Quantum Energy Research Articles

CNOT Quantum Gate Based on Spatial Photonic Qubits Under Resonant Electro-Optical Control

A theoretical model of a quantum node that implements the two-qubit CNOT operation with use of photonic qubits with spatial encoding is considered. Each qubit is represented by a pair of modes supporting an arbitrary superposition of single-photon states. The active element of the node is a single or double quantum dot with a tunable frequency, which coherently exchanges an energy quantum with the modes. The spectral characteristics of the quantum node elements are simulated. The probability of implementation of a controlled inversion of the qubit state is calculated depending on the system parameters.

Quantum potential energy: Adaptive facades in architecture

This paper addressed the topic of creating quantum architecture through human awareness to transform the formal and spatial elements of architecture according to its environmental sustainability compatible with nature. The research emphasizes the creation of a built environment that uses natural resources to enhance the psychological and physical comfort of humans, relying on the quantum energy inherent in the interaction of particles, which is called “kinetic energy” in quantum mechanics, and it can be considered energy due to motion. The research aims to determine the recommended standards for use in designing the building facade according to the magnetic field lines. It focuses on the classification of smart interfaces in particular. The complexity of evaluating adaptive or dynamic facades is related to evaluating the performance of the facade elements and systems, the overall performance of the building, as well as the behavior and satisfaction of the occupants. The research seeks to present a conceptual and cognitive framework by linking the concept of potential kinetic energy and quantum theory with architecture and then presents a group of literary studies that will enrich and build the theoretical framework and then apply it to the groups of projects selected for practical study and then reach the final conclusions.

Robustness of quantum correlation in quantum energy teleportation

In this article, we explore a feedback-control protocol in different quantum field theories (QFTs) to study the quantum correlation in nonunitary evolution of quantum systems. Traditional studies on QFTs focus on quantum entanglement of pure states under the unitary evolution, however, we examine quantum correlation in mixed states using quantum energy teleportation (QET), which is an energy transfer protocol by utilizing ground state entanglement, and introduce quantum discord as a measure. QET involves a midcircuit measurement, which disrupts pure state entanglement. Despite this, our analysis demonstrates that quantum discord maintains the correlation throughout the QET process. We conducted numerical analyses with benchmark models including the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, revealing that quantum discord consistently acts as an order parameter for phase transitions. The model is extended in a way that it has both the chiral chemical potential and the chemical potential, which are useful to study the phase structures mimicking the chiral imbalance between left- and right- quarks coupled to the chirality density operator. In all cases we studied, the quantum discord behaved as an order parameter of the phase transition. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Spent Time of Orbiting Eletron Generating the Quantized Energy En in the Hydrogen Like Atom

Despite the large literature on hydrogen-like atoms, one cannot find any mention as to how long an electron spends in the orbit to generate the quanized radiation energy En. Here, the Heisenberg representation of operators is exteded so as to be able to deal also with imverse oprators. This is necessary when dealing with Coulomb potentials. This then allows to write down the general hydrogen-like atom in a compact form. With the help of operator algebra that includes also the inverse operators, one arrives at the differential equation of the electron trajectory with respect to time.The time solution is achieved through established coupled integral equations. While already established quantized radiation electron energy En is proportional to 1/n2, the newely derived quantized electron circular time tn(e) is proportional to n3 with n=1,2,3,..,and tn(e) being of the order of 10−16 sec in magnitude.

Engineering of hyperentangled complex quantum networks

Abstract We propose a novel scheme to engineer the atomic hyperentangled cluster and ring graph states invoking cavity-QED technique for applicative relevance to quantum biology and quantum communications utilizing the complex quantum networks. These states are engineered using both external quantized momenta states and energy levels of neutral atoms under off-resonant and resonant Atomic Bragg Diffraction (ABD) technique. The study of dynamical capacity and potential efficiency have certainly enhanced the range of usefulness of these states. In order to assess the operational behavior of such states when subjected to a realistic noise environment has also been simulated, demonstrating long enough sustainability of the proposed states. Moreover, experimental feasibility of the proposed scheme has also been elucidated under the prevailing cavity-QED research scenario.

Intermediate state between steady and breathing solitons in fiber lasers

Ultrafast fiber laser, a vital tool in both science and industry, exhibits two distinct pulse states: the steady soliton (SS) and the breathing soliton (BS). While these states have been extensively studied individually, understanding the complex transition between them is crucial for controlling lasing states effectively. Herein, our experimental observations reveal an intermediate state that toggles between SS and BS, enabled by the dispersive Fourier transform technique. We find that energy hop and decaying breathing processes, driven respectively by the energy quantization effect and Q-switched modulation, govern this transition. Additionally, we observe that the transition between different BS states primarily involves a pure decaying breathing process. Numerical simulations are used to generate similar transition dynamics in a model that combines equations describing the population inversion in a mode-locked laser. This study sheds light on the transition dynamics in non-equilibrium systems, offering insights for intelligently manipulating lasing states.

Quantum yield, energy transfer, and x-ray induced study of Sm3+ ions doped oxide glasses for intense orange-red photo-emitting optoelectronic device applications

The work elucidates detailed analysis of X-ray near edge structure of Gd3+ ions using Synchrotron studies and deciphers the energy transfer mechanism involved in the stoichiometric ratio of (79-x)B2O3 + 10ZnO + 10BaO + xGd2O3 + 1Sm2O3 (BZBGS; x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mol.%) glasses. A detailed analysis of the glasses’ optical, structural, and luminescence properties were instigated to understand light emitting behaviour. The oxidation state of Gd atom inside the glass found to be + 3. Stimulated emission cross section, radiative transition probability and branching of the metastable state of rare-earth ions were evaluated using Judd-Ofelt model and compared with other reported literature. Photo-Emission spectra were monitored at the UV-C band and X-rays. Luminescence was analysed with various excitation wavelengths and sources. Photoluminescence quantum yield show more than 22 % efficiency and show more than 15 % compared with other reported glasses. Luminescence intensity ratio was analysed and found that the Sm3+-ions do not occupy the inversion-symmetry which enhances the luminescence intensity in the present glass system. The CIE and CCT values were evaluated and discussed.

Revisiting Sommerfeld's atomic model using Euler–Lagrange dynamics

The purpose of this work is to present the atomic model proposed by Sommerfeld. We outline the classical calculation of the elliptical orbit and then apply the Wilson–Sommerfeld quantization rules to obtain expressions for the quantization of energy and orbit semi-axes. We then apply the relativistic theory to solve the problem of degenerate orbits. Thus, we see that the Sommerfeld atom is a very rich topic, involving the integration of different subjects ranging from Lagrangian mechanics to relativity, as well as plane geometry and differential equations.

Joint Antenna Selection and Power Allocation Method Based on Quantum Energy Valley Optimization Algorithm for Massive MIMO IoT Systems

Joint Antenna Selection and Power Allocation Method Based on Quantum Energy Valley Optimization Algorithm for Massive MIMO IoT Systems

The role of quantum resources in quantum energy teleportation

The role of quantum resources in quantum energy teleportation

Chalcones as potential pepsin inhibitors: Synthesis, characterization, DFT and molecular docking studies

Pepsin, a unique protease activity at acidic environment in the stomach, can cause chronic inflammation in surrounding tissues after becoming hyperactive lead to enlarged tonsils, vocal fold polyps, laryngopharyngeal cancers, and other diseases. Therefore, design and development of new effective pepsin inhibitors becomes significant. In the present work, we synthesized, and characterized thiophene-based chalcones as anti-pepsin agents. The synthesized chalcones exhibited significantly better pepsin inhibition than commercially available drugs omeprazole and pantoprazole. The in-vitro screening revealed that the synthesized compounds exhibited pepsin inhibition in the range of 53.19–91.14 % at 3 × 10−8 M concentration showing promising results controlling elevated pepsin levels. Compound 3p was found the best inhibitor with an IC50 value 1.02 × 10−9 M. Molecular docking studies executed show the decrease in energy of interaction between pepsin and the synthesized compounds 3(a-t) varies from −69.104 to −83.124 kcal/mol and the highest decreased interaction energy with compound 3p. DFT analyses were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the structural parameters. Energy minimization and quantum chemical parameters computed using Avagadro and ORCA software indicated ΔE values in the range 9.593–10.246 eV as per DFT calculations. The results obtained from the in vitro studies were supported with in silico studies.

Disentanglement as a strong cosmic censor

If entanglement builds spacetime, then conversely, disentanglement ought to destroy spacetime. From the quantum null energy condition and quantum focusing conjecture, we obtain disentanglement criteria which necessitate infinite energies and strong spacetime singularities. We apply our results to the strong cosmic censorship proposal, where singularities at the Cauchy horizons in black holes are desirable. Using our disentanglement criteria and without resorting to any detailed calculations, we provide an exceedingly general and physically transparent discussion of strong cosmic censorship in semiclassical black holes. We argue that strong cosmic censorship is enforced in asymptotically flat and de Sitter black holes by disentanglement and describe how similar disentanglement might be avoided in some anti-de Sitter cases.

Renormalization of three-body interaction in DDK system

In systems comprising three identical particles, the Efimov effect emerges in the unitary limit. This article, utilizing the method of effective field theory along with the effective range expansion (ERE) and low-momentum expansion, reproduces the Efimov effect beyond unitary limit and identical case and applies to DDK system. It also links the high-energy scale with the ultraviolet cutoff in the three-body system. We discuss a method for obtaining exact solutions for the three-body wave function below the threshold of dimer production, that is D and Ds0⁎(2317). It turns out that introducing this scale is a necessary condition for the emergence of DDK three-body bound state. Since without this scale, the wave function would be solved below threshold with arbitrary binding energy, which violates the conditions of unitarity and energy quantization. The calculation involving this scale results in a discrete spectrum below the threshold and restores unitarity, making the effects induced by this scale significant for the formation of DDK bound state. In order to establish this in a complete formalism, the paper further gives an analytical expression for the three-body coupling constant, and compares it to the numerical calculation in DDK system.

High Quantum Yields and Energy Transfer Efficiency of Lanthanide‐Based Coordination Polymers as Luminescent Thermometer in Low Temperature Range

ABSTRACTLuminescent lanthanide‐based coordination polymers (LnCPs) present great potential in low‐temperature detection due to their convenience in contactless readout. High quantum yields and energy transfer efficiency are favored by LnCPs as luminescent thermometer. In this work, based on the thermogravimetric analysis and temperature‐dependent powder x‐ray diffraction, coordinated and isolated molecules of [Ln2(mip)3(H2O)8·4H2O]∞ (abbreviated as Ln2MIP) were removed by dehydration process. Combining luminescent measurement and calculation, both quantum yields and energy transfer efficiency between Tb3+ and Eu3+ have been greatly enhanced. Additionally, the Eu3+ intensity of dehydrated Gd0.2Tb1.08Eu0.72MIP displays excellent temperature sensing ability from 77 to 300 K with enhanced relative sensitivity. These results demonstrate the potential of LnCPs in low‐temperature sensing with high quantum yields and energy transfer efficiency.

Quantum mechanical analysis of newly synthesized HIV-1 protease inhibitors: evaluation of wild-type and resistant strain binding interactions.

Inhibition of HIV-1 protease is a cornerstone of antiretroviral therapy. However, the notorious ability of HIV-1 to develop resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs), particularly darunavir (DRV), poses a major challenge. Using quantum chemistry and computer simulations, this study aims to investigate the interactions between two novel PIs, GRL-004 and GRL-063, as well as a wild-type (WT) HIV strain and a DRV-resistant mutant strain. To do this, we used molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanical calculations to check how well GRL-004 and GRL-063 bound to both WT and DRV-resistant proteases. The results show that GRL-004 and GRL-063 bind very well to ASP29 in the WT strain. ASP29 is an important amino acid in the HIV protease dimer. Remarkably, amino acids such as ILE50 in the WT strains showed substantial binding energies to both drugs. Quantum energy calculations showed a slight reduction in the energy affinity of the interaction between the MUT strain and the ligand GRL-063, compared to the WT strain. GRL-004 showed similar interaction energy for both strains, suggesting that it has greater plasticity than GRL-063 despite its lower interaction affinity. Furthermore, GLY49B demonstrated strong binding energies regardless of mutations. Other relevant residues with strong binding energies include GLY49B, PHE82A, PRO81A, ASP29A, ASP25A and ALA28B. This study improves our understanding of receptor-ligand dynamics and the adaptability of new protease inhibitors (PIs), which has profound implications for the innovation of future antiretroviral drugs.

Emerging class of SrZrS3 chalcogenide perovskite solar cells: Conductive MOFs as HTLs - A game changer?

The emerging SrZrS3 chalcogenide perovskite has been suggested as a potential alternative to lead halide perovskites, offering unique optoelectronic properties while addressing concerns such as lead toxicity and instability. Our research explored its potential, demonstrating the use of conductive metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) Cu-MOF ({[Cu2(6-mercapto nicotinate)]·NH4}n), NTU-9, Fe2(DSBDC), Sr-MOF ({[Sr(ntca)(H2O)2]·H2O}n), Mn2(DSBDC), and Cu3(HHTP)2 as promising substitutes for traditional HTLs via SCAPS-1D. By systematically optimizing the absorber and HTL properties, maximum PCEs of 30.60 %, 29.78 %, 28.29 %, 28.44 %, 28.80 %, and 28.62 % were accomplished for solar cell devices based on the aforementioned MOFs, respectively. Comparative analysis of initial and optimized solar cells using energy band diagrams, Nyquist plots, and quantum efficiency revealed that optimized devices consistently raised quasi-Fermi levels, significantly enhanced conductivity, and boosted solar cell performance. Additionally, the high recombination resistance of 1.4 × 107 Ω cm2, improved spectral response of 35 % in the NIR region, and heightened built-in potential (∼0.99 V) resulted in the highest efficiency of 30.60 % for Cu-MOF solar cells. This research highlights the promising potential of novel SrZrS3 absorbers and the utilization of c-MOFs as HTLs in solar cells, positioning them as a game changer in the PV field.

Nonlinear Excitation of Color Centers in a LiF Crystal by Femtosecond Laser Radiation

Experiments were carried out in which the luminescence of color centers in lithium fluoride crystals was excited by two different femtosecond lasers with significantly different energies, durations and pulse repetition rates. It was established that in all experiments the main center, the luminescence of which was excited nonlinearly, was the F3+ color center. Unusual experimental data were obtained; a laser with low pulse energy (4 nJ) excited triplet luminescence of these centers (570 nm) but did not excite singlet luminescence (540 nm). Another laser with a higher pulse energy (0.3 mJ), on the other hand, excited singlet luminescence and did not excite triplet luminescence. A proposed diagram of energy levels and quantum transitions is presented, explaining the possible mechanisms of nonlinear excitation of luminescence in these experiments.

Unconventional phonon blockade effect in array of three coupled weakly nonlinear nanomechanical resonators

Phonon antibunching, a phenomenon arising from the quantum statistics of mechanical vibrations, has attracted significant attention due to its potential applications in quantum information processing, sensing, and energy harvesting. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of phonon antibunching in a system consisting of three weakly nonlinear coupled nanomechanical resonators. We analytically derive and study the antibunching behavior of phonons in the proposed system and bring insight into the underlying mechanisms. The optimal phonon blockade results from destructive quantum interference due to distinct two-phonon excitation pathways. Due to this quantum interference, these unconventional phonon blockade systems can achieve antibunched statistics even in weakly nonlinear regimes, in contrast to conventional phonon blockade systems that require strong nonlinearity. We show that with the inclusion of an additional resonator, there are multiple additional two-phonon excitation pathways compared to two resonator cases, which results in stronger phonon antibunching and supports single phonon for longer duration. These findings are interesting for practical phononics using coupled-resonator systems.

The cosmological constant and energy quantization in hydrogen atom in light of a doubly special relativity with a minimum speed

We show the existence of an invariant minimum speed in space–time as a new fundamental constant of nature by forming the basis of a doubly special relativity so-called Symmetrical Special Relativity (SSR). Such an observer-independent minimum speed emerges from the Dirac’s Large Number Hypothesis (LNH), which leads us to build SSR-theory. This allows us to understand that the hydrogen atom represents the most stable bound state in the universe as being a fundamental structure in space–time with two speed limits, i.e., the speed of light c and a minimum speed V. So the symmetry in space–time given by an invariant minimum speed, which has origin in the electrical and gravitational bound states in hydrogen atom is able to provide a deeper understanding of the proton-electron mass ratio. We investigate how the minimum speed plays a fundamental role in the quantization of energy in hydrogen atom. The minimum speed V is related to a preferred background frame (ultra-referential SV) represented by the surface of a dark cone forbidden to the world line of any particle. It is related to the vacuum energy that leads to the cosmological constant. An investigation of SSR is done and a hypothetical experiment of Bose–Einstein condensation is proposed to detect the minimum speed as a possible Lorentz violation at very low energies.

Theoretical investigation of the optical and plasmonic properties of the nanocomposite media composed of silver nanoparticles embedded in rubidium

This theoretical study investigates, the optical response of a metal-dielectric nanocomposite of silver and rubidium (Ag/Rb) is theoretically studied via Maxwell-Garnett Model by varying the size, shape and volume ratio of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the coherently driven four levels rubidium dielectric atomic media. The rubidium being an alkali metal behaves as dielectric under quantum coherence effect. It was found that the optical response of this nanocomposite media strongly depends on the coherent driving fields applied in the atomic ensemble, the volume fraction of the AgNPs as well as their size and the applied frequencies. It was found that the dielectric function decreases with the increase in AgNPs’ size, while increase in Rabi frequency increases the refractive index. Similarly, the dispersion and absorption decrease with decrease in volume fraction of the AgNPs. Our results suggest important applications of this nanocomposite in various fields such as energy harvesting, photovoltaics and quantum plasmonics. The modeling approach developed in this study provides great freedom for tuning optical properties of the metal-dielectric nanocomposites.