Energy Feedback Research Articles

CHEX-MATE: Pressure profiles of six galaxy clusters as seen by SPT and Planck

Context. Pressure profiles are sensitive probes of the thermodynamic conditions and the internal structure of galaxy clusters. The intra-cluster gas resides in hydrostatic equilibrium within the dark-matter gravitational potential. However, this equilibrium may be perturbed; for example, as a consequence of thermal energy losses, feedback, and non-thermal pressure supports. Accurate measures of the gas pressure over cosmic time are crucial for constraining cluster evolution as well as the contributions from astrophysical processes. Aims. In this work we present a novel algorithm for deriving the pressure profiles of galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal measured on a combination of Planck and South Pole Telescope (SPT) observations. The synergy of the two instruments makes it possible to track the profiles on a wide range of spatial scales. We exploited the sensitivity of the Planck High-Frequency Instrument to the larger scales in order to observe the faint peripheries, and took advantage of the higher spatial resolution of SPT to solve the innermost regions. Methods. We developed a two-step pipeline to take advantage of the specifications of each instrument. We first performed a component separation on the two data sets separately in order to remove the background (CMB) and foreground (Galactic emission) contaminants. We then jointly fitted a parametric pressure profile model on a combination of Planck and SPT data. Results. We validated our technique on a sample of six CHEX-MATE clusters detected by SPT. We compare the results of the SZ analysis with profiles derived from X-ray observations with XMM-Newton. We find excellent agreement between these two independent probes of the gas pressure structure.

A rural revitalization model based on regional livelihood capital: A case study of Diqing, China

Improving livelihood capital is beneficial for implementing China’s rural revitalization strategy (RRS); however, researchers have not focused on the regional attributes of livelihood capital. Thus, this study proposes a new concept of regional livelihood capital to guide RRS implementation. A comprehensive measurement method and official government statistics were used to analyze regional livelihood capital characteristics in Diqing. The results demonstrate that, from 1993 to 2020, Diqing’s regional livelihood capital index increased steadily from 0.058 to 0.356, and its structure continued to diversify; however, its level remains low. The natural capital index fluctuated between 2.044 and 2.284 and always had absolute advantages. The financial capital index increased rapidly from 0.024 to 1.396 and is the core driving force for the growth of regional livelihood capital. The physical capital index increased steadily from 0.056 to 0.456. The growth of the social and human capital index was slow and weak, with an average annual growth rate of only 4.42% and 1.07%, respectively, which represents a weakness in regional livelihood capital. Based on regional livelihood capital characteristics and Diqing’s economic circumstances, a targeted rural revitalization model was developed according to the dynamics of the organic system of regional livelihood capital, in which natural capital is considered the foundation, financial capital is the power, physical capital is the medium, and social capital and human capital are the ultimate goals. The main direction of energy is “natural capital → financial capital → physical, social, and human capital.” Simultaneously, reverse energy feedback should also be emphasized to promote the sustainable operation of this system. This study provides a new theoretical perspective of regional livelihood capital for the implementation of RRS and guidance for the practice of RRS in Diqing and other similar areas.

Thermal Energy Feedback Regulation of Human Life System Based on Photon Radiation

To solve the problem of the long execution time of the traditional thermalenergy feedback regulation mechanism of human life system, a method ofanalyzing the thermal energy feedback regulation mechanism of human lifesystem based on photonic radiation was proposed. The energy responseentropy of human living system is calculated by analyzing the change ofhuman living system’s thermal energy. The photonic counter is designedby using photonic radiation technology to extract the weak optical signal ofthermal energy of the system and output energy accumulation. The quadraticprogramming algorithm is used to solve the optimal solution of thermalenergy, and the neural network model is combined with the energy accu-mulation of photon counter to realize the thermal feedback regulation. So far,the design of energy feedback regulation mechanism of human living systemhas been completed. The experimental results show that compared withthe traditional feedback control mechanism, the designed energy feedbackcontrol mechanism based on photonic radiation has a shorter implementationtime and is suitable for practical engineering.

Occupants’ Decision-Making of Their Energy Behaviours in Office Environments: A Case of New Zealand

Understanding how occupants behave and interact with building systems is vital to energy efficiency in buildings. The building occupants’ behaviours are complex and influenced by diverse factors. A deep understanding of the underlying environmental, contextual, social, and psychological factors is the first step of many in establishing the relationship between the indoor environment and occupants’ behaviours. The current study investigates the influence of occupants’ perceived indoor environmental comfort, the availability of control, and the social-psychological impacts on occupant behaviours in a New Zealand context. The data were collected through online surveys, and 99 office occupants responded. A machine learning technique was applied to identify the critical factors influencing the decision-making of occupant behaviours. Of the occupant behaviours considered in the study, adjusting windows, doors, shades and blinds, and drinking beverages were mostly practised (>70%) while adjusting lighting, personal fans, thermostats/heaters, and computers (40–70%) was moderately practised by occupants. The availability of specific user controls was the main predictor of most occupant behaviours, followed by social-psychological factors such as actual knowledge, perceived knowledge, behavioural interventions, subjective norms, organisational support, personal norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioural control. The indoor environmental parameters such as indoor temperature, indoor air quality, natural light, and inside noise were highlighted as most influential in decision-making for occupant behaviours. Additionally, the demographic factors: gender, work duration, days at work, and permanence/temporariness of workspace, were also impactful. Knowing the complexity of occupants’ decision-making with respect to their behaviours helps building managers use this sensitive information to enhance building energy performance and enable more energy feedback to the occupants to raise their awareness. Such information is helpful for creating an intelligent environmental control system loop with eco-feedback and establishing occupant-centric buildings or features.

Urban Rail Substation Parameter Optimization by Energy Audit and Modified Salp Swarm Algorithm

Auditing the energy consumption in urban rail is vital for energy consumption evaluation and system parameter design. There are multiple ways to audit energy consumption, but a universal and global approach is missing. The system-level traction energy consumption (STEC) is proposed. Compared to the main substation energy consumption (MSEC), STEC is more accurate by eliminating the influence of step-down loads based on field test studies. An optimization parameter designing model is built, which takes the system cost as the optimal object considering the life span of energy feedback system (EFS)s. The modified salp swarm algorithm (MSSA) is proposed as the optimization algorithm. The numerical tests show that MSSA has better converge performance than salp swarm algorithm (SSA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The impact factors of STEC are analyzed. Compared with SSA and PSO, the initial value of the MSSA is improved and it evolves faster. Compared with the case that does not take the no-load voltage of rectifiers and start voltage of EFSs as optimal parameters, the composite cost of the case that takes the abovementioned parameters as optimal parameters is 3.49% less. Compared to the system without EFSs, the optimal system with EFSs can save costs by 29.47%.

Evidence That Shocks Destroy Small PAH Molecules in Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

We combined mapping-mode mid-infrared Spitzer spectra with complementary infrared imaging to perform a spatially resolved study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission from the central regions of 66 nearby galaxies, roughly evenly divided into star-forming systems and low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In conjunction with similar measurements available for quasars, we aim to understand the physical properties of PAHs across a broad range of black hole accretion power, with the goal of identifying observational diagnostics that can be used to probe the effect of AGNs on the host galaxy. Whereas the PAH emission correlates tightly with far-ultraviolet luminosity in star-forming regions, the spatially resolved regions of AGNs tend to be PAH deficient. Moreover, AGN regions exhibit on average smaller PAH 6.2 μm/7.7 μm and larger PAH 11.3 μm/7.7 μm band ratios. Although the current data are highly restrictive, they suggest that these anomalous PAH band ratios cannot be explained by the effects of the AGN radiation field alone. Instead, they hint that small grains may be destroyed by the combined effects of radiative processes and shocks, which are plausibly linked to jets and outflows preferentially associated with highly sub-Eddington, radiatively inefficient AGNs. While quasars also present a PAH deficit and unusual PAH band ratios, their characteristics differ in detail compared to those observed in more weakly accreting AGNs, a possible indicator of fundamental differences in their modes of energy feedback.

Energy, emerging technologies and gender in homes

<strong>HIGHLIGHTS</strong> This special issue explores a key question in the energy transition: how are visions, relationships and practices with emerging technologies gendered, and what does this mean for home relations and energy outcomes? Homes are deeply gendered spaces where labour, care, technology management and household responsibilities are unequally distributed. Yet, as the papers in this special issue reveal, policy and industry visions tend to overlook gendered dynamics associated with these technologies, reflecting a perceived technology neutrality. This oversight puts the energy transition at risk. This special issue reveals how understanding the gender impacts of emerging technologies is crucial for realising energy policy, regulatory and building efficiency aspirations. The collection identifies how technology use, energy consumption and everyday practices in homes reflect gendered differences. Studies from diverse empirical and geographical contexts explore questions of gender in relation to emerging technologies such as energy feedback portals, smart home systems, home efficiency improvements, electric vehicles, solar photovoltaic panels and home batteries. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, and house, technology and program designers, to achieve an equitable energy transition. The collection demonstrates the need for concerted policy and industry attention to gendered dynamics in order to ensure inclusive energy policy and technology development.

The effect of normative-based feedback messaging on room air conditioner usage in university dormitory rooms in winter season

Reducing energy waste in building operation phases is a crucial approach to mitigating global warming. Maintaining a comfortable indoor thermal environment is considered one of the major contributors to the final building energy consumption, largely influenced by actual occupant behaviours. Normative-based feedback messaging containing social comparison-based energy feedback is able to impact energy behaviour at homes. However, its real-world effectiveness on usage of room air conditioners (RACs) and their energy consumption together with corresponding impact on occupants’ subjective thermal evaluation has been rarely investigated. This study reports results of a preliminary investigation into the effect of feedback messaging on occupants’ RAC usage and thermal evaluations in a real-world residential setting, the factors that influence the effectiveness of feedback messaging, and the attitudes towards feedback messaging. A three-week field investigation was conducted with 101 subjects from 32 university dormitory rooms. The results suggest that messaging may potentially reduce RAC energy consumption while thermal sensation votes were mostly remained within the acceptable range, though no significant difference was found in comparison to periods without messaging. Meanwhile, the effect of feedback messaging on RAC usage demand was potentially impacted by people’s emotional stability, but a further investigation is recommended to confirm this finding.

Role of the Climatological North Pacific High in the North Tropical Atlantic–ENSO Connection

Abstract Observational and climate model analysis showed that the anomalous sea surface temperature in the north tropical Atlantic (NTA) in boreal spring can trigger El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the subsequent winter. Similarly, the climate models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are known to reasonably simulate the NTA effect. Nevertheless, the strengths of the NTA effect on ENSO among the climate models are also diverse. In this light, we revisited the possible causes that contributed to the different NTA effects on ENSO in the CMIP5 climate models. We found that the strength of the NTA triggering ENSO in the climate model tended to be proportional to the intensity of the climatological subtropical North Pacific high system in boreal spring. The stronger climatological subtropical North Pacific high accompanied enhanced trade wind, precipitation reduction, and cold sea surface temperature over the subtropics. Under these conditions, the moist static energy feedback process, also known as the moist enthalpy advection mechanism, effectively operated around the Pacific intertropical convergence zone. That is, the NTA-induced signals in the subtropical North Pacific readily intruded into the deep tropical Pacific with the aid of the feedback processes, leading to an ENSO event. Consistent with the CMIP5 analysis results, the observed NTA effect on ENSO became stronger during the decades when the climatological North Pacific subtropical high intensified, underpinning the importance of climatology in the subtropical North Pacific in the NTA–ENSO connection.

Research on Compound Braking Control Strategy of Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Based on Driving Intention Recognition.

To improve the braking performance and braking energy feedback rate of extended-range electric vehicles, a driving intention recognition model is established based on Markov theory with brake pedal displacement, pedal displacement change rate, and pedal force as parameters, and the validity of the model is verified by actual vehicle test data. Based on the driving intention recognition model, a compound braking control strategy for extended-range electric vehicles is established with the constraints of braking force distribution and motor and battery characteristics. Cruise and MATLAB are used for joint simulation. The simulation results show that the compound braking system of extended-range electric vehicles with the compound braking control strategy based on brake intention recognition can work stably and effectively. On the premise of ensuring braking stability and safety, the braking energy recovery efficiency can be increased by 0.36% and the recovery rate can reach 12.88%. The compound braking system can effectively recover braking energy, improve the energy utilization rate of extended-range electric vehicles, and increase driving range.

High concentration of ammonia sensitizes the response of microbial electrolysis cells to tetracycline

Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is a promising technology for effective energy conversion of wastewater organics to biogas. Yet, in swine wastewater treatment, the complex contaminants including antibiotics may affect MEC performance, while the high ammonia concentration might increase this risk by increasing cell membrane permeability. In this work, the responses of MECs on tetracycline (TC) with low and high ammonia loadings (80 and 1000 mg L–1) were fully investigated. The TC of 0 to 1 mg L–1 slightly improved MEC performance in current production and electrochemical characteristics with low ammonia loading, while TC ≥ 4 mg L–1 started to show negative effects. Generally, the high ammonia loading sensitized MECs to TC concentration, inducing the current and COD removal of MECs to sharply decline with TC ≥ 0.5 mg L–1. The positive effect of high ammonia loading on MEC due to conductivity increase was counteracted with TC ≥ 1 mg L–1. The co-contamination of TC and ammonia significantly decreased the bioactivity and biomass of anode biofilm. Although the high concentration of co-existing TC and ammonia inhibited MEC performance, the reactors still obtained positive energy feedback. The network analyses indicated that the effluent suspension contributed much to antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transmission, while the microplastics (MPs) in wastewater greatly raised the risks of ARGs spreading. This work systematically examined the synergetic effects of TC and ammonia and the transmission of ARGs in MEC operation, which is conducive to expediting the application of MECs in swine wastewater treatment.

Galaxies in the central regions of simulated galaxy clusters

Context. Recent observations found that observed cluster member galaxies are more compact than their counterparts in ΛCDM hydrodynamic simulations, as indicated by the difference in their strong gravitational lensing properties, and they reported that measured and simulated galaxy–galaxy strong lensing events on small scales are discrepant by one order of magnitude. Among the possible explanations for this discrepancy, some studies suggest that simulations with better resolution and implementing different schemes for galaxy formation could produce simulations that are in better agreement with the observations. Aims. In this work, we aim to assess the impact of numerical resolution and of the implementation of energy input from AGN feedback models on the inner structure of cluster sub-haloes in hydrodynamic simulations. Methods. We compared several zoom-in re-simulations of a sub-sample of cluster-sized haloes obtained by varying mass resolution and softening the length and AGN energy feedback scheme. We studied the impact of these different setups on the sub-halo (SH) abundances, their radial distribution, their density and mass profiles, and the relation between the maximum circular velocity, which is a proxy for SH compactness Results. Regardless of the adopted numerical resolution and feedback model, SHs with masses of MSH ≲ 1011 h−1 M⊙, the most relevant mass range for galaxy–galaxy strong lensing, have maximum circular velocities ∼30% smaller than those measured from strong lensing observations. We also find that simulations with less effective AGN energy feedback produce massive SHs (MSH ≳ 1011 h−1 M⊙) with higher maximum circular velocity and that their Vmax − MSH relation approaches the observed one. However, the stellar-mass number count of these objects exceeds the one found in observations, and we find that the compactness of these simulated SHs is the result of an extremely over-efficient star formation in their cores, also leading to larger than observed SH stellar mass. Conclusions. Regardless of the resolution and galaxy formation model adopted, simulations are unable to simultaneously reproduce the observed stellar masses and compactness (or maximum circular velocities) of cluster galaxies. Thus, the discrepancy between theory and observations that emerged previous works. It remains an open question as to whether such a discrepancy reflects limitations of the current implementation of galaxy formation models or the ΛCDM paradigm.

Energy housekeeping: intersections of gender, domestic labour and technologies

Emerging energy technologies and tools aim to enhance peoples’ understanding and control over household energy. Yet, important questions are emerging about precisely whose understanding and control such technologies benefit, and how increasingly commonplace tools may shape the gendered division of domestic labour. This article explores how smart energy technologies, and in particular energy feedback, may reproduce or further entrench the unequal distribution of household labour between men and women. Theories of social practice are used to frame ethnographic research (semi-structured interviews, card game prompts and home tours) conducted with 24 Australian households using solar photovoltaics and batteries. Evidence is provided of men interpreting energy feedback for other household members, policing other householders’ energy-using practices and more broadly orchestrating patterns of energy consumption. Building on the concept of ‘digital housekeeping’, which refers to the gendered way in which domestic technologies are used and maintained, the paper suggests these practices constitute gendered forms of ‘energy housekeeping’. The energy housekeeping concept provides a means of understanding how emerging energy technologies and tools intersect with issues of gender and domestic labour. <em><strong>Practice relevance</strong></em> It is well established that domestic labour is largely performed by women. Research also shows that the use of smart technologies and energy feedback are gendered. Evidence from Australian households with solar photovoltaics and batteries shows that energy feedback and associated technologies may reinforce gender asymmetries in the home and enable men to control the domestic labour undertaken by others in the home. These outcomes are undesirable, even if they advance sector aims of aligning domestic energy consumption with patterns of renewable generation. Current energy management and feedback approaches need to engage with and be tailored for a wider, more diverse group of domestic energy users. This will better reflect the different ways that people engage with and think about energy.

Baroclinic Blocking

AbstractAtmospheric blocking events, which cause abnormal weather conditions, have been studied from a viewpoint of quasi‐stationary barotropic circulation systems because of their apparent lack of vertical tilt. However, this work demonstrates that blocking events often have such structure that anomalies in geopotential height and temperature are horizontally out‐of‐phase, allowing blocking anomalies to produce fluxes of heat against the climatological‐mean gradients for amplifying and maintaining blocking‐related temperature anomalies. This process, which represents the baroclinic conversion of energy from the climatological‐mean flow to the blocking‐related anomalies, is shown to be one of the leading energy sources through an analysis of blocking energetics. In winter, the contribution of the baroclinic energy conversion, especially for North Pacific and Greenland blocks, is substantially larger than the contributions from barotropic energy conversion and feedback forcing by high‐frequency eddies. In summer, the baroclinic energy conversion and feedback from high‐frequency eddies are more comparable in magnitude.

A Dynamic Load Simulation Algorithm Based on an Inertia Simulation Predictive Model

In this study, an electric dynamic load simulation system (EDLSS) algorithm was proposed based on an inertia simulation predictive model to mitigate strong-coupling torque disturbance and load torque fluctuation caused by the change in the motion state of a bearing system. First, the inertia simulation model was proposed by combining the dynamic equations of both the EDLSS and the target system. The aforementioned inertia simulation model converted the conventional realisation method of the inertia simulation into the tracking of the motion characteristics for the target system under the same working conditions. Next, based on the aforementioned inertia simulation model while considering the strong-coupling torque effect and motor braking state disturbance as two influential factors, an inertia simulation predictive model and a load simulation algorithm were proposed. The predicted speed calculated by the predictive model was consistent with the dynamic characteristics of the target system under the same working conditions and input into the control loop. Based on the analysis of the braking state and power model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, an energy feedback control method was proposed to improve EDLSS stability caused by the braking state of the loading motor. Finally, the experimental data revealed that the maximum speed fluctuation range of the loading motor was approximately 7.5, which was 84% lower than the range before the application of the aforementioned algorithm, which was about 46.8. Furthermore, the maximum range of the torque ripple was close to 1.5, which was 75% lower than before, which was roughly 6. All experimental data were consistent with simulation data.

A facilities management approach to rationalising occupants’ energy behaviours

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate building managers’ approach towards occupant energy behaviours and rationalises organisational energy culture concerning their strategy to address occupants’ preferences in New Zealand tertiary office buildings.Design/methodology/approachThe research used grounded theory analysis by interviewing a purposive sample of 25 participants from a university. Also, semi-structured interviews were conducted with facilities managers, sustainability managers and building occupants.FindingsThe study results revealed that building managers oversimplify the multi-domain discomfort, energy impacts from occupant behaviours and the influence of social-psychology aspects on occupants’ actions. The organisational energy culture can be further improved by increasing occupants’ knowledge and awareness of energy, sharing energy feedback with occupants to make energy conscious occupants and giving them responsibilities to achieve the organisation’s energy targets.Originality/valueThis study enables opportunities to promote collaboration between building managers and occupants by comparing perspectives on occupant energy impacts.

Research on shutdown control strategy of hybrid DC system

The hybrid DC system combined with line commutated converter (LCC) and hybrid modular multilevel converter (HY-MMC), which is named LCC-HY-MMC, has technical advantages and economy. Shutdown is a key problem that any DC system needs to face. In order to ensure that the DC system and the sub-module capacitors of HY-MMC can be discharged quickly during shutdown stage, a complete shutdown control strategy is proposed in this paper. From the characteristics of shutdown, it can be basically regarded as three stages: DC energy feedback stage, controllable dissipation stage of sub-module capacitor energy and uncontrollable dissipation stage of sub-module capacitor energy. Finally, based on the 200 MW/ 200 kV digital simulation model built in the electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

High Efficiency Thermoelectric Temperature Control System With Improved Proportional Integral Differential Algorithm Using Energy Feedback Technique

This article proposes an efficient thermoelectric temperature control system based on an improved proportional integral differential (PID) algorithm in which energy feedback technology is used to enhance thermoelectric cooling. In the proposed power management system, two groups of batteries are efficiently and alternatingly charged and discharged such that the information of the circuit can be monitored in real time. The PID algorithm is improved by using the idea of a state machine to control the thermoelectric coolers (TEC) through an H-bridge circuit with pulsewidth modulation. Finally, the energy feedback circuit combined with improved synchronous switching technology is designed to recycle the energy to drive the sensor. By inputting current of 3.1 A, a wide range of temperature control from 1.437 to 60.187 °C was implemented. While targeting a temperature of 10 °C at an ambient temperature of 22 °C, the proposed temperature control system had a control time of 30.5 s, compared with 287 s when using the conventional method, with an accuracy of 0.1 °C, and an error of only ±0.35 °C. The results confirm that electric energy at a peak voltage of 1.2 V and current of 24 μA can be recovered. The proposed energy feedback system can thus improve the efficiency of energy utilization of TEC from a peripheral circuit.

An Active Damping Control Strategy for Grid-Tied Type-4 Wind Turbine Generator Based on Energy Feedback

In a grid-tied type-4 wind turbine generator (WTG) system, the frequency of sub/super-synchronous oscillation varies in a wide range, making it difficult to suppress the oscillation. In view of this problem, an active damping control strategy based on energy feedback is proposed. First, the energy balance equation of stored energy, dissipation energy, and interaction energy in a grid-tied type-4 WTG system is established. And the mathematical relationship between the increasing/decreasing trend of stored energy and the divergence/convergence of oscillation, no matter how the oscillation frequency varies, is derived. Then, by calculating the contribution degrees of different energy feedback branches to the variation rate of stored energy, the key energy feedback branches that cause the stored energy to increase are selected. And then, with the variation rate of stored energy being made negative as the control objective, this article derives a reactive current compensation function and constructs an additional energy feedback branch to eliminate the effect of key energy feedback branches, thus realizing active damping suppression of oscillations in a broad frequency band. Finally, the real-time digital simulator based hardware-in-loop test platform with a practical controller of a real 2.5-MW type-4 WTG and experimental platform are both built on which the proposed strategy is verified. Simulation results show that the proposed method can realize effective damping control of oscillations in a broad frequency range. In addition, this article is accompanied by a video demonstrating hardware-in-loop test results.

On Magnetic-coupled Matrix Rectifier Applied to Accelerator Power Supply

The power supply designing of superconducting magnet is vital for magnetic field system in the development of accelerator. Magnet power supply can still be improved in grid-side power factor, and better cost-effective solutions can be sought. For release or consumption of the huge energy stored in the future superconducting magnet, so that it is urgent to carry out related research to solve the energy feedback problem. Utilizing the characteristics of adjustable power factor and bi-directional energy transfer of matrix converter, a novel magnetic-coupled matrix rectifier topology is presented, which is suitable for accelerator power supply. An improved control strategy is proposed to realize sinusoidal waveform of input current, unity input power factor as well as output current tracking the instruction current waveform. Prototype test shows that the matrix converter can realize DC output and the control strategy can achieve expected requirements. Load disturbance experiment of quasi-trapezoidal wave output is preliminarily verified. The matrix converter studied in the paper, as a kind of feasible attractive choice of accelerator power converter topology, has a favorable research prospect.