Presence Of Energy Research Articles

The process of saving cold energy in presence of nanomaterial within storage enclosure

Current work explores the potential benefits of incorporating nano-powders into water to enhance the freezing process, focusing on a tank equipped with fins for cold storage. By blending alumina nanoparticles with water, a nanomaterial is created, facilitating improved cold energy absorption through conduction mechanisms. The simplified mathematical model utilized in this study accounts for the dominance of conduction over convection, streamlining the equations for solution via the Galerkin method. Verification of the numerical techniques and assumptions against existing literature ensures the reliability of the model. The outputs illustrated a substantial decrement in completion time, with a 10.64 % decrease observed with an increase in shape factor. The most efficient freezing process occurs in the presence of nanoparticles with the highest shape factor and concentration. In comparison, the freezing time for water alone stands at 5033.7 s, marking a notable 32.7 % decrease with the introduction of nanoparticles.

표준중국어 폐쇄·지속의 음향적 연구

A stop consonant is a phoneme that exists in all languages, and each language has one or more stop consonants systems, and each language's stop consonants system is divided into two, three, and four confrontation systems depending on the voice, presence of energy, or tension of the vocal cords. Standard Chinese stop consonants are clearly distinguished its phonation type by their aspiration characteristics, and have a binary oppositional system of aspirated and unaspirated consonants depending on the presence or absence of aspiration. This study examines the acoustic characteristics contributing to the discrimination of phonation type based on VOT, CD, VD, and F0, which are various acoustic characteristics of standard Chinese stop consonants in different environments. It is significant in that it is found that VOT, CD, and VD are acoustic cues that can divided into two confrontation system standard Chinese stop consonants, and F0 is not an acoustic cue that distinguishes the phonation types of standard Chinese stop consonants.

Performance enhancement of smart grid with demand side management program contemplating the effect of uncertainty of renewable energy sources

ABSTRACT In a day ahead electricity market, all candidates of the electricity market, i.e. electricity users, aggregator, and grid operator urge to grow individual profit, but it is quite challenging to assure profit for all the candidates at a time. In this work, a multi-objective problem is formulated by combining the concept of demand side management (DSM) and Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch (DEED). The multi-objective DSM – DEED problem is optimized by class topper optimization algorithm. In addition, an energy management algorithm (EMA) is proposed for optimal power utilization from various energy sources and to match the load demand with generated energy in presence of uncertainties of RESs. To get an accurate model, a random forest regression-based machine learning approach is considered in this paper to predict load demand, wind, and solar power on an hourly basis for a span of 24 hours. The objective here is to optimally schedule load consumption and power generation patterns simultaneously for a day to improve load factor, minimize operational cost, and maximize the profit of all the candidates of the electricity market simultaneously. The simulation findings highlight the effects of the proposed EMA and modified DSM program on the smart grid’s economy and performance.

Anisotropic motion of an electric dipole in a photon gas near a flat conducting boundary

The quantum Brownian motion of a single neutral particle with nonzero electric dipole moment placed in a photon gas at fixed temperature and close to a conducting wall is here examined. The interaction of the particle with the photon field leads to quantum dispersions of its linear and angular momenta, whose magnitudes depend on the temperature, distance to the wall, and also on the dipole moment characteristics. It is shown that for typical experimental parameters the amount of energy held by the dipole rotation is expressively larger than the one related to the center of mass translation. Furthermore, the particle kinetic energy in presence of a thermal bath can decrease if the wall is added to the system, representing a novel quantum cooling effect where the work done by the quantum vacuum extracts energy from the particle. Finally, possible observable consequences are discussed.

Perception of Subtle Energy "Prana", and Its Effects During Biofield Practices: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.

The idea of "life force" or "subtle pranic energy," sometimes referred to as prana, ki, qi, vital force, and scientifically accepted as biofield, is prevalent across many cultures. This review's objective is to synthesize data from studies that looked at a range of physical, psychological, and biofield sensations while experiencing prana and receiving biofield therapies. We looked for qualitative, exploratory, and mixed-method studies on subtle pranic energy perceptions, as well as the physical and emotional experiences connected to biofield therapeutic procedures, through searches in 3 electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, ninteen studies were appropriate for this review. The results were synthesized using the 6 steps of the thematic analysis approach. The first concept, "energy experiences," comprises 4 themes that describe participants' sensations of prana (awareness of temperature variation; presence of energy; physical sensation of energy; and magnetic sensation). The second concept, "positive experiences," consists of 3 themes that describe the benefits of undergoing biofield therapy on the physical and emotional conditions of the participants (positive affective experiences; positive physical sensations; and positive valued experiences). The third concept, "experience of awareness," describes how participants become aware of their mental activities (awareness of mental activities). Our knowledge of perceptions and experiences related to biofield therapy is enhanced by this meta-synthesis. It gave a comprehensive picture of the enormous sensations and advantages that were felt when engaging in biofield practices.

Entanglement entropy and negativity in the Ising model with defects

Defects in two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) contain signatures of their characteristics. In this work, we analyze entanglement properties of subsystems in the presence of energy and duality defects in the Ising CFT using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) technique. In particular, we compute the entanglement entropy (EE) and the entanglement negativity (EN) in the presence of defects. For the EE, we consider the cases when the defect lies within the subsystem and at the edge of the subsystem. We show that the EE for the duality defect exhibits fundamentally different characteristics compared to the energy defect due to the existence of localized and delocalized zero energy modes. Of special interest is the nontrivial ‘finite-size correction’ in the EE obtained recently using free fermion computations [1]. These corrections arise when the subsystem size is appreciable compared to the total system size and lead to a deviation from the usual logarithmic scaling characteristic of one-dimensional quantum-critical systems. Using matrix product states with open and infinite boundary conditions, we numerically demonstrate the disappearance of the zero mode contribution for finite subsystem sizes in the thermodynamic limit. Our results provide further support to the recent free fermion computations, but clearly contradict earlier analytical field theory calculations based on twisted torus partition functions. Subsequently, we compute the logarithm of the EN (log-EN) between two disjoint subsystems separated by a defect. We show that the log-EN scales logarithmically with the separation of the subsystems. However, the coefficient of this logarithmic scaling yields a continuously-varying effective central charge that is different from that obtained from analogous computations of the EE. The defects leave their fingerprints in the subleading term of the scaling of the log-EN. Furthermore, the log-EN receives similar ‘finite size corrections’ like the EE which leads to deviations from its characteristic logarithmic scaling.

Investigation of vacancy formation energy and binding energy in fcc crystals by pseudopotential technique

The parameters of Heine and Abarenkov model potential have been computed for 21 face centered cubic (fcc) closed pack crystals and a comparison is made with their magnitudes to the Ashcroft model potential. The magnitudes of monovacancy and divacancy formation energy are calculated for different fcc crystals and compared with the literature. Huge values of divacancy formation energy and divacancy binding energy in some higher valence fcc metals are attributed to the probability of instability of these defects there. Lastly, the changes in monovacancy formation energy and divacancy formation energy in presence of an impurity in three simple metals Cu, Ag, Au are calculated.

Galerkin finite element inspection of thermal distribution of renewable solar energy in presence of binary nanofluid in parabolic trough solar collector

Solar collectors absorb solar radiation at the focus of solar concentrating systems in the form of thermal energy which is then transferred to the nanofluid. The work targets the entropy generation in a binary nanofluid porous medium flow over an infinite flat surface. The non-linear fluid motion is triggered by the extending surface in a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC). On applying suitable similarity transformation the governing PDEs and their partial differential and the bounding constraints are attenuated into ODEs system. Approximate solutions of ODEs were solved using Galerkin finite element method (G-FEM). Two distinct engine oil-based nanofluids containing copper (Cu-EO) and magnetite(Fe3O4-EO) were evaluated and the findings were described. A substantial magnetic parameter lowered the Nusselt amountbut raised the drag forcefactor, according to the results. Additionally, total entropy alterations in the modelare increased for fluidity using Reynolds, and viscosity variations are tracked using the Brinkman amount. A new analysis stated that a binary nano-based fluid improved the thermal prospector in the PTSC. The sticking feature of the investigation is the comparative heat transfer rate of Cu/Fe3O4-EO. The heat competence of Cu-EO over Fe3O4-EO gets down to a minimal level of 1.6% and peaked at 14.9%.

A solar backup system to provide reliable energy in presence of unplanned power outages

Unreliable power grids in sub-Saharan countries have forced households to seek on-site power generation (self-generation) options. Although diesel generators have the largest share of backup systems, the use of solar systems has been growing over the years. This paper presents a solar backup system including PV panels, a battery and a solar hot water (SHW) to provide both reliable energy and hot water to households. Moreover, two different configurations have been studied to improve the hot water system's performance. Whilst the SHW is limited to preheating the electric hot water in the first configuration, in the second it can individually provide the hot water for short-term uses in cases of lack of energy. The solar backup system is equipped with an intelligent prediction-based controller that can control the power flow and the hot water temperature in the presence of power limitations and unplanned power outages. Evaluation of the proposed system using real datasets shows that in addition to delivering reliable energy and hot water, the total cost of the solar solution over the project life is about 25% lower than the diesel generator's, making it a more viable investment.

Evolution of neutrino mass-mixing parameters in matter with non-standard interactions

We explore the role of matter effect in the evolution of neutrino oscillation parameters in the presence of lepton-flavor-conserving and lepton-flavor-violating neutral-current non-standard interactions (NSI) of the neutrino. We derive simple approximate analytical expressions showing the evolution of mass-mixing parameters in matter with energy in the presence of standard interactions (SI) and SI+NSI (considering both positive and negative values of real NSI parameters). We observe that only the NSI parameters in the (2,3) block, namely εμτ and (γ − β) ≡ (εττ− εμμ) affect the modification of θ23. Though all the NSI parameters influence the evolution of θ13, εeμ and εeτ show a stronger impact at the energies relevant for DUNE. The solar mixing angle θ12 quickly approaches to ∼ 90° with increasing energy in both SI and SI+NSI cases. The change in ∆ {m}_{21,m}^2 is quite significant as compared to ∆ {m}_{31,m}^2 both in SI and SI+NSI frameworks for the energies relevant for DUNE baseline. Flipping the signs of the NSI parameters alters the way in which mass-mixing parameters run with energy. We demonstrate the utility of our approach in addressing several important features related to neutrino oscillation such as: a) unraveling interesting degeneracies between θ23 and NSI parameters, b) estimating the resonance energy in presence of NSI when θ13 in matter becomes maximal, c) figuring out the required baselines and energies to have maximal matter effect in νμ → νe transition in the presence of different NSI parameters, and d) studying the impact of NSI parameters εμτ and (γ − β) on the νμ → νμ survival probability.

Implementing renewable solar energy in presence of Maxwell nanofluid in parabolic trough solar collector: a computational study

The solar radiations are absorbed in the form of heat energy by using the solar centering systems in solar collectors, this energy is then transmitted to nanofluid. This study concerns the production of entropy in a Maxwell nanofluid passed over an infinite horizontal surface. Then the non-linear stretching of the surface causes a flow in parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC). The similarity transformations are employed to transmute the system of PDEs into a system of solvable ODEs provided with the boundary conditions. Eventually, the classical Keller box scheme is applied to find the numerical solutions of transmutes ODEs. The analysis of two distinct nanofluids including copper-engine oil (Cu-EO) and zirconium dioxide-engine oil ZrO2-EO is taken into account and the results for both of them are discussed. The extracted results demonstrate a decline in Nusselt number with growing permeable media parameter and augmentation for increasing values of skin friction coefficient. A recent study is presented to provide information related to the enhancement of heat collector in the PTSC with Maxwell nanofluid. The minimal level of efficiency of Cu-EO over ZrO2-EO is 7.1% and the maximum level is up to 18.7%.

Quasi-local Casimir energy and vacuum buoyancy in a weak gravitational field

Casimir energy in presence of a weak gravitational field is discussed taking into account the issues related to energy and its conservation in a curved background. It is well-known that there are inherent difficulties in defining energy in general relativity, essentially due to its non-localizability. Using the concept of quasi-local mass and energy, it is shown that it is possible to attribute a Tolman mass to a massless scalar field confined to a Casimir cavity. Such non-local mass coincides—as expected—with the Casimir energy. The present approach offers an alternative derivation of the vacuum buoyancy force acting on a Casimir cavity, confirming the results presented by Calloni et al in a series of papers devoted to explore the possibility of experimentally weighting the Casimir vacuum (the so-called Archimedes experiment).

Determination of optimal location of FACTS device to improve integration rate of wind energy in presence of MBPSS regulator

Determination of optimal location of FACTS device to improve integration rate of wind energy in presence of MBPSS regulator

The importance of the Central Asian region in energy security at the global level: A review

Energy security is an important issue locally and globally. Likewise, the most recent technological developments concern the sustainability and environmental impact of nonrenewable energy. Thus, most countries' concern has increased in new and renewable energy sources for generating electricity to reduce the consumption of nonrenewable energy. The central Asian region (CAR) is one of the most regions that contain much more energy. In this way, it is one of the primary exporters of energy for the global market. The Central Asian area contains around 5.5% of the world's hydro potential. Furthermore, over 20% of the world's investigated uranium is in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Natural gas is the most consumed resource in the CAR countries, 75% of which is consumed in Uzbekistan, and the second place, consumed by the CAR countries, goes to coal, where 93% of its stores are consumed in Kazakhstan. The countries that produce most of the oil in Central Asia are Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Kazakhstan provides 1.2 billion metric tons of oil and Uzbekistan provides up to 730 million barrels of oil. Kyrgyzstan has great potential for using renewable energy, including, solar energy, hydropower, and biomass. Thus, utilizing renewable energy for Kyrgyzstan must be addressed as a solution for population growth and socioeconomic problems in the future. Finally, the presence of energy is generating interest. However, the construction of pipelines is needed.

Security of Energy Supply with Knowledge of Expected Production and Consumption Trends

The history of mankind is accompanied by the presence of energy, its ever-expanding uses and forms, and the ever-increasing need for energy. For the man of the present-day energy is present in so many forms of appearance and use that it could not be listed without being exhaustive. The use of energy is decisive in every segment of modern human life. Without exaggeration, it can be stated that the conditions of the urbanized man living today would basically change without energy. Without electricity, nothing would work, such as control systems implemented by computing devices as well as the main and auxiliary equipment of basic power systems. It is easy to see that the absence of electricity water and gas supply would be a cut off. Ventilation systems would not work. Traffic would stop and it would be total dark at night. There would be no heating and cooling systems for the apartments. Industrial and agricultural production would stop. There would be no drinking water or food. Communication and security systems would not work. National law enforcement would not be able to fulfil its function. Lack of energy would lead to economic and social disaster. Today’s global population of nearly 8 billion people is depleting the Earth’s energy supply and destroying its natural environment at the cost of ruthless energy use. If the current energy use trend of civilization will not be moderated and modified, the conditions of humanity as a whole will be jeopardized, in the immediate future. In this case, we will eliminate the living conditions of future generations. It is a popular saying that the Earth is not ours, we have just borrowed it from our grandchildren. It is our responsibility to pass on a liveable world to posterity.

Novel standalone plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging station fed by solar energy in presence of a fuel cell system used as supporting power source

A novel standalone charging station (CS) fed by solar energy and a supporting fuel cell (FC) stack has been built to charge electric vehicles (EVs). In addition to this, a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been utilized to maximally extract electric power from photovoltaic (PV) array used in the constructed CS. Battery bank is the important unit of a conventional standalone CS that absorbs/produces extra electric power available/required in the CS by charging/discharging itself. This is the main shortcoming of conventional standalone CSs because battery bank is an expensive device that provides a lifetime shorter than normal when it is utilized in a CS. This is because of the huge number of charge/discharge cycle that should be conducted by it. In this work, to overcome this issue, the battery bank has been replaced with a proposed FC system comprising a FC stack, an electrolyzer, two hydrogen tanks and a FC controller. At any time when charge demand is greater than PV output power, the rest of demand is supplied by the FC system. Vice versa, the electrolyzer absorbs extra PV output power and produces hydrogen by extracting it from water when PV output power is greater than charge demand. Experimental results and data recorded under normal operation of the built CS are given. Compared to conventional standalone CSs, the contributions of the built CS are as follows. First, the proposed FC system with permanent lifetime and a price of $39800 has been used as substitute for battery banks with limited lifetime and being significantly more expensive ($140000 over 30 years). Second, a novel MPPT technique with adaptive step-size has been used in the CS to extract maximum PV power. Third, the CS built in this research work not only is standalone but also is only fed by solar energy, so it can be utilized in absence of electric grids and negative effects such as air pollution.

Features of the Charge State of UHMWPE + α-SiO2 Nanocomposites

This paper presents the results into the study of electret properties of composite materials based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and nano-dispersed amorphous silica filler α-SiO2 (aerosil) depending on the volume content of silicon dioxide and the absorbed dose D γ-irradiation at room temperature using the method of thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD). It was found that introducing up to 5% of spherical nanoparticles of amorphous α-SiO2 silicon dioxide with a diameter of 20 nm in UHMWPE first increases and then reduces the electret characteristics of the composites. UHMWPE + 1% α-SiO2 has the maximum value of the electret potential difference and the stability of the electret state. It was shown that preliminary γ-irradiation affects the electret properties of the studied composite material, which is associated with its increased electrical conductivity and a high charge relaxation rate. The observed increase in the initial surface charge density σel of UHMWPE compositions is associated with the presence of energy traps of injected charge carriers. Based on the analyzing the spectra of TSD, it was shown that the thermal stability of electrets from the UHMWPE composite + 1% α-SiO2 is improved. The nature of the TSD current of pre-γ-irradiated films once again proves that, after γ-irradiation, the injected charges from the corona zone mainly accumulate in the near-surface layers of the irradiated samples. The results of TSD suggest that the relaxation of the electret state in the materials under study occurs due to the bulk conductivity.

Cosmology of a generalised version of holographic dark energy in presence of bulk viscosity and its inflationary dynamics through slow roll parameters

This study reports a reconstruction scheme of a Dark Energy (DE) model with higher-order derivative of Hubble parameter, which is a particular case of Nojiri–Odintsov holographic DE (HDE) [S. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 38 (2006) 1285.] that unifies phantom inflation with the acceleration of the universe on late-time. The reconstruction has been carried out in the presence of bulk viscosity, where the bulk-viscous pressure has been taken as a function of Hubble parameter. Ranges of cosmic time [Formula: see text] have been derived for quintessence, cosmological constant and phantom behaviour of the equation-of-state (EoS) parameter. In the viscous scenario, the reconstruction has been carried out in an interacting and noninteracting situations and in both the cases stability against small perturbations has been observed. Finally, the slow roll parameters have been studied and a scope of exit from inflation has been observed. Also, the availability of quasi-exponential expansion has been demonstrated for interacting viscous scenario and a study through tensor-to-scalar ratio has ensured consistency of the model with the observational bound by Planck. Alongwith primordial fluctuations, the interacting scenario has been found to generate strong dissipative regime.

Energy capacity, industrial production, and the environment: an empirical analysis from Pakistan.

This paper aims to find out relationships among the energy, environment, and the industrial production for a developing country which is in earlier stages of development. It also tests a few contradicting hypotheses to find the possible shape of an environmental Kuznets curve. Using the time series data, the study finds robust long-run relationships between energy, environment, and industrial production for Pakistan. The scale economy is also assumed. It is also found that the capital and labor elasticities of income show increasing returns in the presence of energy and emission variables. It finds evidence of EKC in a quadratic restricted model but not in a cubic function. This analysis implies that the focus of policy authorities should be to persuade environment-friendly energy resources. After an initial stage of economic development, society has to take serious measure to tackle the issues of environmental degradation.

Novel stand-alone, completely autonomous and renewable energy based charging station for charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)

A novel stand-alone charging station (CS) powered by a combination of solar and wind energy in presence of a fuel cell (FC) system is designed and constructed for charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The built CS is high-efficient due to putting to practical use a proposed novel variable step-size maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme applied to both photovoltaic (PV) and wind parts of the CS. The main defect of a stand-alone CS is its necessity to battery banks which not only are expensive but also provide short lifetime due to a considerable number of daily charge and discharge imposed to them in a CS. This problem has been solved in this study by utilizing a FC system as supporting power source playing two roles. First, whenever PV and wind power production is less than charge demand, the FC system produces extra electric energy required. Second, whenever PV and wind power production is more than charge demand, the electrolyzer of the FC system produces hydrogen by absorbing extra electric power available in the system. Thus, the FC system acts as a high-capacity storage device in continuously regulating charging power to instant charge demand. The CS has been built, and experimental measurements obtained from its realistic operation are presented that prove the novelty and contributions of the constructed CS compared to those available as:● For the first time, it uses a FC system with permanent lifetime and a total cost of about $21000 as the storage device of the CS instead of an associated 6.5 kWh Li-ion battery bank providing a short lifetime of about 500 days and a total cost of about $70000 per 30 years.● It is high-efficient due to using a proposed novel variable step-size MPPT scheme with the efficiency and tracking time of, respectively, 99.6% and 12 ms applied to both PV and wind parts of the CS that high efficiently converts solar and wind energy into electric power.● It is stand-alone, completely autonomous and 100% renewable energy based resulting in unavailability of any harmful environmental impact and the possibility of installing the CS in remote areas where there is no grid.● The total construction cost of the built CS is about $99500 with a payback period of only 16 months.