Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol Research Articles

Quality of service aware energy efficient multipath routing protocol for internet of things using hybrid optimization algorithm

Quality of service aware energy efficient multipath routing protocol for internet of things using hybrid optimization algorithm

Energy efficient multipath routing protocol for MANET for enhancing QoS and QoE in multimedia applications

In mobile ad hoc network (MANET) the devices are interconnected by wireless manner that are able to ubiquitously retrieve contents such as video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data from the environment. MANET provides low power in hazardous environment where replacement of fault evaluation in the MANET is impossible. Hence, development of an energy efficient network is essential in MANET, where the cost of network depends on the energy consumption of each mobile node. Overutilization of energy by a mobile node cannot contribute to the utility or the network as a whole. Hence to optimize the utilization of energy at each node, we propose an energy efficient multipath routing protocol for MANET for enhancing QoS and QoE metrics (EMRP-QQ), which can eventually minimize the data loss and hence there liability of the mobile nodes and the overall network. In our proposed approach an energy efficient clustering is performed using particle swarm optimization (PSO), where all the nodes are clustered without any residual nodes left in the system. Using the appropriate selection of CH and SCH the overall networks overhead utilization is reduced and hence the QoS of the network is enhanced. The result obtained through NS-2 simulation shows that the proposed algorithm performs better than FQ-MP-OLSR approach in terms of reduced energy consumption of each node without affecting QoS and QoE metrics.

An energy efficient multipath routing protocol for MANET

Energy consumption is a critical consideration in mobile ad hoc networks because the majority of mobile nodes run on low battery resources. A hectic problem was the minimization of energy, which was solved by the use of multipath routing protocols. This article proposes an energy-efficient multi-path routing protocol supported by the MANET optimization algorithm. The energy efficiency within the MANET is efficiently achieved by the use of cluster head selection with fuzzy clustering and fuzz NB. Multipath routing can be achieved by integrating the bird swarm optimization algorithm (BSA) with the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), which is called the Bird Swarm-Whale Optimization Algorithm (BSWOA). Optimal route selection is predicated on fitness variables like connectivity between the nodes, energy consumption, the maximum trust value of the route, and throughput. In comparison to existing methods, the suggested BSWOA obtained a minimum energy consumption of 8.72 J, a minimum delay of 0.00333 msec, and a maximum throughput of 0.912 bps.

Adaptive-atom whale optimization algorithm using autonomous mobile ad hoc network for energy-efficient multipath routing

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of a group of self-operated mobile nodes that form a network without considering predefined infrastructure. In the network, each node poses less energy due to battery-operated sensor nodes. Numerous methods are devised for routing, but each method suffered from the energy constraint. This paper proposes an energy-efficient multipath routing protocol for exploiting different routes between source and destination to mitigate energy constraints. The key idea is to determine the optimal path from a set of paths available between the source and the target node. To improve the security in routing protocol, the factors, like energy, trust, and mobility are considered as major components. Here, the trust is modeled by considering trust factors, like average encounter rate (AER), successful cooperation frequency (SCF), direct trust, integrity factor, and forwarding rate factor. Moreover, secure routing is performed between the nodes using the proposed Adaptive-Atom Whale Optimization algorithm (Adaptive-AWOA). The proposed Adaptive-AWOA) is designed by incorporating the Adaptive concept in the Atom Whale Optimization algorithm (AWOA). The fitness function is newly modeled considering mobility, energy, and trust factors. The proposed Adaptive-AWOA outperformed the other methods with a minimal end-to-end delay of 0.009, maximal throughput of 85.802% and maximal packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 97.391%, respectively.

Cluster based Energy Efficient multipath Routing in WSN

A wireless sensor network (WSNs) is made out of a huge gathering of sensor nodes with restricted assets as far as battery supplied energy. Consequently, the plan of an energy-efficient and extensible routing protocol is a critical worry for WSN applications. In this paper, we propose a novel improved Cluster based energy efficient multipath routing protocol (ICEEMRP) is utilized for energy efficient selection and reselection of CH for multipath routing to transfer the data from source to destination efficiently and simultaneously improving network lifetime. The proposed work take up an improved multipath structure scheme in order to accomplish the balance of the network energy utilization. The proposed plan also plays out the aggressive calculations for parameters, like, packet delivery ratio, energy utilization, network lifetime, and network overhead. The results shows that there is an enormous amount of energy saved in the network and hence improved network lifetime compared to conventional routing techniques.

IMPROVE THE LIFE OF NETWORK IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING CLUSTER BASED EEEMR PROTOCOL

Ponte Academic JournalDec 2020, Volume 76, Issue 12 IMPROVE THE LIFE OF NETWORK IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING CLUSTER BASED EEEMR PROTOCOL Author(s): K. Hari Krishna ,Tapas Kumar, Y. Suresh BabuJ. Ponte - Dec 2020 - Volume 76 - Issue 12 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.12.11 Abstract:Energy efficient routing is a one of the major trusted area in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The wireless sensor network composed of a large number of sensor nodes which has limited energy resource. The sensor nodes are working through the battery, energy saving becomes more vital issue in WSNs. The routing algorithms assure that the concept of energy saving without affecting the Quality of Service (QoS). Parameters like Throughput, End to End Delay, Overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio in the existing algorithm in EEEMR Protocol. The development of cluster based sensor networks have recently shown to decrease the system delay, overhead and increase the system throughput and packet delivery ratio. Simulation is performed using NS2 and results shows that the proposed system is better than the system the Enhanced Energy Efficient Multipath Routing (EEEMR) Protocol is implemented. The EEEMR Protocol is modification of AOMDV Protocol. In this paper, we are implementing Clustering existing system. The proposed system energy consumption is decreased by 13% compared to the existing system. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

IEEMARP- a novel energy efficient multipath routing protocol based on ant Colony optimization (ACO) for dynamic sensor networks

In the past few years, research and development in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) have gained momentum due to its numerous applications in agriculture, industrial manufacturing, military surveillance, environmental monitoring, consumer electronics, medical & healthcare, disaster recovery operations etc. Dynamic WSNs offer a robust blend of distributed sensing, computing and communication. Dynamic sensor networks are characterized by large scale deployment, dynamic and unstructured topology, power limitations, less memory and limited computational capabilities. Sensor nodes deployed in real-time environment’s for sensing data have power-limitations which hampers the overall performance of WSNs. So, the only obvious solution is to propose an energy efficient routing protocol to optimize WSN real-time performance. Different specialists have proposed various directing conventions for WSNs dependent on Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithms, Meta-Heuristics, and other improvement strategies. However, every solution suggested till date has its advantages and limitations. In this paper, our primary objective is to utilize Swarm-Intelligence based approach i.e. “Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)”, for routing protocol development. Ant colony optimization (ACO) based approach gives optimal solution in terms of efficient routing path determination, energy efficiency and delivering high performance in terms of packet delivery and throughput. In this paper, we propose a novel energy efficient ACO based multipath routing protocol for WSN i.e. IEEMARP (Improvised Energy Efficient Multipath ACO based Routing Protocol). The proposed protocol works in three phases (Neighbor Discovery via Link Knowledge, Packet Transmission via exponentially weighted moving average method and ACKR packet delivery for assuring end-to-end delivery. To validate the performance of the protocol proposed, extensive simulations were conducted using NS-2.35-allinone simulator on diverse parameters like (PDR), throughput, routing overhead, energy consumption and end-to-end delay. In addition to this, the performance of protocol is compared with traditional routing protocols like Basic ACO, DSDV and DSR and other ACO based WSN protocols like ACEAMR, AntChain, EMCBR, IACR, AntHQSeN, FACOR and ANTALG. Simulation based results, clearly states that as compared to Basic ACO, DSDV and DSR, the performance of WSN network is improvised to around 10% in all performance metrics via IEEMARP routing protocol. And as compared to ACEAMR, AntChain, EMCBR and IACR, IEEMARP performs 20% better in overall functionality and almost 10–12% better as compared to AntHQSeN, FACOR, ANTLAG routing protocols in varied WSN scenarios. It is also observed that IEEMARP protocol is highly efficient in TCP packet transmission from source to destination node.

Detection of Optimized Intermediate Sensor Nodes Using Carrier Sensing Power and Genus Factor for Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Detection of Optimized Intermediate Sensor Nodes Using Carrier Sensing Power and Genus Factor for Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

A novel ant colony optimization (ACO) based energy efficient multipath routing protocol for sensor communications

A novel ant colony optimization (ACO) based energy efficient multipath routing protocol for sensor communications

Energy Efficient Hierarchical Multi-Path Routing Protocol to Alleviate Congestion in WSN

Congestion easily occurs in wireless sensor networks (WSN) due to it's centralized traffic pattern. In order to achieve high energy efficiency, network longevity, better fairness and quality of service, it is important to detect congestion in WSN in a timely manner. In this paper, an energy efficient hierarchical multi-path routing protocol to alleviate congestion and to balance energy is proposed. The algorithm is designed by partitioning the network into equal sized zones to achieve complete network connectivity and to reduce packet transmissions. The zone leaders selected are shifted on different nodes based on network dynamic conditions to avoid hotspots and to provide energy balancing. For an efficient data transmission, quicker and optimal multiple paths are established using merged zone and hierarchical network topology structure. The proposed algorithm detects the congestion by monitoring the path quality. The detected congestion is a result of overloaded links or nodes on the path. In addition, the algorithm proactively controls the congestion by dynamically shifting the transmission paths on their quality and alleviate it reactively using traffic splitting approach. The goal of this approach is to control resources instead of controlling the network load. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better as compared to other congestion control algorithms in terms of throughput, energy consumption and packet delivery ratio in a resource constraint wireless sensor network.

Energy efficient hierarchical multi-path routing protocol to alleviate congestion in WSN

Energy efficient hierarchical multi-path routing protocol to alleviate congestion in WSN

Collaboration of Trusted Node and QoS Based Energy Multi Path Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In the recent past information transmission through the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) playing a vital role due to increase in accident statistics. There are numerous networking and VANET protocols helpful to control the trust while transmitting the data from source to destination nodes in traffic environment. In spite of many existing protocols for analyzing the trust in the network, the challenge of routing overhead, high energy consumption and malicious attacks issues still continue in the communication. This research introduces the trust collaboration nodes and Quality of Service (QoS) with energy multipath routing protocol for transmitting the information through VANET. Initially, the trusted nodes have been collected for analyzing the neighbouring nodes and the information are transmitted using the proposed QoS based energy efficient multipath routing protocol. During this transmission, the multi path protocol eliminates the intermediate attacks effectively when compared with the other existing protocols. The Proposed protocol maintains the QoS while routing the information from source to destination and further the efficiency has been analyzed through simulation experiments and Montgomery multiplier based Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) will be used in future for better security and privacy.

Enhancing trust in mobile ad-hoc network using trust and dynamic with energy efficient multipath routing protocol

Mobile ad-hoc network is one of the most effective self-configuring and infrastructure less based communication networks. During the communication process, trust between the networks is placed an important issue due to the intermediate attacks. Several types of research introduce the trust-based communication protocol for overcoming privacy issues but still, the efficiency of the trust is one of the major problems. So, this paper introduces the optimised trust and energy efficient multipath routing protocol based on the maintained energy of the node to overcome the issues. The intermediate attack in the network has been eliminated with the help of the trust and dynamic with energy efficient multipath routing protocol. The established trust has been used for a multipath routing protocol. Then, the efficiency of the system is analysed using the packet delivery ratio and security. The method ensures the trust in the network by applying the computation, aggregation, and propagation and prediction process.

Enhancing trust in mobile ad-hoc network using trust and dynamic with energy efficient multipath routing protocol

Enhancing trust in mobile ad-hoc network using trust and dynamic with energy efficient multipath routing protocol

Improving the Network Life Time of Wireless Sensor Network using EEEMR Protocol with Clustering Algorithm

Energy efficient routing is a one of the major trusted area in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The wireless sensor network composed of a large number of sensor nodes which has limited energy resource. The sensor nodes are working through the battery, energy saving becomes more vital issue in WSNs. The routing algorithms assure the concept of energy saving without affecting the Quality of Service (QoS) Parameters like Throughput, End to End Delay, Overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio. In the existing system the Enhanced Energy Efficient Multipath Routing (EEEMR) Protocol is implemented. The EEEMR Protocol is modification of AOMDV Protocol. In this paper, we are implementing Clustering algorithm in EEEMR Protocol. The development of cluster based sensor networks have recently shown to decrease the system delay, overhead and increase the system throughput and packet delivery ratio. Simulation is performed using NS2 and results shows that the proposed system is better than the existing system. The proposed system energy consumption is decreased by 13% compared to the existing system.

Energy-aware and stable cluster-based multipath routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks

Ad hoc networks are wireless networks that can operate without infrastructure and without centralised network management; they may contain nodes with limited battery power. Hence, energy conservation is a critical requirement in the design of routing protocols for ad hoc networks. Clustering has been proposed as a promising method for simplifying the routing process in mobile ad hoc networks when network size increases. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient multipath routing protocol, called energy aware and stable cluster-based multipath routing (ES-CMR protocol), which preserves the residual energy of nodes and increases the network lifetime. To achieve this goal, we use an objective model to select energy-efficient paths with stable links. The simulation results demonstrate that ES-CMR has better performance in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime and end-to-end delay.

End-to-End Link Reliable Energy Efficient Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Among the many multipath routing protocols, the AOMDV is widely used in highly dynamic ad hoc networks because of its generic feature. Since the communicating nodes in AOMDV are prone to link failures and route breaks due to the selection of multiple routes between any source and destination pair based on minimal hop count which does not ensure end-to-end reliable data transmission. To overcome such problems, we propose a novel node disjoint multipath routing protocol called End-to-End Link Reliable Energy Efficient Multipath Routing (E2E-LREEMR) protocol by extending AOMDV. The E2E-LREEMR finds multiple link reliable energy efficient paths between any source and destination pair for data transmission using two metrics such as Path-Link Quality Estimator and Path-Node Energy Estimator. We evaluate the performance of E2E-LREEMR protocol using NS 2.34 with varying network flows under random way-point mobility model and compare it with AOMDV routing protocol in terms of Quality of Service metrics. When there is a hike in network flows, the E2E-LREEMR reduces 30.43 % of average end-to-end delay, 29.44 % of routing overhead, 32.65 % of packet loss ratio, 18.79 % of normalized routing overhead and 12.87 % of energy consumption. It also increases rather 10.26 % of packet delivery ratio and 6.96 % of throughput than AOMDV routing protocol.

Fault-tolerant multi-path routing protocol for WSN based on HEED

To solve the network performance deterioration caused by network nodes failure according to unexpected and unforeseen environmental changes in wireless sensor network WSN, a high fault-tolerant and energy-efficient multipath routing protocol based on the idea of hybrid, energy-efficient distributed HEED clustering protocol, called HEED fault tolerant HEED-FT is proposed in this paper. To improve the routing reliability and energy balance between cluster heads, the HEED-FT algorithm first introduces the non-probability waiting time, residue energy and centres to improve the cluster lifetime. Then multiple clustering parameters are applied with different hierarchy which can control the ideal topology distribution of the cluster heads. Finally, a multiple trees Gabriel graph MTGG model is put forward to get a reliable communication link with multiple clustering parameters which can ensure the nodes in an ideal cluster topology distribution. The simulation results show that HEED-FT has less energy consumption, higher reliability and longer network survival than the traditional algorithms.

A statistical distributed multipath routing protocol in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks WSNs usually consist of many tiny sensor nodes and a sink. Problems and characteristics like resources' severe constraints, low reliability and fault tolerance, low throughput, and insecure operational environments, significantly degrade their overall performance. One significant solution against these problems is multipath routing. However, the existing multipath routing protocols have weaknesses like high overhead and algorithmic-computational complexity, security vulnerabilities, low scalability, and permanent usage of optimal paths and resources' severe exhaustion. As a result, this paper proposes a statistical distributed multipath routing protocol for homogeneous WSNs, called SDMR. It is different from other existing multipath routing protocols in terms of statistical-mathematical nature, criteria and procedure of routing score calculation, routes' selection process and traffic load distribution technique. The performance of SDMR is compared with the performance of secure and energy-efficient multipath routing protocol called SEEM; results of algorithmic-complexity and statistical-simulation analyses show that the SDMR is improved in terms of energy consumption, throughput, accuracy, average rate of packet loss, scalability and fault tolerance, average delay and routing overhead in the route discovery process.

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Energy consumption is a significant issue in ad hoc networks since mobile nodes are battery powered. In order to prolong the lifetime of ad hoc networks, it is the most critical issue to minimize the energy consumption of nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient multipath routing protocol for choosing energy efficient path. This system also considers transmission power of nodes and residual energy as energy metrics in order to maximize the network lifetime and to reduce energy consumption of mobile nodes. The objective of our proposed system is to find an optimal route based on two energy metrics while choosing a route to transfer data packets. This system is implemented by using NS-2.34. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol with transmission power and residual energy control mode can extend the life-span of network and can achieve higher performance when compared to traditional ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) routing protocol.