Energy Flow Rate Research Articles

Energy generation and flow rate prediction of photovoltaic water pumping system for irrigation

This paper aims to present future energy and flow rate generation scenario of conventionally designed photovoltaic water pumping system for irrigation using projected climate change and degradation factor. The mean monthly water flow rate from the pump was predicted for different months using expected power for 16S × 1P PV array configuration. The mean monthly expected power from solar PV system was estimated using climate change forecast of solar radiation and temperature for 30 years of lifetime period of solar PV pumping system. The estimation of expected power at predicted solar radiation and temperature also includes the yearly system components degradation rate. The water flow rates were predicted using an experimentally developed mathematical model for a given pump. The experimental model simulates the water flow rate for various solar power and heads (30 m, 40 m and 50 m). The field data were obtained using a pumping test facility located at a farm site of IIT Kharagpur (India). It was found that the flow rate increases with the increase in pump power for each head. The yearly pattern of predicted energy and flow rate for different months showed a decreasing trend as the projected temperature rise and component degradation reduces the energy yield from the PV array. The results indicated that the overall reduction in the capacity of a PV system is in the range of 25–27% for different months in which climate change (rise in temperature) showed minor effect (3%) and can be neglected. The mitigating measures for energy loss are required to fulfil future irrigation demand.

Evaluation of Energy Dissipation and Flow Rate of Elliptical-Lopac Gate under Sudden Transition Condition

Evaluation of Energy Dissipation and Flow Rate of Elliptical-Lopac Gate under Sudden Transition Condition

AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR CONTROLLING HYDRATE FORMATION IN NATURAL GAS REDUCTION UNIT WITH LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION

Background The article is devoted to the problem of controlling gas hydrates formation at a gas pressure reduction station due to the process of natural gas pressure reduction. Aims and Objectives The main aim of the study is to propose the use of fiberglass pipes as a method of controlling gas hydrates formation in the gas reduction line of a natural gas reduction plant with liquefied natural gas production. Comparison of the developed technology for hydrate formation controlling with the control method, originally laid down in the reduction unit under consideration. Ensuring safe work of service personnel, reducing economic costs for the construction and operation of the gas distribution station due to the use of the developed technology controlling gas hydrate formation in the gas reduction line of the reduction unit. Results Modern trends in the introduction of lowtonnage production of liquefied hydrocarbons on the basis of a gas distribution station are considered. The method of hydrate formation controlling in the line of gas reduction unit, originally laid down by the author of the patent, is analyzed, and the conclusion is made that the use of this technology to control gas hydrates is inappropriate from the point of view of the safety of gas distribution station workers. The advantages of fiberglass pipes made of composite materials over steel pipes are established. It is proved that the use of composite gas pipelines as a method of controlling hydrate formation in a reduction unit provides a positive economic effect in the construction and operation of a gas distribution station due to certain advantages of fiberglass pipes over steel pipes. It has been proved that to ensure the safety of the work of the personnel of a gas distribution station operating a natural gas reduction unit with the production of liquefied natural gas, it is advisable to replace steel pipes with fiberglass pipes made of composite materials, instead of using an increase in the energy flow rate and its turbulization to control gas hydrates formation. The percentage of reduction of friction pressure losses in the technological gas pipeline of the unit was calculated when replacing steel pipes with composite ones. It is proved that the use of the developed technology to hydrate formation control in the reduction gas line of the reduction unit provides a more rational use of the energy of the natural gas stream. The preservation of the temperature of the transported energy carrier in the future will allow the use of the stored heat for the needs of the station or for the needs of consumers.

Streaming-potential-mediated pressure-driven transport of Phan-Thien-Tanner fluids in a microchannel.

Streaming potential mediated pressure driven electrokinetic transport of Phan-Thien-Tanner fluids in a slit type parallel plate microchannel is studied analytically and semianalytically. Without adopting the traditional considerations of Debye-Hückel linearization approximation for low surface potentials, exact analytical solutions are obtained for the electrostatic potential distribution, velocity, and volumetric flow rates taking into account the full Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The influences of interfacial electrokinetics and viscoelasticity on the streaming potential development, polymeric stress components, shear viscosity, and the hydroelectric energy conversion efficiency are incorporated concurrently. Major findings indicate that the magnitude of the induced streaming potential, volumetric flow rates, and the energy conversion efficiency increases up to a threshold limit of zeta potential of ζ≤6, however, it follows an asymptotic reduction at the other end of higher zeta potentials 6<ζ≤10. The polymeric stress components and shear viscosity follow a similar trend in the regime of 1≤ζ≤10, which is primarily governed by the streaming potential field. In contrast, the transverse averaged shear viscosity in the range 1≤ζ≤10 obeys an opposite trend by yielding an inverted parabolic shape. Amplification in the Stern layer conductivity yields a progressive reduction in the streaming potential magnitude and the hydroelectric energy conversion efficiency. The effect of the fluid viscoelasticity designated by the Weissenberg number exhibits a linear enhancement in streaming potential, flow rates, and the energy conversion efficiency. Moreover, we show that with the optimal combinations of surface charging and fluid viscoelasticity, it is possible to accomplish a giant augmentation in the hydroelectric energy conversion efficiency and flow rates. The analytical and semianalytical results presented in this investigation are believed to be worthy not only to cater deeper understanding in micro- and nanofluidic transport characteristics but also will act as functional design instrument for the future generation of energy efficient narrow fluidic devices.

Kinetic study of dry reforming of methane using hybrid DBD plasma reactor over La2O3 co-supported Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst

A kinetic study on dry reforming of methane (DRM) in hybrid dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor over La2O3 co-supported Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst has been investigated. Three different parametric effects namely specific input energy (SIE), discharge volume (VD) and feed flow rate corresponding to GHSV (h−1) are studied using the modified power-law model. The developed kinetic model indicates instantaneous conversions of CH4 and CO2 are functions of SIE, VD and GHSV. Increasing SIE linearly enhances the conversion of CH4 and CO2, while VD displays a non-linear relation with conversion and selectivity. GHSV also shows a linear relation with instantaneous CH4 and CO2 conversion and selectivity of H2 and CO. The rate constants ( kCH4,kCO2), determined using the proposed kinetic model and various process parameters, are compared with DRM experimental results for validation. The apparent activation energy (Ea), calculated for CH4 and CO2 using modified Arrhenius equation, are = 32.6 kJ mol−1 (CH4) and Ea = 35.2 kJ mol−1 (CO2), respectively. The modified power-law model is a good preliminary description for future understanding of the overall performance of a hybrid catalytic DBD plasma reactor for DRM.

Real-Time Energy Exposure Is Associated With Increased Oxidative Stress Among Feeding-Tolerant Critically Ill Patients: Results From the FEDOX Trial.

BackgroundProspective randomized controlled trials (PRCTs) that found harm in patients receiving higher levels of energy exposure have been largely ignored, in part because of the lack of a known mechanism of harm.ObjectiveThe current 7‐day pilot study is a PRCT and post hoc analysis designed to explore the relationship between energy exposure and oxidative stress (as plasma total F2‐isoprostanes) in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.MethodsThirty‐five participants were randomized to receive either 100% or 40% of their estimated energy needs. Our intent‐to‐treat model found no differences in F2‐isoprostanes between groups. A post hoc analysis revealed that on days when participants were in the highest tertile of daily kcal/kg, the real‐time energy flow rate within 2 hours of the blood draw was predictive of increased oxidative stress. On these days, participants in the second or third vs the first tertile of real‐time energy flow rate experienced a 41.8% (P = .006) or 26.5% (P = .001) increase in F2‐isoprostane levels, respectively. This was confirmed through a within‐group subanalysis restricted to participants with measurements on both sides of the median of real‐time energy flow rate that found a 28.2% F2‐isoprostane increase on days in the upper vs lower median of flow rate (P = .002).ConclusionThe benefits of feeding may be more nuanced than previously suspected. Our findings imply a potential mechanism of harm in meeting the current recommendations for nutrition support in the critically ill that warrants further investigation.

Developments of Pulsed Electron Beam Sources for High-Power Microwave Applications

High-current pulsed electron beam sources are the core components of high-power microwave systems. In order to meet the requirements of future applications, one needs to improve the performance of electron beam sources in terms of vacuum insulation, beam transportation, and thermal management. In this paper, we report about our recent progress in the development of high-current vacuum electron beam sources. In order to meet the vacuum maintenance requirements of high-power microwave tubes, a high-electric field ceramic vacuum interface is designed and fabricated based on the ceramic metal brazing technique. In our experiments, a stable operation of the ceramic vacuum interface is demonstrated in the 10 Hz repetition mode with withstand voltage of larger than 600 kV and pulse width of about 100 ns. Besides, a cold cathode is developed using SiC nanowires, and an average beam current density of 1.2 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is achieved under the electric field strength of 90 kV/cm. Compared with traditional velvet cathodes, the characteristics of the SiC nanowire cathode, such as macro-electrical stability, emission uniformity, and operating life have been significantly improved. Furthermore, a high-current electron beam collector has been developed for relativistic backward wave oscillator tubes. A spiral flume is designed in the collector to meet the requirement of both high specific energy and low flow rate. It shows that the withstand heat flow density is in the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is suitable for the long pulse and repetitive operation of the system. These results represent a significant step towards the practical application of long-life high-power microwave systems.

Component damping evaluation in sub‐synchronous oscillation based on transient energy flow method

In recent years, sub-synchronous oscillations have occurred frequently. Torsional interactions may cause oscillations in turbo-generator rotor shafts and thus huge losses. Conventional studies focus on the damping of system oscillation modes, but little on the damping of components, which could aid in finding out the source of a poorly damped or undamped oscillation. This study aims at a quantitative evaluation method of the damping characteristics of each component in torsional interaction. The transient energy flow method successfully applied in component damping evaluation and source location of low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency oscillations is further developed for that of sub-synchronous oscillation. The transient energy flow method evaluates the damping of a component by its dissipation rate of transient energy. A method of computing the transient energy flow in sub-synchronous oscillation is proposed. It is found that the rate of energy flow is relevant to the difference between the super-synchronous and sub-synchronous powers. The relation between the transient energy dissipation and the damping of a component is validated by both mathematical deduction and simulation results. The transient energy flow method can evaluate component damping and therefore locate oscillation sources effectively in sub-synchronous oscillation.

Impact of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on energy transmission through ferrofluid saturating porous medium contained in a lid-driven trapezoidal container with triangular notched heater configuration

This article conveys numerical simulations for energy flow by mixed convection under the impact of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) through ferrofluid saturating porous media contained in a trapezoidal enclosure having triangular notched heater at the bottom wall when the container’s top boundary is in motion with constant speed. The side and top walls of the container are assumed to be cold, the bottom wall is insulated, and the triangular notched heater supplies uniform heat to the fluid. Equations governing the flow are initially exposed to penalty scheme to eradicate pressure from momentum equations, and subsequently, the Galerkin weighted residual method is employed to compute the numerical solutions for velocity and temperature profiles. Computed solutions are expressed in form of graphs for streamline circulations, isotherms, and local and mean heat flow rates for suitable ranges of important physical parameters governing the flow, including the Darcy number (10−5 ≤ Da ≤ 10−3), Reynolds number (1 ≤ Re ≤ 10), Hartmann number (30 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), Prandtl number (0.062 ≤ Pr ≤ 10), concentration of solid ferroparticles (0.03 ≤ [Formula: see text] ≤ 0.15), and Grashof number (105 ≤ Gr ≤107). This investigation deduces that flow strength rises with escalation in the concentration of ferroparticles, as well as Darcy and Grashof numbers. The convection energy flow regime appears dominating for small Hartmann number and large Prandtl number. The mean energy flow rate is found to increase with increase in Darcy and Grashof numbers and it attenuates with escalation in the Hartmann number.

Interface engineering to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction under light irradiation

Using a combination of plasmonic metal cores (Ag, Au, and Cu) and catalytic metal/semiconductor shells is a viable approach to enhance photocatalytic chemical reactions such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the energy transfer mechanism between the plasmonic core and the catalytic shell as well as the functional mechanism of plasmon in the OER reactions is still unclear. Here, we designed core-shell Au@Ni3S2 and yolk-shell Au-Ni3S2 with well-controlled morphology. We directly mapped the distribution of plasmon using monochromatic low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy. The structural pore in the yolk-shell Au-Ni3S2 greatly changes the dielectric environment and significantly enhances absorption of incoming light. The incoming photoenergy was dominantly dissipated on the shell by forming electron-hole pairs, leading to a higher energy flow rate for OER reactions. The catalytic activity of yolk-shell Au-Ni3S2 achieved nearly sixfold of core-shell Au@Ni3S2 and over 80-fold of pure Ni3S2 under illumination. Our results suggest that delicate microstructural control of catalysts can be used as an effective approach to design more efficient catalysts.

Energy-flux control of the steady-state, creep, and dynamic slip modes of faults

Faults exhibit a gamut of slip styles from stable sliding and creep events to earthquakes. These slip styles are affected by the fault properties, e.g., weakening or strengthening, and the properties of the loading system. Here, we investigate the poorly understood effect of energy-flux to the fault that should equal or exceed the energy-dissipation-rate along the slipping fault. We explore the relationship between energy-flux and slip style in shear experiments along granite and diorite laboratory faults, during which the faults were subjected to controlled energy-flux, and responded spontaneously to it. The monitored evolution of slip-velocity, shear stress, and slip-distance revealed three slip styles that depend on the applied energy-flux: (1) steady-state slip; (2) spontaneous creep events of small displacement with negligible weakening; and (3) spontaneous, unstable events with slip-velocities up to 0.8 m/s, slip-distances up to 0.5 m, and stress-drops up to 1 MPa, which are comparable to observed values of moderate earthquakes. These slip styles are similar in character to those observed along natural faults. We further propose that the rate of energy flow from crustal blocks can control the slip velocity during earthquakes.

Comparison of Single and Group Jet Grouting Columns Capacity Based on Field Load Test and Theoretical Methods

The evaluation of axial capacity of jet grouted soil cement columns in soft soil is a complicated issue because it depends according to the number of factors such as, soil type, influence mixture between soil and grouting materials, nozzle jet energy, jet grouting and water flow rate, rotation and lifting speed. These parameters related to the type of jet grouting methods (single, double and triple system). Most methods of design the bearing capacity of the jet-grouting column based on experience. Therefore, some designer calculates the bearing capacity of the jet grouting column based on jet grout section capacity. In this paper, different theoretical methods have been used to estimate of the jet grouting soil-cement capacity, such as Poulos and Davis, 1980 methods and then their comparison with the pile load test calculations based on the quick pile load test as presented in ASTM-D1143-07. Therefore, the study describes a prototype test single and group jet grout soil-cement models of arrangement (1*1, 1*2 and 2*2) for total length to diameter ratios (L/D) is 13.33 and clear spacing three times of diameter has been constructed in soft clayey soils in the right bank of the Euphrates River, at Al- Nasiriyah city. As a result, the theoretical method for estimation the bearing capacity gives unfaithful values for the single and group jet grout column compared to the load- settlement calculations obtained from field pile load test data. On the other hand, the Hansen’s 90% and Butler and Hoy’s given closer results to each other and may be considered faithful interpretation methods to compute the bearing capacity of single and group jet grouting columns.

High-speed micro electrical discharge machining with fine surface quality in atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma jet

Characteristics of dielectric significantly influence machining performance of micro electrical discharge machining (EDM). A high material removal rate and large tool wear are obtained in micro EDM in liquid dielectric. Tool wear in gas dielectric is small, but the material removal rate is extremely low. In previous study, it was found that micro EDM in atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma jet (APPJ) obtained a higher material removal rate than that in gas dielectric. However, material removal rate is still much lower than in liquid dielectric. To improve the machining performance of micro EDM in APPJ, this paper proposes micro EDM in APPJ assisted with coaxial mist (APPJ + mist). Effects of both flow rate of mist and discharge pulse energy on the critical breakdown distance, material removal rate, tool electrode wear ratio, surface roughness and profile are investigated. Experiments in nitrogen with coaxial mist (nitrogen + mist), deionized water and pure mist are also conducted for comparison. Experimental results indicate that critical breakdown distances in APPJ + mist, nitrogen + mist and mist are larger than in APPJ and deionized water. To understand the effect of misted droplets on critical breakdown distance, electric field intensity of the gap in deionized water and mist were simulated. Theoretical analysis reveals that electric field intensity on the surface of water droplet is much larger than that of tool electrode rim, resulting in the easy breakdown of gap with misted droplet. Material removal rate increases from 200 μm3/s (without mist) to 1252 μm3/s (with 5 mL/min mist) in APPJ in the case of open voltage of 100 V and capacitance of 8200 pF, which is higher than material removal rate in deionized water (1096 μm3/s) under the same discharge parameters. There is almost no tool electrode wear in APPJ + mist. The surface roughness of machined groove in APPJ + mist is 538 nm much lower than that in deionized water (672 nm), nitrogen + mist (627 nm) or pure mist (691 nm). Straighter side walls and flatter bottoms of micro grooves were obtained in APPJ + mist and nitrogen + mist than those in deionized water and mist. A micro cavity is also generated by using the proposed method without compensation of tool electrode wear.

Predictive management for energy supply networks using photovoltaics, heat pumps, and battery by two-stage stochastic programming and rule-based control

Predictive management for energy supply networks using photovoltaics generation (PV) units, heat pump water-heating units (HPUs), and battery units is developed by uniquely combining two-stage stochastic schedule programming and rule-based control to enhance their operating performances, including operating cost reduction under low selling prices of the surplus PV output after a feed-in tariff system and uncertain input conditions. The forecast scenarios of input conditions are generated from the probability distributions at each sampling time. The schedule planning problem is formulated using two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming and solved by inputting the forecast scenarios and the initial operation states of network components. In the operation control, the energy flow rates are modulated according to the actual input conditions under the obtained operation schedule. The forecast scenario generation and stochastic schedule planning are updated using a receding horizon approach. The developed management is applied to an annual operating simulation of a residential energy supply network for a housing complex, consisting of a shared PV unit, four sets of an HPU and thermal storage tank, and shared battery unit. The simulation results reveal that the decrease in the annual operating cost reduction by the developed management from the ideal management based on the previously-known PV output is just 1.57% point. Moreover, at the selling price of the surplus PV output higher than 6 yen/kWh, the developed management has an advantage in the annual operating cost over the charging- and exporting-priority managements.

An energy flow approach for progressive collapse assessment

This paper explains the correlation of energy flow and the rate energy flow to the susceptibility of progressive collapse (PC) for typical mid-rise steel framed buildings. Energy-time histories of structural members were analysed to determine the energy flow behaviour throughout the structural system. All structural elements, including all connections, were represented numerically to (more accurately) determine the building’s susceptibility to PC, including the sequence of failing members. Assessing PC susceptibility with the incorporation of the rate of energy flow for a structure that accounts for the effects of connection resistance functions constitutes a novel approach. Advanced nonlinear transient dynamic finite element simulations were used to reveal the energy flow and its flow rate, and the de facto relationship with building response and failure. In addition, the efficacy of the current DOD approaches for PC assessment are examined in a comparative study with the proposed energy flow approach.

Evaluation of the subsurface compressed air energy storage (CAES) potential on Gotland, Sweden

Wind energy is an important field of development for the island of Gotland, Sweden, especially since the island has set targets to generate 100% of its energy from renewable sources by 2025. Due to the variability of wind conditions, energy storage will be an important technology to facilitate the continued development of wind energy on Gotland and ensure a stable and secure supply of electricity. In this study, the feasibility of utilizing the Middle Cambrian Faludden sandstone reservoir on Gotland for Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is assessed. Firstly, a characterization of the sandstone beneath Gotland is presented, which includes detailed maps of reservoir thickness and top reservoir structure. Analysis of this information shows that the properties of the Faludden sandstone and associated cap rock appear favorable for the application of CAES. Seven structural closures are identified below the eastern and southern parts of Gotland, which could potentially be utilized for CAES. Scoping estimates of the energy storage capacity and flow rate for these closures within the Faludden sandstone show that industrial scale CAES could be possible on Gotland.

Composite indicator of land, water and energy for measuring agricultural sustainability at micro level, Barddhaman District, West Bengal, India

Agro-ecosystem is an open system that represents a complex interaction with the environment in term of energy transformation. Growing human population and resultant demand for greater output are increasing the rate of energy flow in agro-ecosystem to facilitate more energy transformation, which is deteriorating different compartment of ecosystem and environment. This paper intends to analyse agricultural sustainability at micro level by developing a composite indicator of land, water and energy used for crop production. Cropland footprint (CF), water footprint (WF) and entropy overproduction (Eop) are selected as indicators of land, water and energy respectively with the objective to explore man-land interaction by CF, while WF and Eop represent the impact of that interaction. In the study area, cropland surplus or deficit is inversely related with WF and Eop. Surplus crops like paddy and potato have higher WF and Eop, hence are responsible for agricultural unsustainability. WF and Eop are highest for paddy (8912 m3/ha) and potato (117,565 MJ/ha) respectively. Grey water footprint (WFc,grey) is the highest for potato (3708 m3/ha). Pulses (with negative Eop of −9124 MJ/ha) are proved the most sustainable crop with the highest potentiality to boost agro-ecosystem sustainability. The results derived from the analysis indicate that increasing use of chemicals and more specialization of water and energy exhaustive crops are reducing agricultural sustainability. The study also suggests for necessary transformations of cropping pattern with special emphasis on incorporation of pulses, oilseeds etc. and non-productive energy investment to reinstall natural quality of agro-ecosystem, not only in the studied areas, but also in other areas facing similar site and situation.

Micro(nano)plastics: Unignorable vectors for organisms

Micro(nano)plastics, as emerging contaminants, have attracted worldwide attention. Nowadays, the environmental distribution, sources, and analysis methods and technologies of micro(nano)plastics have been well studied and recognized. Nevertheless, the role of micro(nano)plastic particles as vectors for attaching organisms is not fully understood. In this paper, the role of micro(nano)plastics as vectors, and their potential effects on the ecology are introduced. Micro(nano)plastics could 1) accelerate the diffusion of organisms in the environment, which may result in biological invasion; 2) increase the gene exchange between attached biofilm communities, causing the transfer of pathogenic and antibiotic resistance genes; 3) enhance the rate of energy, material and information flow in the environment. Accordingly, the role of microplastics as vectors for organisms should be further evaluated in the future research.

Tracing the Origin of Visible Light Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

AbstractHybrid nanostructures with a plasmonic core and catalytic shell often show significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency under illumination of specific frequency. Excitation of localized surface plasmonic resonance on plasmonic metals under illumination can generate hot electrons that assist in the catalytic reaction. However, the correlation between the microstructural geometry, dielectric environment, internal energy flow in the hybrid structure, and the chemical reaction rate is so far not clear. Here, a composite with a plasmonic Au metal yolk and a nearly transparent Ni3S2 shell is designed to maximize the absorption of incident light by forming strong localized surface plasmonic resonance at the yolk as predicted by 3D finite element method. The incoming photoenergy is dominantly dissipated on the shell by forming electron–hole pairs, leading to higher energy flow rate for oxygen evolution reaction. The overpotential is 252 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and the catalytic activity of Au@Ni3S2 achieves ca. 85‐fold that of pure Ni3S2 under illumination and surpasses the commercial IrO2 catalyst. The study opens the door of exploration of highly effective hybrid composite catalysts for energy applications.

Enhanced thermal energy transport of a ferrofluid contained in a double-sided lid-driven square container due to adiabatic block in the presence of magnetic force

This article contains computational results for mixed convective energy flow in cobalt-based ferrofluid enclosed in a two-sided lid-driven container providing heat from the left vertical moving boundary under MHD effects influenced by a source of heat generation/absorption when a square adiabatic block of different aspect ratios is located in the center of a square container. The governing equations describing the heat transfer and fluid flow are exposed to the penalty method first and after that reduced equations are simplified by the Galerkin technique. The governing flow parameters are a concentration of ferroparticles ( $ 0.0 < \phi < 0.1$ ), Reynolds number ( $ 50 < Re < 200$ ), Hartmann number ( $ 0 < Ha < 100$ ), Richardson number ( $ 0.1 < Ri < 100$ ) and heat source/sink coefficient ( $ -10 < Q < 10$ ). The solutions show that the enhancements in heat transport occur due to the presence of the block up to a certain block size. Streamlines recirculation cells suppressed and augmentation in heat transfer are remarkably high because of the influence of an adiabatic block. The results also show that the patterns of energy and fluid flow are significantly dependent upon the concentration of nanoscale solid ferromagnetic particles, heat generation/absorption coefficient, Richardson, Reynolds and Hartman numbers. The obtained results are expressed in terms of streamlines, isotherms, local and overall energy flow rates.