Energy In Vietnam Research Articles

Power system planning in the energy transition era: the case of Vietnam's power development plan 8

ABSTRACT This review examines Vietnam's eighth Power Development Plan (PDP8), analyzing how it reveals tensions between traditional energy planning concepts and emerging realities. PDP8 aimed to balance renewable energy and natural gas priorities amidst Vietnam's rapidly changing energy landscape. The planning process struggled to incorporate uncertainties like technology cost declines and global energy crises. Although following a conventional optimization approach, PDP8 underwent repeated delays and pivots, pointing to misalignment between rational planning ideals and implementation constraints. The case study highlights the limitations of ‘plan to build’ methods focused on rigid engineering blueprints. Instead, Vietnam's energy transition requires strategic approaches that embrace flexibility and scenario analysis. Based on years of participative observation, two interview surveys, and extensive corpus analysis, the review traces PDP8's evolution towards more open-ended strategies. While still detailing infrastructure projects, PDP8 defines adaptive implementation mechanisms and conditional goals dependent on external finance. This shift from project lists to navigational thinking illustrates the need for energy planning to incorporate uncertainty and maintain the capacity to adjust. PDP8 represents a transitional compromise between traditional ten-year planning and emerging ‘plan to drive’ concepts focused on navigating change with annual updates to the Plan.

Energy Transition in Vietnam: A Strategic Analysis and Forecast

Energy landscapes in Asia and other regions are currently undergoing a transformation aimed at increasing the share of clean energy sources. This article analyzes and forecasts the electricity demand in Vietnam, examining existing constraints that necessitate the shift from coal to renewable energy sources. The rapid economic growth in Vietnam is driving a substantial surge in electricity demand, projected to reach 124 thousand MW by 2030 according to the National Electricity Plan, positioning Vietnam second in Southeast Asia. This surge poses a significant challenge to national energy security, given the impracticality of effective coal mining in the country and the imperative to develop renewable energy sources. Anticipating the changes in Vietnam’s energy mix by 2050, this study foresees a substantial reduction in dependence on coal production. Government investment and green energy investment funds such as JETP are strategically directed towards renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen energy, and efficient energy storage technologies. Consequently, this research substantiates the viability of an energy transition from coal to green energy in Vietnam. The article presents an assessment of the rate of replacing coal with renewable energy sources, taking into consideration various scenarios for economic development, energy consumption growth, and the utilization of renewable energy sources.

Green hydrogen economy: Prospects and policies in Vietnam

Hydrogen (H2) plays an important role in the energy transition toward a zero-carbon economy, in which green H2 could replace fossil fuels in the refining, petrochemical, fertilizer, steel, cement, electricity, and transportation sectors. More importantly, the deployment of green H2 strategies could ensure energy security and create an efficient way of using national resources. Vietnam has been considered as a country with abundant resources to produce green H2 but several limitations slow down the transition to a green H2 economy. Therefore, this article reviews the progress and potential of green H2 production using solar and wind energy in Vietnam. In addition, the article analyzed the roadmaps and policies of various countries worldwide for the green H2 economy comprehensively aiming to make policy recommendations for Vietnam. Overall, the green H2 economy could promote Vietnam's stabilized socio-economic development according to the expected goals of the new era. Moreover, developing a green H2 economy could contribute to building the image of Vietnam as a green country, attracting foreign investment and sustainable development.

Environmental sustainability in Vietnam: evaluating the criticality of economic globalisation, renewable energy, and natural resources.

Vietnam's goal of achieving a certain level of decarbonisation by 2030 is difficult despite its awareness of the threat posed by climate change. However, the country is endowed with natural resources and the increasing dependence on the global economy coupled with greater investment in alternative energy sources are some of the factors responsible for economic expansion in recent years. Hence, the question arises "what are the environmental impacts of economic globalisation, economic growth, natural resources, and renewable energy in Vietnam?", which constitutes a major policy problem. In this study, a time series dataset stretching from 1984 to 2019 is employed to scrutinise the impact of economic globalisation, economic growth, natural resources, and renewable energy on Vietnam's CO2 emissions. This goal is achieved by employing the ARDL bounds testing procedure, dynamic ARDL, and spectral Granger-causality test. Moreover, the outcomes from the dynamic ARDL showed that economic globalisation and economic growth lead to environmental deterioration, whereas it is mitigated by renewable energy. Lastly, the outcomes from the spectral Granger-causality test indicate that a feedback causality association exists between CO2 emissions and the regressors, namely economic globalisation, renewable energy, and economic growth, while no causality connection exists between CO2 emissions and natural resources. Hence, we suggest thatactionsfor reducing emissions should involve the implementation of energy-efficient techniques and renewable technologies within the energy value chain.

Multicriteria Decision Making and Its Application in Geothermal Power Project

The International Energy Agency (IEA) assesses Vietnam as the second largest electricity user in Southeast Asia. The energy consumption growth rate in the region is one of the fastest in the world, with demand growing at a steady 6% per year for the past 20 years. Within the context that domestic fossil fuel production cannot keep up with demand and climate change is occurring, to avoid depending on imported energy to operate the power system, the Government of Vietnam has turned to developing renewable energy. The potential for developing geothermal energy in Vietnam is promising with more than 200 sources of water around 40 to 100 °C, which is sufficient for the development of geothermal energy projects. Today, a method to conserve natural resources and invest in renewable energy is provided by the government by controlling the importation of gas and coal while investing in building geothermal power plants. One of the hardest problems, however, is determining a suitable place to construct a geothermal power plant (GPP). For this main reason, in the hope of solving this problem, the author has proposed a decision-making model that utilizes a fuzzy set under multi-criteria conditions. It uses two methods, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) followed by Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS), for a GPP site selection decision. The FAHP model is first used to determine the weights of each criterion and sub-criterion. Then, the ranking of each alternative is calculated by the WASPAS model. A final alternative is determined to be the best solution based on calculations from the methods above for identifying suitable locations for a GPP. This research has contributed a method of using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for determining a suitable location selection. This contribution also shows a development of flexibility towards decision making for other renewable energy projects worldwide.

Does the potency of economic globalization and political instability reshape renewable energy usage in the face of environmental degradation?

Since renewable energy is essentially non-carbohydrate in nature, it can generate little or no pollutants and can therefore help in achieving both sustainable development and environmental quality. In this regard, the question that continues to persist is whether economic growth, economic globalization, and political risk can potentially affect renewable energy in the presence of environmental deterioration. In this context, the current research provides evidence to support this theoretical context by investigating the impact of economic globalization, economic growth environmental degradation, and political risk, on the usage of renewable energy in Vietnam using a dataset spanning the period between 1984 and 2019. For empirical analysis, the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag approach is utilized. Based on our analysis, economic growth positively impacts renewable energy in the long and short term. Economic globalization also positively affects renewable energy in the long term, but a neutral impact is uncovered in the short term. Political risk and environmental degradation are adversely related to renewable energy in the short and long run. The findings from the frequency domain approach reveal a causal interaction from political risk to renewable energy, and from renewable energy to economic globalization, whereas a feedback causal interaction is discovered between renewable energy and environment degradation, as well as between economic growth and renewable energy. From a policy standpoint, we propose that the Vietnamese policymakers need to consider economic globalization as a renewable energy promotion tool via capital inflow, foreign direct investment, and technological transfer.

Regional convergence of nonrenewable energy consumption in Vietnam

Over the past few decades, energy demand in Vietnam has increased dramatically to fuel one of the most rapidly growing economies in the world. It is therefore crucial for Vietnam's policymakers to develop a comprehensive energy strategy that ensures equality among its diverse regions, reduces the use of fossil fuels and mitigates carbon footprint. In this article, we examine the intensity of four major types of fossil-fuel energy consumed across 64 Vietnamese provinces to shed light on (1) the disparities in energy consumption and their determinants and (2) whether a shift to less-polluting energy sources has occurred over time. To this end, we employ a novel nonparametric approach that overcomes the limitations of the conventional convergence regression framework to study Vietnam's energy distribution dynamics. Our results support the formation of regional convergence clusters to a level lower than the national average consumption in the long run. We also show that, although the observed convergence pattern cannot be explained in isolation by the spatial differences in income or the magnitude of agricultural and export activities, these factors should be taken into account when sustainable energy and environmental protection policies are formulated.

Legal Policies on Renewable Energy For Sustainable Economic Development in Vietnam

Using renewable energy is a new trend around the World recently. It is a good way to protect the environment and implement the sustainable economic development Goals. Following that trend, Vietnam’s Government has enacted many legal policy and regulation to encourage everybody using of renewable energy. In this article, the author will analyze the international and domestic law and regulation on renewable energy in Vietnam. To do this research, the author uses many kinds of methodologies such as analysis Vietnam’s legal policy and documents (law and regulations) related to energy activities, use the hypotheses developed in the study shows how to use law and regulation to govern energy activities in Vietnam, survey, etc.

Using Clean Energy for Sustainable Development in Vietnam: Facts and Solutions

Using clean energy is a recent trend around the world. It is a good way to protect the environment and implement the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Following that trend, in recent years, the Vietnam government has enacted many legal policies and regulations to encourage everybody to use clean energy to live and develop economics. This paper analyzed the facts and problems of using clean energy as well as law and regulation in Vietnam, in comparison with other countries around the world. Then, some solutions to improve the problems related to using clean energy in Vietnam for the next period are recommended. Methodologies such as analysis of Vietnam’s legal policy and documents (law and regulations) related to energy activities were used. The hypotheses developed during the study shows how to use law and regulation to govern energy activities in Vietnam.

An intelligent multi-criteria decision-based approach for sustainable growth of the energy sector: the case study of India and Vietnam

Traditional and sustainable forms of energy are examined from a variety of angles, including economics, technology, society, ecology, politics, and flexibility, to ensure that Vietnam’s energy industry continues to expand sustainably. These sources have been evaluated and assessed using an extended spherical fuzzy MCDM method. Thermal, gas, nuclear, solar, wind, biomass, and hydro energy alternatives are employed in the decision-making model. The weights of evaluation criteria are determined using the spherical fuzzy AHP model, and renewable power choices are prioritized using the WPM model. We used six main criteria, twenty-six sub-criteria, and seven alternatives. In Vietnam, solar power was found to be the most suitable, followed by wind and hydropower, followed by hydro, followed by Biomass. The worst alternative is thermal. After that, fourteen situations were built, taking into consideration the first five renewable technologies (solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and gas power), in assessing the ideal energy mix scenario for the slow gestation of Vietnam's energy sector. Solar, wind, and hydro energy growth in a pass shipping scenario.

Dimethyl ether production from rice straw: process modelling and simulation

Climate change has been a worldwide concern for recently centuries, and exploitation as well as use of fossil fuels dominantly contribute towards the environmental degradation. Several types of alternative energy resources have been taken into account and evaluated in order to find out viable options for the future, and dimethyl ether (DME) is one of those that are worth serious consideration. In this research, a continuous DME production process was developed and simulated using Aspen HYSYSTM. Rice straw, the most popular type of biomass in Vietnam, was chosen to be feedstock for the fuel production. The proposed process consists of five major sections: rice straw pretreatment and gasification for synthesis gas (syngas) generation using a circulating fluidized bed gasifier (CFBG); water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) for H2/CO ratio adjustment in syngas; gas cleaning stage where H2O, H2S and CO2 are removed; DME synthesis via direct production pathway; and DME purification for separation of main product and recycling of methanol. The simulation results indicated a production capacity of approximately 2,307 kg of DME per hour and chemical energy conversion efficiency (ηDME) from biomass into DME of 75%. In addition to that finding, an investigation into the gasifier's operating parameters was conducted for the purpose of maximizing amount of DME generated. From investigation data obtained, the operating temperature of CFBG, steam to biomass (S/B) ratio, and equivalence ratio (ER) that fulfilled such an aim were concluded to be 900oC, 0.27, and 0.32, respectively. This work offers a novel option for utilization of massive availablity of agricultural residues in Vietnam by turning it into a type of promising fuel, and therefore lessen environmental burden as well as may develop Vietnam's energy market.

Green technology for sustainable development: Practice and experience of renewable energy in Vietnam

In 2015, the Vietnam’s Renewable Energy Development Strategy up to 2020 with an outlook to 2050 was approved. Renewable energy sources were developing to ensure energy security and addressing the growing power demand of the country. Increasing renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, wind and small hydro is the way to shift Vietnam to a sustainable energy future. The general picture on Vietnamese renewable energy practice and experience are presented in this paper. Also it offers suggestion the technical and political keys to minimize the barriers in renewable energy sector. It is the general review of available sources on Green technology for sustainable development: Practice and experience of renewable energy in Vietnam. In conclusion the study gives brief status of energy barriers, biomass, renewable energy, small-hydro power, solar power, and wind power of Vietnam

The competition possibility between renewable energy and fossil energy in Vietnam in the future

ABSTRACT With high economic growth, Vietnam is now witnessing an increasing energy demand, having much potential for renewable sources such as wind energy, solar energy or biomass energy. The nation is heavily dependent on fossil energy sources such as coal and oil. This situation raises concerns about both energy security and the environment. Therefore, a question arises if Vietnam can develop renewable energy to solve energy demand, energy security and reduce climate change impacts as committed. This article analyses a considerable potential for renewable energy sources (especially wind and solar energy). The analysis also indicates competitiveness between these renewable energy sources compared to the traditional energy sources that Vietnam is dependent on, especially when there are policies to encourage the development of renewable energy and limit emissions. This article proposes some recommendations to develop renewable energy sources, with an overview of replacing fossil energy in Vietnam.

국내 기업의 베트남 에너지 시장 진출 기회 탐색 : 다층적 관점에 기반한 전력시장 정책 분석을 중심으로

국내 기업의 베트남 에너지 시장 진출 기회 탐색 : 다층적 관점에 기반한 전력시장 정책 분석을 중심으로

Design of small scale, axial flux, permanent magnet wind generator in Vietnam

This paper presents the design of light weight, small scale, disk type, axial flux, permanent magnet (AFPM) generator for wind applications. This article also shows the partial works done under state projects in renewable energy in Vietnam to find out the most suitable, reliable, self - made wind generator types for rural and remote areas. The collaboration project of Hochiminh City University (HCMUT) - Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST) - Berlin University of Technology (TU Berlin) resulted in some small scale, axial flux, slow speed, permanent magnet (PM) generators which best suited for Vietnam countryside areas. The researches in rare earth PM from HUST, the electrical machine design knowhow of TU Berlin and the renewable energy research experiences of HCMUT, especially in slow speed wind turbines have shown many promising applications. The small scale, permanent magnet wind generator for remote and rural areas as a cheap source of power supply is necessary in Vietnam. Though there are many large wind farms built in many provinces recently but the needs for telecommunication, family lighting in the heights, mountain, unreachable electric grid communes are still necessary. Further research should be done to match the generator for hydro power stations, diesel coupled internal combustion engine. These prospects are very promising.

Study on Performance and Economic Efficiency of Solar Power on Agricultural Land: A case study in Central Region, Vietnam

Vietnam is an agricultural country with about 35% of the land devoted to agricultural production and has a solar energy source with average radiation of about 4-5 kWh/m 2 /day. A combination of agricultural production and solar power can ensure support for rural economic development. However, these projects have not been evaluated in detail by Vietnamese investors. In the paper, the economic efficiency of a typical solar power project on agricultural land in Gia Lai province, Central Region, Vietnam is analyzed by using RETScreen financial-economic efficiency analysis software. This study shows that the payback time of a typical solar power system on agricultural land in Gia Lai province is about 8 years. Moreover, the results also help investors understand more the benefits to encourage investment and develop the combination of agriculture and solar energy in Vietnam. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.13090127.2021.11.2.32.1

A design of solar battery cleaning system by modularity method

According to the World Bank statistical report, Vietnam has an average of 1,600-2,700 hours of sunshine and normal direct radiation averaging 4-5 kWh per square meter a day. Before 2017, solar energy was considered worthless in Vietnam's energy development strategy, but by the end of 2019, Vietnam overtook Malaysia and Thailand to become the country with the largest solar panel installation capacity in Southeast Asia. The photovoltaic projects in Vietnam has reached 5 gigawatts (GW), far exceeding from the target of 1 GW that proposed by the Government in 2020 [1]. The strong development of solar energy from industry to civil activities has led to the development of ancillary services such as installation, maintenance and commerce. To ensure the productivity, all solar panels must be cleaned to absorb solar energy as much as possible. In the paper, we mention on the design of a solar panel cleaning robot that has a compact size, easy to move through the panels, taking advantage of domestic factors to have an edge price. The highlight point in that work is our application of the modularity method to gain the best competition with the other existing products on the market.

On The Establishment of the National Renewable Energy Center in Vietnam: a Technological and Economic Study of the Potential of Renewable Energy Sources

Currently, the structure of Vietnam‘s energy sources is changing, with renewable energy sources starting to play an increasing role in meeting the electricity demand and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil energy sources. Vietnam's energy development strategy suggests building some renewable energy centers, of which Ninh Thuan is the first province to become the national renewable energy center. This is because of Ninh Thuan’s endowment as a province having the highest renewable energy potential in Vietnam. The development of a large renewable energy center allows power system planners to overcome the mismatch in timescales associated with expanding transmission power grid and renewable energy generation. Besides, the renewable energy center can facilitate large-scale renewable energy and storage projects. The province of Ninh Thuan, however, is located far from the main load centers of Vietnam, which is why the economic indicators need to be calculated and analyzed. This paper presents the results of an analysis of economic indicators of major renewable electricity sources in Ninh Thuan (onshore wind power, offshore wind power, and solar power) to provide scientific arguments for developing a renewable energy center in Vietnam.

A Methodology to Calculate the Supply and Demand Balance by Region for Vietnam's Energy Systems

The energy supply and demand balance is one of the important issues to address when proposing options for energy system development. Currently, several tools are utilized for calculating the supply and demand balance for Vietnam's energy systems. These tools are instrumental in developing the national energy system. However, most of them treat the national energy system as a unified whole, with no specific focus on regional energy supply and demand balances. This paper presents a methodology to calculate the supply and demand balance for Vietnam's energy systems by region, with the practical application of Corrective Module1, a piece of software which is a result of the joint research and development effort by the Institute of Energy Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) and the Melentiev Energy Systems Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). The findings of this study demonstrate that the energy system supply and demand balance calculated by region is the scientific basis for researchers, managers, and policymakers to get a clear vision of possible energy system development at the national and regional scale and to provide directions and policies that are consistent with the conditions of each region and the country. This approach is appropriate for Vietnam's geographical conditions, infrastructure, energy resources, load distribution, and policy framework.

Potential and trends of use clean energy in Vietnam

Currently, the use of clean energy to replace traditional energy is a trend that most countries in the world use to solve the problem: The use of energy so that it can ensure efficient sustainable development, environmental protection, anti-climate change, especially in developing countries like Vietnam. Based on the analysis of the current status of clean energy use in Vietnam, the article gives a comprehensive picture of the potential of developing available clean raw materials such as wind, solar and biomass energy, geothermal energy, energy from domestic waste,... The results of the study are expected to be considered by resource managers in the Clean Energy Exploitation Plan for the rational use of resources and protection. environment in the context of Vietnam's current conditions.