel vibrated membrane filtration systems were evaluated as possible techniques for both energy and water recovery through the up-concentration of sewage from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The lab-scale experiments proved the clear advantage of vibrated membrane filtration over the aerated system, considering both the filtration performance (fouling control) and energy usage. Both microfiltration systems were found efficient in up-concentrating the COD, but not the nitrogen nor the phosphorus. The semi-continuous pilot-scale experiment could not confirm the usefulness of the process which was due to both fast in situ microbial COD degradation and fast particulate COD settling in the feed tank.

Flue gas purification and heat recovery: A biomass fired boiler supplied with an open absorption system

A new technique for energy recovery combined with particle separation from flue gas has been tested in this project. A conventional small boiler for biofuel produces besides heat also particles to the environment through the flue gas. Decreasing the impact on the environment is desirable. Increased efficiency can be obtained if the temperature and water content of the flue gas can be further reduced. Installing an open absorption system in the heat production unit fulfils both these demands. An experimental unit has been built and tested in the last 2years. The results show a reduction of particles in the flue gas by 33–44% compared to the ordinary system. At the same time the heat production from the unit increased by 40% when fired with wet biofuels.

Progress in Research of Comprehensive Utilization of Nonmetallic Materials from Waste Printed Circuit Boards

Abstract The progress in current research in and abroad on recycling and reuse of nonmetallic materials from waste circuit boards was introduced, and technical principle and research situation of tradition techniques adopted for resource modification, including energy recovery techniques, solution recovery techniques, supercritical techniques, physical recovery techniques and pyrolysis techniques were discussed in details in this paper. And finally, it is concluded that comprehensive use of various methods is the tendency for recycling non-materials from waste circuit boards after exploring disadvantages and advantages of these five approaches.

A High Intensity Linear [formula omitted] Collider for a Tau-Charm Factory

A new high intensity e + e − linear collider serving as tau-charm factory is proposed. The design luminosity is 10 35 cm −2 s −1 for center of mass energies of s = 1–5 GeV in the resonance region of Ψ vector mesons and in the region of maximum cross section for tau pair production. This new facility would provide about 1011 tau lepton pairs per year enabling precision studies of τ leptons and searches for rare τ decays with unprecedented sensitivity. Implications on the design of the linear accelerator are discussed together with requirements to achieve luminosities of 10 35 cm −2 s −1 or more. The possibility to exploit energy recovery techniques in order to increase e + beam currents and luminosity is discussed.

Ultracompact pulsed power

Now more than ever, the pulsed power field is driven by size, weight, and volume constraints. In both the military and commercial arenas, there is an overwhelming need to provide more and more capability in ever smaller and lighter packages. The need for higher energy density, power density, reliability, and efficiency is driving progress in the field. This paper provides a review of the state of the art in various types of pulsed power components such as solid-state switches, capacitors, and power sources. In some cases, familiar components such as switch tubes are being replaced with whole new classes of devices. Batteries are being replaced by hydrocarbon or hydrogen-fueled mechanical systems that alter our paradigm for prime power sources. Trends over the past few years and future possibilities for ultracompact systems are discussed, including advanced techniques for heat removal and energy recovery. Finally, a few practical examples of ultracompact systems are given, emphasizing peak power and peak power density.

High-speed full-resonant address energy recovery technique for plasma display panel with load-adaptive characteristic

A simple full-resonant address energy recovery technique for a plasma display panel (PDP) is proposed. It has fast recovery time by removing the GND switch and load-adaptive power saving characteristics with the help of charge-pumping operation. Test results with a 50-inch HD single-scan PDP show that less than 350 ns of recovery time is accomplished and the maximum address power can be reduced from 280 to 120W.

ECRL-based low power flip-flop design

The efficient charge recovery logic (ECRL) is reported as a promising candidate for low-power applications. However, in the design of digital systems, essential building blocks such as the flip-flops cannot be neglected. In this paper, adiabatic switching or energy recovery technique is used in the design of low-power flip-flops. In particular, SR and JK flip-flop designs based on the ECRL architecture are proposed. From the HSPICE simulation results, these adiabatic flip-flops have shown significant improvement in terms of power consumption over their CMOS counterparts. In addition, the design of an adiabatic sequential circuit is illustrated using the example of a 4-bit binary counter.

Underground coal gasification from a worldwide point of view.

Underground coal gasification, UCG, has been applied on a large scale in the Soviet Union as alternative energy recovery technique since 1960s. A method suitable for US conditions, i.e., shallow depth and large seam thickness, was developed in 10 years and is both basically appropriate for large scale application and economically promising. The application of UCG at great depth is, however, considerably more difficult. Research and development projects on underground gasification at great depth have been carried out in Belgium, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and the F. R. Germany for about 10 years. Three field trials have been initiated in France and in Belgium by a joint Belgo-German field project. A number of technical uncertainties and problems resulted in the creation and maintenance of high permeability pathways in the seams and by corrosion of well equipment. Field trials were accompanied by research and development work in universities and other research institutes. Research works at the Technical University Aachen are discussed in this paper.

A new approach to thermal integration of distillation sequences

AbstractThis paper describes a new approach for synthesizing thermally integrated distillation sequences. There are two key developments in this research. First, the overall flowsheet is optimized simultaneously as opposed to the traditional technique of optimizing each tower sequentially followed by heat integration. Second, maximum energy recovery techniques are used to estimate the total energy requirements of the thermally integrated network, eliminating the need to synthesize a heat exchanger network on each function evaluation in the optimization routine. A frequently reported five component light alkane system (Rathore's Problem) was used to illustrate this approach. Optimized process flowsheets, energy savings and a comparison with literature values are presented.

Energy recovery from energetic plasma streams by traveling waves

An adiabatic theory of the energy exchange between magnetically confined charged particles and a traveling electrostatic wave with slowly varying phase speed and amplitude is presented. The results are applied to a basic assessment of the usefulness of traveling-wave techniques for efficient energy recovery from energetic plasma streams. Severe constraints on the energy conversion efficiency attainable by this approach are indicated by the model.