Energy Efficiency Of Heating Systems Research Articles

Transitions in heating systems and impact on perceived wellbeing: a qualitative study

Abstract Background as part of the larger European WELLBASED project an urban program focusing on transitions in heating to tackle energy poverty, is implemented in 4 disadvantaged, predominantly Roma neighborhoods of Edirne, Türkiye. These neighborhoods have high levels of vulnerability, aid dependency, and energy poverty. This study investigated the impact on perceived wellbeing of implementing the heating system transition. Methods A qualitative methodology was applied; data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews among participants in the intervention group of the larger WELLBASED evaluation study. Diversity was ensured regarding gender, age, education level, and working status. Participants were 13 individuals from 13 households in which energy-efficient heating systems were installed. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcript verbatim and coded; thematic analysis was conducted. Results 3 main themes and 7 sub-themes (st) emerged in the preliminary analysis with regard to impact on well-being: perceived changes in living conditions (st: physical changes, financial implications, domestic burden), perceived effects on health (st. mental health, physical health), and expectations versus reality (st. insulation, efficiency). Experiences differed as per housing condition, type of energy used, usage proficiency, and income level. Conclusions Energy efficient heating system transition to tackle energy poverty at homes may not be sufficient to realize impact on perceived wellbeing. Housing conditions (ie. insulation), supported energy sources and management of expectations need to be considered as part of the program.

Green radiography: Exploring perceptions, practices, and barriers to sustainability

IntroductionPrevious research has delved into the attitudes and behaviors of diverse professions regarding environmental sustainability. However, there needs to be more research specifically targeting radiographers. This study aims to survey radiographers' perceptions, practices, and barriers to change concerning environmental sustainability in radiology. MethodsInstitutional ethical approval was obtained (IRB–COHS–FAC-110-2024) and data collection was conducted using Google Forms (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA). The survey targeted 104 practicing radiographers across several countries. Questions were structured around five domains to gather insights into demographics, training in global warming and climate change, perceptions of sustainability and climate change, sustainability barriers, and current radiology practices on sustainability. Data analysis utilized descriptive and d inferential statistics. ResultsOne hundred and four radiographers completed the study. Females had a significantly higher attendance rate in environmental protection campaigns (P = 0.01). The majority of respondents (68%) believe in climate change's knowledge and impact on the natural world. Our survey findings demonstrate that 74% of respondents believe there's a need to improve sustainability practices. The most commonly used strategies to decrease energy consumption and emissions were low-energy lighting (60%), real-time power monitoring tools (41%), and energy-efficient heating systems (32%). A significant concern regarding sustainability emerges among respondents: time (50%) and lack of leadership (48%) are prevalent concerns among the identified barriers. ConclusionParticipants are recognising the importance of environmental sustainability in radiology, but lack of leadership, support, authority, and facility limitations hinder their adoption. Impact on practiceRadiology must prioritize environmental sustainability by providing resources and training for radiographers and collaborating with healthcare professionals, policymakers, and environmental experts to develop comprehensive strategies for a sustainable healthcare system.

Study of metal–organic framework (MOF)/water pairs for adsorption heat transformer applications

Metal-organic framework (MOF), an advanced category of porous coordination polymers, has recently gained prominence as a novel class of adsorbent materials, captivating the attention of researchers worldwide engaged in diverse applications related to adsorption. An adsorption heat lifter or adsorption heat transformer (AdHT) plays a crucial role in elevating the temperature of a waste heat source. This is achieved by harnessing the adsorption enthalpy or isosteric heat of adsorption. The system performance of the AdHT system is affected by the working pairs, which leads to a possible application for MOF/water working pairs in such a system. In this study, 2-tank and 3-tank systems are invoked to investigate and compare the coefficient of performances (COPs) of three MOFs: MOF–801, aluminum fumarate, and MIL–100(Fe) paired with water while considering an atmospheric temperature of 308.15 K. With a waste heat source and cooling water temperature difference (TD) of 70 K in the 3-tank system, MOF–801/water outperforms aluminum fumarate and MIL-100(Fe). Considering a temperature driving force that explains the temperature change of heat transfer fluid during the flowing procedure inside pipes, ΔT = 5 K, the MOF–801/water pair can provide a gross temperature lift of around 30 K at a relatively good COP of 0.4867. There are very few articles that studied the MOFs/water pair for AdHT 2-tank and 3-tank system applications. Hence, the results of this study highlight their viability for designing environmentally friendly and energy-efficient heating systems.

Unlocking the power of energy efficiency: A multi-benefit approach with the referee tool

Unlocking the power of energy efficiency: A multi-benefit approach with the referee tool Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of the European Green Deal and the European Union’s (EU) pathway toward carbon neutrality. With implementation efforts underway across the Continent, the Referee tool stands ready to support decision-makers and stakeholders in their energy efficiency planning, embracing a multi-benefits approach. Energy efficiency has long been championed as a vital tool in the fight against climate change. According to the 2022 IPCC report, energy efficiency in the industrial, ground transportation, and building sectors is the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For instance, significant energy efficiency improvements in the building sector (e.g. more energy-efficient heating systems, better insulation) could reduce the energy demand of the residential building stock in the EU by 19.4% in 2030 and by 43% in 2050 compared to 2018 levels.

PERFORMANCE OF HEAT PUMP BASED ON COMPOSITE ADSORBENT ‘SILICA GEL – CRYSTALLINE HYDRATE’

Performance of an adsorptive heat pump has been studied. The factors affecting the efficiency of its work have been analyzed. Operating parameters and efficiency of adsorptive heat pumps and adsorptive heat storage devices have been compared. An algorithm of calculating the basic operating characteristics of an adsorption heat pump in heat supply systems has been proposed. It involves calculating the mass transfer coefficient, final absolute humidity of the air flow passed though adsorbent layer, the water uptake or adsorption and the useful heat of adsorption and heat of condensation, determination of heat inputs for the operation of the device such as heating the adsorbent, case of the device, hydraulic circuit, the water in the tank and adsorbed water, heat of desorption and heat of evaporation, estimation the coefficient of energy performance. The evaluation criteria of the efficiency of adsorptive heat pumps and heat storage devices have been compared. It is shown that the operating parameters of the adsorptive heat pump and the adsorptive thermal energy storage device based on composite adsorbents ‘silica gel – sodium sulfate’ and ‘silica gel – sodium acetate’ are the same, i.e. airflow rate 0.08 - 0.1 m3/s and initial absolute humidity of airflow 0.03 – 0.04 kg/m3, which are corresponded with maximal efficiency of the device. The temperature of the humid air flow directed to the adsorbent layer is suggested to be set at 20 – 40 °C. The measures to increase the efficiency of the adsorptive heat pump are proposed. It is shown that ultrasonic air humidification allows to increase the coefficient of energy performance by almost 2 times compared to steam humidification. The obtained results can be used for developing energy-efficient heating systems of residential premises.

Перспективы развития цифровизации в сфере ремонта объектов коммерческой недвижимости на открытом рынке

This paper examines the concept and essence of digitalization in the field of repair of commercial real estate. The authors gives an introduction to the term commercial real estate, discusses modern digital technologies in this area, and notes that digital technologies are acquiring a special role in the commercial real estate renovation market, which are becoming the main direction of modernization of modern production. Also, the work offers prospects for the development of digitalization in the field of repair of commercial real estate on the open market, namely, energy-efficient heating systems are planned that reduce energy costs, the burden on the environment, and minimize heat loss; introduction of surfaces with self-cleaning properties, modular designs (quick welding, dismantling), which is one of the innovative solutions in the field of digitalization of repair work.

Optimal decarbonization strategies for existing districts considering energy systems and retrofits

Integrated energy system planning at the district level can contribute towards the sustainable transformation of the building sector by unlocking solutions beyond individual buildings. This is particularly true for existing districts, whose older buildings have a low energy performance and for which measures to reduce the energy demand and ensure a low-emission energy supply must be implemented. In the urban context, district heating networks (DHN) are a promising way of doing the latter, especially with carbon capture and storage (CCS) on the horizon. However, investment decisions for both types of measures – energy supply and demand reduction – must consider individual buildings as part of district-scale considerations as building-level demand-side interventions affect energy demand patterns and densities. These can in turn affect energy supply decisions at the district-level.This study presents a comprehensive methodology for determining optimal decarbonization strategies for existing districts while considering building-level energy supply and retrofitting investment decisions and the expansion of existing DHN. We do so by extending the MANGOret (Multi-stAge eNerGy Optimization - retrofitting) optimization framework for the long-term investment planning of building-level multi-energy systems and envelope retrofits. In addition, the study presents an approach for modeling CCS as an emission-reduction technology for the waste incinerator supplying the marginal expansion of the district heating network.The developed optimization model considers a long-term time horizon with multiple investment stages, allowing it to represent economic and technological developments over the model time horizon. It incorporates a multi-objective perspective, capturing the trade-offs between the total system costs and emissions. The model is applied to two existing case study neighborhoods in the city of Chur, Switzerland. The long-term energy system design and operation for the two neighborhood typologies – mixed-use and residential – are analyzed as part of the DHN expansion investment decision.The results show that retrofitting is the main cost driver of any decarbonization strategy. Therefore the choice and the size of the energy systems offer better leverage for reducing emissions with a moderate increase in costs. In dense inner-city neighborhoods with high heating demands, district heating is the cost-optimal heating choice. Together with a low-emission district heating source such as a waste incinerator with CCS or biomass, it also becomes the CO2-optimal choice. Furthermore, the case studies demonstrate that a combination of heat pumps, hot water thermal storage, and solar PV is not only the CO2-optimal but also the cost-optimal decentralized heating option if no DHN is available. This highlights the attractiveness of energy-efficient heating systems already today.

Investigation of energy efficiency of heating systems in power plant boilers for different conditions with CFD analysis

Investigation of energy efficiency of heating systems in power plant boilers for different conditions with CFD analysis

ФОРСАЙТ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ БУДІВЕЛЬ НА БАЗІ ЕНЕРГОХАБА УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ

The article reveals the essence of the key motivation drivers to save energy and increase the energy efficiency in higher education institutions. In particular, a low level of interest of higher education institutions in the implementation of strategies to reduce energy consumption has been observed. The findings suggest that the lack of interest in energy saving is primarily affected by budget legislation since the energy cost calculation was based on the consumption norms for a particular budgetary institution and the current (planned) electricity and heat tariffs. Recently, it has been decided that from now on universities will not obtain budget funding to cover utility costs; the amount of subsidies from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine for the implementation of the government objectives will comprise regulatory costs for public service provision according to the student contingent. Standard property maintenance costs will not be covered by the Ministry anymore which will impose the burden of paying the utility bills upon the University’s gross income. Hence, there is a need to take efforts to enhance energy efficiency and energy saving in higher education institutions which was implemented using a foresight methodology. Within the scope of this study, the foresight project to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in the frameworks of the University energy hub is based on the following calculations: thermal energy consumption for heating public buildings, estimated hourly heating load to ensure heating in the building, verifying the feasibility of heating standby regulation, measuring energy savings through the creation of an automated heat supply station, as well as annual savings in monetary terms. In order to save resources and boost energy efficiency based on the University energy hub using an automated heat supply station, the study offers a mathematical toolkit to justify the choice of minimum and maximum values of optimal microclimate parameters; reduce infiltration, increase the efficiency of indoor air distribution; optimal modes of local air conditioning, preheating and cooling; utilizing of "waste" and natural heat and cold; "combining" microclimate systems with other systems; improving automation devices in technical systems. It is argued that increasing the energy efficiency of heating systems in University buildings on the basis of its own energy hub will contribute to gaining significant savings in thermal energy for heating and significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the environment. In addition, the study reveals that the cost of thermal energy for heating depends upon a building design, modernization quality, reconstruction and insulation, applied building materials, spatial planning solutions, the presence or absence of control and automated systems, maintenance systems and attitude of owner’s attitude to innovations. The conclusions summarize that the cost of thermal energy can vary significantly in buildings of the same type.

Would you prefer to rent rather than own your new heating system? Insights from a discrete choice experiment among owner-occupiers in the UK

By offering to rent energy technologies, energy suppliers and other companies may tap into new market segments, allowing them to preserve or increase market shares. Because such rental services can help overcome capital-related and other barriers to energy efficiency, they may also contribute to achieving ambitious energy and climate targets. Yet, empirical analyses of renting energy technologies are scarce. Employing a large-scale discrete choice experiment among owner-occupiers in the United Kingdom, this study explores households' willingness-to-pay for renting compared to owning their new heating system. The findings obtained from mixed logit models suggest that, on average, participants strongly dislike renting compared to owning their new heating system, in particular owner-occupiers who are older than 70 years. However, about a third of the sample is estimated to prefer renting. On average, participants also value heating cost savings associated with energy-efficient heating systems and longer warranty periods. Finally, the paper discusses implications for policy-makers and for providers of heating system rental services.

Performance improvement of an air-to-water heat pump through linear time-varying MPC with adaptive COP predictor

Air-to-water heat pumps are one of the most common and energy efficient heating systems for buildings, particularly floor-heating plants. One way to further improve their effectiveness is to control the heat pump exploiting the dependence of its coefficient of performance (COP) on the external temperature and temperature of the return water from the load. In particular, it is possible to exploit the heat pump when its efficiency is higher, so optimizing its performance in a predictive manner, anticipating the impact of external conditions. For the case of an air-to-water heat pump, the optimization problem is nonlinear due to the load dependence of the heat pump COP and variable supply water flow rate. This may pose implementation problems. If we address a standard control hardware, simplified optimal control formulations are more effective. In this paper, we specifically address this issue, and a reduced-order, linear, but adaptive time-varying predictive model of the heat pump COP is designed. Our solution takes into account the variation of the heat pump efficiency based on the external temperature and the load profile, which are changing within the control horizon. The proposed COP model is then used within a linear time-varying model predictive controller formulation which provides a prediction of the heat pump dynamical behavior based on the load dependence of the heat pump COP, while tackling the nonlinearities of the system imposed by the variable water flow rate in the hot water tank and also by the load dependence of the heat pump COP. The proposed approach has been implemented and in detail tested on a reference model based on a real case study from the Denmark Technical University, Risø Campus, SYSLAB. An intensive simulation analysis and complements the testing, showing the accuracy and the potential of the method, also in the perspective of practical implementation.

ЭКСЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПИНЧ-АНАЛИЗ ВСЕХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ КОТЕЛЬНОГО АГРЕГАТА И КОТЕЛЬНОГО АГРЕГАТА В ЦЕЛОМ

The relevance of the research is caused by the need to improve the energy efficiency of heating systems, since all types of fuel are becoming more expensive. In this regard, there is a need to create a method of thermodynamic improvement of heat engineering systems. The main aim of the research is the creation of a method for improving heating systems, the application of this method on the example of a boiler unit PP-2650-255 GM. Objects: a direct-flow boiler PP-2650-255 GM, for which a thermodynamic analysis of the processes occurring in individual elements of the boiler – an air heater, economizer, firebox, and superheater – is performed. The article analyzes all heat fluxes on each element of the boiler. Methods. An exergy method of thermodynamic analysis is used as a research tool. It allows taking into account the energy potential of thermal processes. To date, the most effective method of parametric optimization of heat and power processes is the method of integration of heat flows (pinch method). However, the pinch method is based on a change in flow enthalpy, which does not take into account the qualitative characteristics of energy. In the article, the development of the pinch method continues; flow exergy is used instead of flow enthalpy. Optimization of heat engineering parameters is carried out using an exergy pinch method. Results. Exergy pinch analysis allows you to identify unused exergy and determine in which part the loss occurs. According to the calculations and the graph, it can be seen that hot flows lost 1503,57 MW of exergy, cold flows took 1295,57 MW of exergy, taking into account cooling of the working fluid by bypass. Thus, 47,9 MW of unused exergy was detected in this boiler unit. The results of the exergy pinch analysis allow us to formulate and justify specific design measures to improve the energy efficiency of the boiler unit. This analysis allows you to effectively use the energy and resources of heating equipment.

An experimental study on airborne particles dispersion in a residential room heated by radiator and floor heating systems

Population growth increasing life level and limitations of energy sources made efficient use of energy sources an inevitable task. The floor heating system has been developed as one of the most energy-efficient systems for heating inside spaces. The adoption of an energy-efficient heating system still requires the provision of acceptable indoor air quality to ensure a healthy environment. In this study, airborne particle distribution inside a space equipped separately with the radiator and floor heating systems is investigated experimentally. The experiments executed in an unoccupied residential room of 3m×4m×3m and sensitivity analyses were performed to unveil the effect of air temperature and floor cover on particle distribution pattern. The room space was divided into eight zones, where the particle concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 are measured by sampling the air. The results reveal that in radiator and floor heating systems, the highest airborne particle concentration is for PM10 and PM2.5 particles, respectively, which are 61% and 39% beyond their maximum allowable limit values. Between PM2.5 and PM10 particles, the concentration pattern of PM2.5 particles is more sensitive to change of both air temperature and floor condition. Also, between the radiator and floor heating system, the sensitivity is the highest in case of using floor heating system. By comparing the total deviation of PM2.5 and PM10 particle concentration from their corresponding allowable limit, the floor heating system is proposed as a more healthy heating system.

A study of new local heating and air conditioning schemes based on the Maisotsenko cycle

Significant consumption of energy resources in the production of heat in the winter season and air conditioning in the summer season is the main problem of municipal heat-and-power engineering. Therefore, local energy-efficient heating systems and climatic heating and cooling systems based on renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important. The heat pumps, based on the Rankine cycle, which use the energy of atmospheric air, soil, and wastewater, as well as air conditioning systems, based on the Maisotsenko cycle, using the psychrometric energy of the environment, have become widespread in recent years. Theoretical analysis shows that a combination of these cycles makes it possible to achieve high energy efficiency and create fundamentally new systems of heating and cooling the living spaces. This paper presents the results of a comparative experimental study of two heat supply and cooling schemes based on a combination of the Maisotsenko and Rankine cycles. An experimental bench of the combined cycle with thermal power of 28 kW with the power of the heat pump of 3 kW was developed for the experimental study. A serial M-cycle heat-and-mass exchanger manufactured by Coolerado Corporation, USA, was used in the design of the bench. Studies have shown high energy efficiency of both heat supply schemes which was determined by the coefficient of performance (COP): 6.3–7.21 for the first scheme and 7.44–9.73 for the second one. When conditioning the room air, the Rankine heat pump was not used, so the energy was consumed solely by the fan to pump air through the M-cycle heat-and-mass exchanger and the air conditioning system. In this case, the coefficient of performance was 10.49–16.32

THE INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF LAYING PIPELINES ON THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE HEATING NETWORK

Through pipelines of heat networks, due to their large length, a large amount of thermal energy is lost. Identification of technical solutions related to improving the energy efficiency of heating networks is an urgent task at present. The article is devoted to the consideration of options for laying pipelines of heat networks during design work. In the conducted studies, two main methods of underground laying of pipelines of heat networks with the choice of the most energy-efficient, with minimal losses of thermal energy are considered. Channel and channelless laying methods are investigated with the same design features and technological conditions of operation of pipelines of heat networks using the same thermal insulation material. For each option, the required thickness of the thermal insulation is determined by the normalized density of the heat flow, thermal calculations are performed to determine the heat loss and the value of the temperature fields generated around the operating pipelines of the heat networks. The obtained values of the thermal insulation thickness in the channel method of laying pipelines are 30-50 % lower than those in channelless laying. The heat loss values, according to the results of the heat calculation for the options under consideration, in the channel method of laying are reduced by 47-65 %. The temperature fields formed around the pipelines of thermal networks with channelless laying significantly exceed the natural value of the soil temperature at the depth of the pipeline. What has a great influence on the determination of the distance to adjacent pipelines and other utilities, laid underground, in the zone of the thermal network. A comparative analysis of the results obtained makes it possible to single out the choice of the method of laying the pipeline into a group of measures aimed at energy saving and increasing energy efficiency in heating systems.

Mathematical modeling of the forecast and standby heating modes

The aim of the work is the development and study of methods for reducing the cost of heat energy for heating buildings and constructions by means of usage of automated control systems based on a programmable logic controller. Methods : In contrast to the known methods, the proposed mathematical model of non-stationary processes in heat-intensive enclosures makes it possible, according to the adaptive control algorithm, to perform forecast and standby heating taking into account the time dependence of the outdoor air temperature. Results: The algorithm ensures the equality of the heating system power and the heat losses power, allows one to maintain the desired indoor air temperature in the room when the outdoor air temperature changes. The heat loss compensation mode is achieved without using the temperature chart parameters of the network water and the parameters of proportional-integral-differential control laws that are necessary to set up at common automatic heating control systems. When calculating the forecast and standby heating modes, the mathematical model allows, at given initial and final temperatures of the internal air, determining the heating system power, which provide the desired temperature at the end of a specified period of time. The adaptive control algorithm allows setting the calculated outdoor temperature and the desired internal air temperature at any time. Under the forecast control, the mathematical model allows determining the system power at which the internal air temperature will remain almost constant when the outdoor air temperature changes. Conclusions: The developed algorithm of adaptive control allows one to create an energy-efficient heating system that provides the desired room temperature with minimum consumption of thermal energy taking into account all parameters affecting the heat loss power and the heating system power

Application of the energy efficient heating system of the poultry house

. The share of thermal energy in the total energy balance of rural areas is about 90%. A considerable amount of it is spent on the heat supply of the premises of livestock complexes. For example, breeding poultry under industrial conditions is characterized by a large concentration of poultry on the premises and involves the creation of bulky poultry complexes. This necessitates compliance with the special requirements for ensuring the required temperature regime in order to obtain high productivity of poultry at lower specific feed costs per unit of production. Due to poor temperature parameters in the poultry house, the potential productivity of the poultry is only 20-30% of the total productivity. There is an increase in metabolism, accompanied by an increase in feed costs. When breeding poultry meat breeds the deviation of the air temperature from the required value by only one degree leads to a marked decrease in the productivity of the poultry. Therefore, the task of modern systems of heat supply of poultry premises is to maintain the necessary temperature parameters in the location of poultry with quality control of air temperature as the poultry grows, which will significantly reduce energy consumption. The design of a local heating system, which is able to provide the necessary zoo hygienic requirements in the location of the poultry and a new way of growing poultry - modular poultry farming was proposed. With this method of keeping the poultry, the specified temperature conditions are created and a certain microclimate is required to ensure the zoo hygienic requirements with possible efficient and economical use of energy resources during economically justified period of normal operation. The paper justifies the feasibility of using energy-efficient technologies based on infrared radiation. Efficiency of application of the module for growing poultry with infrared radiator and forced ventilation system was confirmed. The field of influence of the exhaust outlet was studied and investigated under field conditions. It is established that the outlet operation does not affect the overall distribution of air flow in the module, since the radius of the suction torch is 0.16 m with a maximum exhaust air flow rate of 880 m 3 /h. Based on studies conducted on the efficiency of the exhaust outlet, it is found that the amount of heat recovered from the exhaust air is 30% of the heat output of the infrared heater. Key words : infrared heater , exhaust outlet, suction torch, module for poultry breeding.

Heat Pump Heating System Development of Educational Building based on Energy, Economical and Environmental Impacts

In this research the technical designing of energy efficient heating system with vertical-borehole heat pumps for institutional buildings was performed. The local government would like to change the old gas boiler-based heat producing system to up-to-date, environmental friendly equipment with the financial support of the European Union. The payback time was calculated and environmental calculations were achieved with carbon dioxide saving by various conditions that were also achieved during the research project. The results show that the heat pump system also provides a significant reduction of environmental load, in addition to significant energy savings. The amount of calculated savings justifies the environmental friendliness of heat pump systems.

Modular poultry farming in industrial breeding with using an energy efficient heating system

Modular poultry farming in industrial breeding with using an energy efficient heating system

Balancing fittings in a water heating system

Energy conservation and improving energy efficiency are priority areas for the development of the global economy. The need to increase the energy efficiency of the engineering equipment of buildings is due to both the requirements to reduce the energy consumption of buildings in general, and the increase in the proportion of energy-consuming climate systems used in modern construction. In large modern office, hotel and residential complexes to achieve the greatest energy efficiency it is necessary to use various technical solutions. The main element of an energy-efficient heating system is regulation. Balancing devices allow to not only balance and tune the system at any time of operational period but also serve as stop valves during reparation and diagnostics. Determination of energy savings bases on the average value heat consumption before and after modernization, depending on the type of installed valves or their combination. The focus of the work is hydraulic calculation of the heating system the authors conduct research on the effect of differently balancing fittings on the hydraulics of the heating system.