Energy Power Plants Research Articles

Characteristics Analysis of Integrated CAES and CFPP Trigeneration System Considering Working Conditions and Application Scenarios

To meet the goal of worldwide decarbonization, the transformation process toward clean and green energy structures has accelerated. In this context, coal-fired power plant (CFPP) and large-scale energy storage represented by compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology, are tasked with increasing renewable resource accommodation and maintaining the power system security. To achieve this, this paper proposes the concept of a CFPP–CAES combined cycle and a trigenerative system based on that. Considering the working conditions of the CFPP, thermal characteristics of three typical operation modes were studied and some general regularities were identified. The results of various potential integration schemes discussion indicated that extracting water from low-temperature points in the feedwater system to cool pressurized air and simultaneously increase the backwater temperature is beneficial for improving performance. In addition, preheating the pressurized air before the air expanders via low-grade water in the feedwater system as much as possible and reducing extracted steam contribute to increasing the efficiency. With the optimal integration scheme, 2.85 tonnes of coal can be saved per cycle and the round-trip efficiency can be increased by 2.24%. Through the cogeneration of heat and power, the system efficiency can reach 77.5%. In addition, the contribution degree of the three compression heat utilization methods to the performance improvement ranked from high to low, is preheating the feedwater before the boiler, supplying heat, and flowing into the CFPP feedwater system. In the cooling energy generation mode, the system efficiency can be increased to over 69%. Regardless of the operation mode, the benefit produced by integration is further enhanced when the CFPP operates at higher operating conditions because the coupling points parameters are changed. In addition, the dynamic payback period can be shortened by 11.33 years and the internal rate of return increases by 5.20% under a typical application scenario. Regarding the effect of different application scenarios in terms of economics, investing in the proposed system is more appropriate in regions with multiple energy demands, especially heating demand. These results demonstrate the technical advantages of the proposed system and provide guiding principles for its design, operation, and project investment.

PERANCANGAN PLTS TERAPUNG UNTUK MENDUKUNG WISATA HIJAU DI BENDUNGAN TAMBLANG, DESA SAWAN, KABUPATEN BULELENG

The Province of Bali have many dams, one of it is the Tamblang Dam, which is located in Sawan Village, Sawan District, Buleleng Regency. The Government of Buleleng Regency is planning to make Tamblang Dam as a new Tourist Destination Area (Daerah Tujuan Wisata or (DTW) in order to improve the existing tourism conditions in North Bali. It is planned to utilizing Renewable Energy (Energi Baru Terbarukan or EBT) sources to support the needs of DTW and to support government programs to reaching the Bali's clean energy target on 2050. The Renewable Energy Power Plant that will be designed is a Floating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plant, as it the potential source of energy considering that Indonesia is located on the equator. The Solar PV Power Plant is designed using the tool from website by utilizing 5% of the surface area of the dam water which is 4,561.97 m2, based on Kementrian PUPR no 6 Tahun 2020 regulation. So that a Floating Solar PV Power Plant capacity of 0.6 MW is obtained by using 1,533 solar modules and produce energy reaching of 926,539 kWh in a year. The designed Floating PV need an initial investment cost of IDR 13,551,481,157, with the result of economic analysis, obtained value of each parameter including the NPV value is IDR 7,470,053,884, BCR is 2.66, and PP is less than 25 years.

Geo-Environmental Analysis on Specifying Solar Energy Power Plant (SEPP) Fields by GIS and Different Fuzzy AHP Methods

The use of solar energy among renewable energy sources has started to turn out widespread due to its potential, practicality of use and environmental friendliness. In assessing the installation sites of solar energy power plants (SEPPs) economic, social and environmental elements should be taken into consideration, and cultural and paleontological heritage areas should not be damaged. In order for decision-makers to show own predilections in some ways, the subject of this investigate is to specify the convenient fields for SEPP installation in Yalova province with all its districts by using different methods of Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Processes (BAHP) together with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). According to the results obtained, it has been seen that Yalova province has convenient filelds for SEPP sites in the center and east, including the Central and Çiftlikköy districts.

Innovative developments on the use of hydrogen in transport internal combustion engines and power plants

BACKGROUND: Innovative technologies and design solutions aimed at using hydrogen in internal combustion engines and hydrogen power plants are reviewed in the paper. The advantages of hydrogen fuel are shown and the main problems that Western automakers face and which determine the ways to solve problems in road transport are identified. In this regard, the method of using hydrogen energy in internal combustion engines and hydrogen power plants becomes a decisive factor.
 AIMS: Search for a reasonable and effective method of using hydrogen in transport.
 METHODS: The technologies of hydrogen production with the electrolysis method and on-board generation of hydrogen using hydrogen-containing components are considered. It is proposed to use ammonia as a hydrogen carrier reagent for operation in dual-fuel diesel internal combustion engines.
 RESULTS: It is noted that ammonia, with a high level of hydrogen content in the molecule, is relatively safe, has a low cost and a significant volume of production. It is easier to store and transport compared to hydrogen. For internal combustion engines operating on hydrocarbon fuel, the use of ammonia and hydrogen, its derivative product, is attractive due to the need to remove highly toxic nitrogen oxides containing in the exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines.
 One of the main problems of creating an environmentally friendly diesel engine associated with reducing the NOx content to an environmentally safe level is considered. A positive factor of using ammonia is the on-board production of hydrogen in the thermal reactor, as well as the possibility of organizing an effective process of neutralizing nitrogen oxides in a diesel engine.
 CONCLUSIONS: The use of ammonia to generate hydrogen allows the diesel engine to implement the process of selective reduction of nitrogen oxides when ammonia is injected into the combustion chamber at the exhaust stroke. This method will significantly increase the efficiency of NOx neutralization in a diesel internal combustion engine due to the possibility of temperature regulation of the NOx neutralization reaction directly in the cylinder and in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.

Multi-Time-Scale Rolling Optimal Scheduling of Virtual Power Plants in Energy and Flexible Ramping Product Markets

Virtual power plants (VPPs) offer a feasible solution for integrating various types of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the power grid in the electricity market. This paper proposes a multi-time-scale rolling optimal scheduling for VPPs, enabling optimal self-scheduling plans across intra-week rolling scheduling, intra-day rolling dispatch, and real-time dispatch. The proposed method facilitates participation in energy and flexible ramping product (FRP) markets while considering the specific characteristics with complementary advantages for the aggregated renewable resources, gas turbines, energy storages, and flexible demands of each time scale. The flexible ramping products within the VPP framework are established, while the energy storage systems address fluctuations during dispatch periods. Case studies are conducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can obtain optimal self-scheduling plans within the multi-time framework and has better performance in economy and security operation in comparisons among cases.

Recent review and evaluation of green hydrogen production via water electrolysis for a sustainable and clean energy society

Countries worldwide are seeking to decarbonize the planet by 2050 to mitigate climate change. Green hydrogen (H2) from water electrolysis is vital to worldwide decarbonization. Consequently, electrolysis-based green H2 production for large-scale renewable energy power plants and other industrial and transportation applications has grown in popularity. The main objective of this work was to provide a recent review and evaluation of water electrolysis for green H2 production. In this review, the water electrolysis process, which involves the electrochemical water splitting and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and their techno-commercial prospects including H2 production cost, along with recent developments in electrode and photoelectrode materials, and their environmental aspects for green H2 production were summarized. The results showed that the Ni-based catalyst improved the electrocatalytic activity at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, while TiO2-based catalysts enhanced PEC water-splitting processes with superior solar to H2 (STH) efficiency (3.7–16.9%). The levelized cost of H2 (LCOH) for PEC and polymer exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is almost similar about 9 $/kgH2, and combining water electrolysis with wind and solar energy decreases the LCOH, which surpassed coal power generation by 40%. According to the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA), global warming potential (GWP) is the environmental effect category that causes the most concern and is the subject of the most research. The PEC-based water splitting process is the most environmentally friendly H2 production method since it emits the lowest GWP per kg of produced H2 (1.0 kg CO2/Kg H2) in comparison to wind-based PEM water electrolysis (4.0 kg CO2/Kg H2) and PV-solar-based PEM water electrolysis (1.5 kg CO2/Kg H2). Interestingly, the case studies in various countries related to the green H2 were also discussed. Finally, the future of green H2 production and the challenges it faces in achieving cost-effective commercial applications were discussed.

Transient power angle stability analysis and improvement strategy for parallel system of virtual synchronous generator and static var generator

SummaryVirtual synchronous generators (VSGs) can actively support the frequency and voltage of the grid and are widely used in new energy power plants. Static var generators (SVGs) can improve the reactive power–voltage drop characteristics of the VSG and increase its ability to cope with complex operating conditions. However, the interaction between the VSG and the SVG can affect the output characteristics of the VSG and thus its transient power angle stability. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for analyzing the transient power angle stability of a VSG–SVG parallel system and its improvement strategy. Firstly, based on the equivalent circuit of the parallel system, the interaction‐coupled power model and the transient power angle characteristic model are derived. On this basis, the influence law of various parameters on the transient stability of VSG is analyzed based on the phase plane method. Secondly, a strategy is proposed to improve the transient power angle stability of the VSG–SVG parallel system based on the adaptive regulation of active power, and the feasibility of the strategy is verified by comparing the phase plane diagrams before and after the improved control. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and strategy is verified by Matlab/Simulink simulation.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant for Heat and Electricity Production

This work is focused on presenting the main results and discussions concerning the environmental benefits of reducing the non-condensable gases emitted from the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a life cycle evaluation to analyse the overall environmental benefit effects of producing 1 kWh of electricity and 1 kWh of thermal energy in the geothermal power plant at Nesjavellir, which is located in Iceland. The assessment is performed both before and after implementing an abatement system designed to reduce CO2 and H2S gases. The production of geothermal energy is increasing every year and, therefore, it is crucial to identify and quantify the key environmental factors of producing this type of energy and improvements for the future energy transition of the energy generation sector. Firstly, the results show that the environmental impact of electricity production is higher compared to heat production. More in detail, the emissions due to the nature of the geothermal fluid and the construction phase represent the most relevant environmental load for both electricity and heat production for nearly all the 18 environmental impact indicators studied. Furthermore, considering the abatement system for the non-condensable gas emissions, reductions of 78% and 60% in global warming potential is achieved for a production of 1 kWh of electricity and 1 kWh of thermal energy. In terms of external environmental costs, the implementation of an abatement system results in a reduction exceeding 95% for both electricity and thermal energy production per kilowatt-hour. The outcomes obtained from both the baseline scenario and the application of the abatement system undeniably prove that the latter results in a substantial decrease in the overall environmental impacts linked to the generation of 1 kWh of electricity and 1 kWh of heat, encompassing a notable reduction in external environmental costs (externalities).

Market analysis for the integration of new power technologies: A case study of the deployment of hybrid fossil-based generator plus energy storage (ES-FE)

This study examines the national landscape of hybridized fossil energy (FE) power plants with energy storage (ES) technologies (“ES-FE”) and presents the compilation of an ES-FE dataset, which includes over 65 ES-FE projects and concepts in the United States, comprising approximately 500 MWh of co-located ES capacity with FE power plants. This study also estimates the economic feasibility of adding ES to existing FE power plants by characterizing the potential revenues that can be generated by the ES component through flexibility and capacity value. The analysis focuses on ES technologies with 2- to 10-h. durations located in four U.S. independent system operators (ISOs): Midcontinent ISO (MISO), Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), PJM Interconnection (PJM), and California ISO (CAISO), which have +70,000 MW of combined FE power capacity that could add ES. Annual revenues are estimated for the ES component using a what-if-analysis approach, for capacity value, price arbitrage, or ancillary services provision. The results show that annual revenues depend on the end-use storage service, wholesale electricity and capacity market prices, and ES technology operation parameters such as discharging duration and cycling frequency. When performing a sensitivity analysis, ES accrues $7–178/kW-yr. via price arbitrage and ancillary services provision in the four ISOs, and $13–92/kW-yr. when providing capacity value only in MISO and PJM. A cash flow analysis is performed to estimate the net present value (NPV) of the ES addition using a range of ES costs. The study finds that for most ES technologies considered, these revenues alone are insufficient to achieve economic feasibility. Of the 1645 total runs analyzed, 115 had positive NPVs (7%). Therefore, other revenue streams or monetizable benefits are necessary to achieve the break-even point.

Innovative energy-saving technologies in agriculture in conditions of urbanization

The article reflects the issues of creating harmonious architectural objects in conditions of urbanization, which implies a symbiosis of nature, architecture and human agricultural activity. The necessary conditions for the construction of buildings are the use of modern achievements in the field of technical equipment of structures that ensure the vital activity of plants. The recommendations for the inclusion of agricultural facilities and buildings in the structure of an urbanized city contribute to expanding the importance of this sphere of life. Use of the advanced power model of development of future world based on transformation of the sun energy in power plants with use of resonant technologies of N. Tesla can become perspective approach in this direction.

On the Added Value of State-of-the-Art Probabilistic Forecasting Methods Applied to the Optimal Scheduling of a PV Power Plant with Batteries

Efforts have been made to develop methods to quantify the uncertainty related to the power production of renewable energy power plants, allowing producers to ensure more reliable engagements related to their future power delivery. Even though diverse probabilistic approaches have been proposed in the literature, giving promising results, the added value of adopting such methods is still unclear. This paper comprehensively assesses the profits obtained when probabilistic forecasts generated with state-of-the-art methods are fed into a stochastic programming decision-making model to optimally schedule an existing PV power plant operating in highly unstable weather. Different representative probabilistic forecasting methods are assessed and compared against deterministic forecasts submitted to varying levels of uncertainty, used to schedule the power plant in standalone operation and hybrid operation with batteries. The main findings reveal that although probabilistic forecasts offer potential benefits in handling uncertainty and utilizing battery assets to mitigate forecast errors, deterministic forecasts consistently yield higher profits than probabilistic forecasts. It is shown that this disparity is primarily attributed to the scenario diversity present in probabilistic forecasts, which leads to over-conservative decisions and the loss of temporal correlation with PV power production variations, resulting in increased imbalances and penalties.

Techno economic analysis tool for the sizing and optimization of an off-grid hydrogen hub

This study focuses on analyzing the characteristics of a techno-economic optimization tool to evaluate off-grid green hydrogen production costs. The tool determines the renewable energy power plants, electrolyzer and storage capacities and hydrogen transport form that minimizes the levelized cost of hydrogen, for a fixed hydrogen demand. The tool estimates the energy cost based on the renewable energy resource of the specific geographic coordinates and techno-economic parameters. To this end, the tool considers a wide set of inputs, which include possible economic incentives, taxes and financing structure, scale economies and technology cost projections. Additionally, the tool can consider hydrogen contractual characteristics such as compromised hydrogen volume, time frame, penalties for not supplied hydrogen and transport distance. Technical restrictions such as generation, electrolyzer and/or storage capacity limits can also be considered. Finally, a location in Argentina was selected as study case in order to describe the processing logic and review the model obtained results. The minimum achievable hydrogen production cost varies between 3.2 and 4.0 USD/MWh, while total cost including conversion/processing transportation and storage varies between 3.6 and 5.6 USD/MWh.

Investigation of the Feasibility of the Dynamic Equivalent Model of Large Photovoltaic Power Plants in a Harmonic Resonance Study

In recent years, there have been several harmonic resonance accidents around the world that involve renewable energy power plants. The frequency scanning method is the most widely used technique in engineering practice to evaluate the severity of resonance due to its simple operation and clear physical meaning. However, when establishing electromagnetic transient simulation models and conducting frequency scans, a single generation unit or a few renewable generation units are usually used to represent the original power plant for the purpose of reducing model complexity and improving the simulation efficiency. Such a practice has been found to be effective in dynamic studies around the fundamental frequency. However, its feasibility in harmonic resonance studies has not yet been fully investigated. Because of this research gap, a feasibility study is conducted in this paper by using a real-life photovoltaic power plant. The detailed harmonic model of the plant is first established using the harmonic linearization method, and the equivalent harmonic model is then developed using the power loss conservation method. The feasibility of the equivalent model was investigated in detail, and the impact of the different impedance models on the resonance analysis was analyzed. The results indicate that the conventional dynamic equivalent model can effectively reflect the harmonic resonance characteristics of photovoltaic power plants. Furthermore, a more simplified model that ignores the inductance of the collector line is recommended in this paper to further reduce the modeling complexity.

Ensuring Resilience in Ocean Energy Power Plants: A Survey of Cybersecurity Measures

Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) is a promising solution to address the challenges of climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels [1]. Wave power, a form of ORE, is considered one of the purest energy sources with significant growth potential [2]. In addition to investing in these energy sources, nations are also working to enhance the protection of Critical Infrastructure (CI). CI encompasses all services crucial to the functioning of society and the economy, including electric power systems and their various forms of generation, such as renewable energy sources. Hence, in addition to exploring various forms of power generation, the cybersecurity of the networks connecting the devices in these systems is a crucial aspect to consider to prevent attacks and minimize the risk of cyber threats to suppliers and customers [3]. For instance, the European Commission states that reducing CI vulnerability and increasing its resilience is one of the main objectives of the European Union.
 However, to date, a comprehensive review that synthesizes the various approaches to cybersecurity in ocean energy is yet to be published. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive survey of the application of cybersecurity measures to renewable energy sources, with a specific focus on ocean energy. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, following the steps outlined by Kitchenham [4]. The methodology steps are illustrated in the flowchart (see Figure 1). Of the 49 articles selected, three main study topics emerged: i) smart ocean, ii) cybersecurity for renewable energy systems, and iii) marine data security. These three topics are interrelated as a smart ocean can be considered as an integrated sensing, communication, and computing ecosystem that connects marine objects in surface and underwater environments [5]. Once the wave energy converters (WECs) are installed, it is also essential to develop safety systems for these devices, as demonstrated in the first report on cybersecurity guidance for MRE (Marine Renewable Energy) systems [6] prepared by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). In preparation for this report, researchers reviewed the cyber threats and vulnerabilities of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) equipment used in various WEC models. Figure 2 presents an example of the possible threats and attacks on WEC devices.
 In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive survey of the application of cybersecurity measures in ocean energy, highlighting the importance of reducing vulnerability in the cybersecurity of power plants in this sector. Through a systematic review of the literature, three main study topics were identified and analysed, providing a valuable resource for future research in this area. The findings of this study can inform and guide the development of more secure and resilient systems, contributing to the overall improvement of critical infrastructure in the field of ocean energy. As such, this article offers a significant contribution to the ongoing effort to address the challenges posed by the changing energy landscape and the need to protect critical infrastructure from cyber threats.
 Please refer to uploaded PDF to see references and figures.
 

Analysis of Nuclear Energy for Future Power Plants in Indonesia: An Assessment for Sustainable Energy Development

Indonesia has been investing in expanding its power generation capacity to meet increasing needs. There is an ongoing demand for a new source of energy that is reliable, affordable, safe, and clean. This research has assessed the feasibility on implementing nuclear power plants in Indonesia using systematic literature review based on a comprehensive SWOT analysis, IFE/EFE matrix analysis, and TOWS analysis. The obtained result is that the impacts of internal and external factors are assessed as moderate-positive and positive, respectively. The research implies that strategies regarding investments, benefits, waste management, and collaborations with other alternative energy sources can significantly maximize the benefits and overcome challenges. This study contributes to the understanding of nuclear energy implementation in Indonesia and provides insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers seeking to explore and promote sustainable energy solutions in an urgent need regarding increasing energy demand.

All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electrodes of Carbon Cloth Modified with Tungsten-Bismuth-Based Oxide Nanostructures for an Enhanced V(II)/(VIII) Reaction Kinetics and Inhibited H2 Evolution

All-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are the most promising and highly efficient storage systems for renewable energy power plants. VRFBs can store high amounts of energy and are designed to work for long periods and their solutions can be used indefinitely.1 VRFBs are mainly carbon-based electrodes as they have high conductivity, high surface area, and high chemical stability, are relatively cheap and available,2 and can be tailored as desired for specific properties. However, these electrodes' performance is limited in their pristine form due to their resistance, hydrophobicity, and surface structure among other factors, resulting in VRFBs with a low power density. The VRFBs' low power density is usually related to the electrodes’ poor performance. Modifying the carbon electrodes using nanomaterials was proven to increase the power density of the battery. Metal oxides like tungsten oxide3 are known to enhance vanadium reactions when used as composites with carbon nanomaterials, while bismuth is known to inhabit the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction.4 The material of the electrode and the metal molar ratio and the types of metal oxide modifiers highly affect the final performance of the carbon-based electrodes in VRFBs.In this work, different tungsten-bismuth-based oxide nanostructures were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. It is suggested that using different metal molar ratios, pH, and metal precursors significantly affects the electrode's physical and chemical structure and hence its electrochemical performance. The synthesized BiWOx nanostructures are evaluated using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, EDS, XPS, and water contact angle measurements. The effect of using BiWOx nanostructures as a modifier for carbon cloth electrodes on the kinetics of the VRFBs negative half-cell reaction (V2+/V3+) was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed that using BiWOx as an electrode modifier led to an increase in electrode activity and stability, with BiWOx showing the best stability and BiW2Ox showing the best activity. The enhancement effect of BiWOx nanostructures is related to the interaction between the two metal oxides and the electrode surface, the enhanced hydrophilicity of the modified electrode, and the increase of the catalytic active sites.

Scientific literature reviews; Investigating analysis of turbine blade operational failure

As a source of energy in industry and power plants, turbines must have reliability in operation.. One that affects the performance of the turnin is the condition of the blades. The multi-cycle fatigue experienced by the blades of compressors and turbines caused by dynamic stresses caused by the vibration and resonance of the blades in the engine operating time is a common type of failure. Over the past five decades, researchers have studied and investigated turbine blade failure. The main purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of recent studies on turbine blade failure. The author only focuses on describing some of the failure methodologies used in various studies to investigate turbine blades. This article discusses each of these factors in more detail

Implementation of 3000-watt inverter as a source of electrical energy in solar power plants

In industry, an inverter is a tool/component for adjusting the speed of an electric motor. By using an inverter for electric motor purposes, it becomes a variable speed, whereas the speed can be changed or adjusted as needed. The method used in this study is an experimental research method, namely designing and measuring the system under study. Measurements are made for non-electrical quantities, namely the inverter of the solar module which is generated by the intensity of sunlight hitting the surface of the solar cell. Measurements are also made for electrical parameters such as current, voltage, power factor, and power. Based on the data obtained from all the tests that have been carried out, the system output voltage cannot reach the expected 220 Volts. Because changes in load affect the output voltage of the system were occurred, as the load of 60 W/220V is added, the output voltage drops to 740.5 Volts. As the load is reduced by 60W/220 V, the output voltage increases by 786.9 Volts, within the average inverter efficiency of 77%.

Ефективність суднових енергетичних установок з теплообмінними апаратами з трубних пучків з лунковими системами

The direction of increasing the efficiency of marine power plants by using heat exchange elements that implement intensive methods of heat transfer, which are characterized by a predominant increase in heat transfer over aerodynamic resistance, is considered. The research method is mathematical modeling of processes in power plants at the level of their individual elements – heat engine, power, and technological heat exchangers. The adequacy of the mathematical model for research the efficiency of power plants is justified by the results of verification and validation by comparing the results of calculations with the results of a physical experiment that have a discrepancy not exceeding 9.3 %. The goal of the research is to improve the economic, environmental, resource and weight-size parameters of power plants by using heat exchange elements with the intensification of the processes of convective transfer of heat and mass by using finned surfaces with dimples. Thanks to the performance of dimple systems on the edges of round pipes with spiral-ribbon finning and elliptical pipes with lamellar finning, it is possible to increase the heat transfer coefficient up to 36 %, while the resistance coefficient of the beam remains unchanged. The use of heat exchangers with the proposed heat transfer elements as part of ship power plants with low-speed engines and gas-and-steam turbine units allows to improve their economic and environmental characteristics. It was obtained that for tankers of the PANAMAX type, the increase in the efficiency of the ship's power plant is 1.3 % due to the use of elliptical surfaces with plate finning and hole systems on the ribs in the utilization boiler. The ship's EEDI index decreased by 1.7 %. For container ships with a deadweight of more than 100,000 tons, the change in these indexes was 2.5 and 2.7 %, respectively. For a marine gas-and-steam turbine plant, the efficiency increase was 2.4 %. The presented mathematical model of the power plant is characterized by positive results of approbation for constructive and verification calculations of power plants in marine energy, transport, and industry.

Effects of video display terminal fatigue on situational awareness ability of operators and modeling study

In order to study the changing pattern of the posture perception ability of video display terminal operators in the main control room of energy power plants such as nuclear power plants in a state of fatigue, subjective and objective data of 19 energy system operators were collected through experiments. The effect of video display terminal fatigue on the operator's level of situational awareness was analyzed, and the subjective and objective data were selected to construct an XGboost model to predict the identified operator's situational awareness capability. The study results showed that the subjective and objective data showed significant differences, and it could be inferred that the subjects had developed video display terminal fatigue. The combination of data showed that fatigue affected the manipulator's ability to perceive and understand, decreasing the manipulator's situational awareness. The XGboost model, based on subjective and objective data, achieved a validation rate of 88.90%, indicating that the model can identify and predict the situational awareness of video display terminal manipulators. The study's results can be used to assess the situational awareness of video display terminal operators in nuclear power plants and provide a scientific basis for safety training in nuclear power plants and other energy power plants.