Energy Development Research Articles

Efficient H2 evolution over MoS2-NiS2/g-C3N4 S-scheme photocatalyst with NiS2 as electron mediator

Low-cost transition metal sulfides are commonly utilized as photocatalysts for H2 production owing to their exceptional conductivity and superior specific surface area. In this study, MoS2-NiS2 nanoflowers with multidimensional space structure was obtained through the sulphuration reaction between S2- and NiMoO4 under Kirkendall effect during hydrothermal reaction. Subsequently, MoS2-NiS2 was loaded on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets using a solvent self-assembly strategy to form 3D MoS2-NiS2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions. The experimental results demonstrate that the H2 production rate of 20 wt% MoS2-NiS2/g-C3N4 reaches 22153 μmol·g-1·h-1 under a 300 W Xe lamp irradiation, which is 59.5 and 201.4-folds than MoS2-NiS2 and g-C3N4, and surpasses 20 wt% MoS2/g-C3N4 (211 μmol·g-1·h-1) and 20 wt% NiS2/g-C3N4 (6183 μmol·g-1·h-1). The XPS and Superoxide radical capture experiments demonstrate that the charge transfer between MoS2-NiS2 and g-C3N4 follows the S-scheme route, and NiS2 functions as an electron mediator, facilitating the transfer of electrons from MoS2 to g-C3N4 to consume the holes, which enhances the efficiency of H2 evolution reaction on g-C3N4. Furthermore, the S-scheme heterojunction of MoS2-NiS2/g-C3N4 with the multidimensional geometric structure can provide abundant active sites for catalytic reactions, this presents a promising approach for the development of cost-effective and high-performance g-C3N4-based heterojunctions. This work offers distinctive perspectives on the trajectory of renewable H2 energy development.

Regional Disparities in the Efficacy of Renewable Energy Development for Alleviating Energy Poverty in Indonesia: An In-depth Analysis

Regional Disparities in the Efficacy of Renewable Energy Development for Alleviating Energy Poverty in Indonesia: An In-depth Analysis

A three-stage framework for optimal site selection of hybrid offshore wind-photovoltaic-wave-hydrogen energy system: A case study of China

The integration of offshore wind-photovoltaic-wave-hydrogen production is a sustainable energy development concept that could smooth the intermittency of renewable energy generation, reduce energy abandonment, and improve energy efficiency. However, the successful deployment of a hybrid offshore wind-photovoltaic-wave-hydrogen energy system is premised on the selection of an appropriate location, which necessitates a robust framework to support this decision. This study proposes a three-stage decision framework based on Geographic Information System and multi-criteria decision-making to determine the optimal location from macro and micro perspectives. To ensure the effectiveness of site selection, it develops a comprehensive criteria system, including exclusion criteria and evaluation criteria, encompassing geographical, resource, economy, risk, and sustainable potential aspects. Then, the spatial simulation of alternative sites is conducted according to exclusion criteria to rule out infeasible alternative sites. The multi-criteria decision-making in the third stage is performed in a rough-fuzzy environment to eliminate the uncertainty in decision-making. Finally, a case study is conducted on Hainan Island, China. The results show that the western sea area of Dongfang City is the optimal location to deploy the hybrid offshore wind-photovoltaic-wave-hydrogen energy system. The proposed framework offers a reference for practical offshore renewable energy project implementation.

The Influence of Urban New Energy Development Orientation on New Energy Technology Innovation in Firms

Unlike existing energy policies that adopt a macro-level perspective, this paper examines the impact of China’s new energy demonstration cities (NEDC) policy on micro-agents. Using longitudinal data covering Chinese publicly listed firms in new energy industries, the empirical results show that the NEDC policy significantly increases firm’s new energy patents in pilot cities compared to those in non-pilot cities. We examine the potential channels via industrial upgrading effect, relative scale effect, direct incentive effect, and factor aggregation effect. In addition, we find that the NEDC policy performs better in areas with more governmental new energy attention and higher infrastructure levels, and state-owned businesses are more proactive.

Clean energy challenges and innovation opportunities in Kazakhstan

Abstract Kazakhstan has pledged to transition to a low-carbon economy by implementing national policies and strategies that promote clean energy innovation. However, Kazakhstan is still falling short of its expected targets for energy transition, and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the country’s challenges and opportunities for clean energy development. Towards this end, the current study identifies and assesses the enablers and barriers related to clean energy innovation in Kazakhstan. Using the combination of SWOT analysis, survey data from 41 experts and the DEMATEL decision support tool, we evaluated the key factors affecting Kazakhstan’s clean energy innovation and their implications for energy transition. Assessment results show that the immature business environment, underpinned by technological, institutional, and socioeconomic factors, is perceived as a high-impact constraint for clean energy innovation and green finance deployment in Kazakhstan. Skilled labour shortages, high reliance on hydrocarbons and low retail energy prices are significant challenges to Kazakhstan’s clean energy innovation. The low-profit margin and high investment risk in clean energy projects are identified as transition barriers in the power and energy-intensive industries. In contrast, Kazakhstan’s endowments of resources critical for developing clean energy technologies (rare earth metals, uranium, gas) and the potential of low-carbon investments (e.g. carbon storage) are perceived as prominent enablers of clean energy innovation. Results are consistent across expert subgroups (academia, industry, NGOs, etc). Findings call for policy support to modern and attractive business environments, capacity, and human capital development. The findings can provide helpful insights for countries in Central Asia and beyond with similar socioeconomic structures that aim for a timely energy transition.

Performance Analysis of the 1 MW Rooftop Solar Power Generation System at the Karawang

Electric energy is crucial for development, with Indonesia's projected electricity demand reaching 120 GW by 2025. The National Energy Policy emphasizes the development of renewable energy, particularly Solar Power Plants (PLTS), which have rapidly advanced with increased efficiency and reduced production costs. PLTS has become an attractive option, especially in areas with high solar intensity, for applications such as home lighting and vaccine storage. The target PLTS capacity is 400 MW by 2024. Despite growing popularity, challenges such as high initial costs and efficiency in unstable weather conditions remain. Research shows that environmental factors and shading can affect PLTS performance. This study analyzes the performance of a 1 MW PLTS system at a ceramic factory in Karawang using Global Solar Atlas and PVsyst for simulation and comparison with field data. Simulation results indicate optimal power production >90% with a performance ratio between 81.90% and 84.70%. The built PLTS shows a stable performance ratio above 79%, with power production differing by <10% compared to PVsyst simulation, demonstrating system reliability in actual operational conditions. This research underscores the importance of environmental factors in PLTS design and operation to achieve maximum efficiency.

Design Of A Hybrid Power Generation System in Cipatujah Tasikmalya Regency

The escalating daily demand for electricity, propelled by technological advancements and the pervasive use of electronic devices, accentuates the imperative for a dependable and sustainable power generation system. Renewable energy sources emerge as a viable solution to address the electricity needs in Indonesia, particularly in remote areas where access to the main grid is challenging. Tasikmalaya Regency, situated in West Java Province and defined by its geographical coordinates between 7°02' 29" - 7°49' 08" South Latitude and 107°54' 10" - 108°25' 52" East Longitude, presents a promising setting for the implementation of such sustainable energy solutions. The coastal area of Tasikmalaya, specifically Cipatujah Subdistrict, exhibits substantial renewable energy potential, including wind, solar radiation, and ocean waves. This research endeavors to design an efficient hybrid power generation system in Cipatujah Subdistrict using HomerPro software. The methodology involves crafting various models to determine the most economically efficient generation strategy. The study utilizes electricity consumption data sourced from the Karangnunggal Tasikmalaya Substation, situated in the southern coastal region of Tasikmalaya, particularly in Cipatujah Subdistrict, with a daily consumption of 20.6917 MW. By addressing the specific energy needs of the region, the research aims to make a positive contribution to the development of renewable energy and, concurrently, serve as a guiding framework for similar system designs in locations sharing comparable characteristics. This multifaceted approach underscores the significance of tailoring sustainable energy solutions to the unique requirements of diverse regions, fostering a broader transition towards a reliable and environmentally conscious energy future.

Engineering Ag-Modified BiOCl as an Efficient and Effective Catalyst for Solar Light-Driven Organic Pollutant Degradation and Hydrogen Production.

The direct conversion of solar energy into clean fuels has emerged as an effective approach for future energy production and addressing environmental challenges. This research focuses on the synthesis of BiOCl using a straightforward hydrothermal method with Ag modification achieved through green synthesis. These materials were applied to enhance photocatalytic processes and hydrogen (H2) evolution. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized photocatalysts was performed by using techniques, such as XRD, SEM, BET, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The Ag/BiOCl composite demonstrated impressive photocatalytic performance, achieving degradation rates of 96% for RhB, 87.7% for TC, and 85% for HQ under 18 min of solar irradiation. Additionally, a high mineralization rate of 92% was observed through Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis. Furthermore, the Ag/BiOCl composite exhibited a significant H2 evolution rate of 565 μmol g-1 h-1, which is nearly double that of pure BiOCl. The interaction between Ag and BiOCl was found to enhance the generation of O2- radicals, as confirmed by radical trapping experiments, with the underlying mechanism elucidated using LC-HRMS. The nanoparticles also demonstrated excellent degradation of industrial waste, highlighting the potential of Ag/BiOCl for use in the purification and sterilization of industrial effluents.

Harvesting the sun twice: Energy, food and water benefits from agrivoltaics in East Africa

Food, energy and water insecurity are concomitant challenges facing many communities in East Africa. Agrivoltaic systems – agriculture integrated with photovoltaic panels – address all three challenges, providing low carbon electricity, food production and water conservation on the same land area. Agrivoltaics have proven benefits for the food-energy-water nexus in the USA, Europe and Asia, but research is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa, where energy access remains low, and climate change and water scarcity threaten food systems. This study presents evidence for concomitant electricity generation, food production and water conservation from agrivoltaic systems in Tanzania and Kenya, demonstrating the viability of these systems for both grid-tied agribusinesses and rural, off-grid communities. Performance of some crops improved under agrivoltaics, generating higher incomes for farmers and agribusinesses while reducing energy bills and/or enhancing energy supply. Crop survivability during a warm period was greater under the agrivoltaic system, indicating potential for climate change resilience. Panel shading reduced irrigation demand, thus some crops achieved greater yields while needing less water input. Rainwater harvesting from panel runoff further reduced irrigation needs. Combining energy infrastructure with agriculture enhanced land productivity for all crops at both sites. Agrivoltaics, whether grid-tied or off-grid, could address multiple Sustainable Development Goals in East Africa simultaneously by contributing to energy security, climate change-resilient food production, and water conservation in the region.

Application of Internet of Things (IoT) in Energy Infrastructure: Lessons for the Future of Operations and Maintenance

The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in energy infrastructure is revolutionizing operations and maintenance practices, driving efficiencies, and enhancing sustainability across the sector. This paper explores the transformative impact of IoT technologies on energy infrastructure, focusing on how they facilitate real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and data-driven decision-making. By leveraging IoT devices and systems, energy operators can optimize performance, reduce operational costs, and minimize downtime, ultimately contributing to more resilient and sustainable energy systems. The discussion highlights key IoT applications within energy infrastructure, including smart grids, renewable energy systems, and conventional power plants. Smart sensors and devices enable continuous data collection, providing insights into equipment performance, energy consumption, and environmental conditions. Predictive analytics, powered by IoT data, allows operators to anticipate equipment failures and conduct maintenance proactively, thereby extending asset life and improving reliability. Additionally, the abstract addresses the challenges associated with IoT integration in energy infrastructure, such as cybersecurity risks, data management issues, and the need for interoperability among diverse systems. It emphasizes the importance of establishing robust security protocols to protect sensitive data and ensure the integrity of IoT networks. Furthermore, the role of regulatory frameworks and industry standards in promoting the safe and effective deployment of IoT technologies is discussed. The paper also examines case studies of successful IoT implementations in energy infrastructure, showcasing the lessons learned from these initiatives. These examples illustrate the potential for IoT to enhance operational efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and support the transition to cleaner energy sources. In conclusion, the abstract underscores that the adoption of IoT technologies in energy infrastructure is not just a trend but a necessity for the future of operations and maintenance. As the energy sector continues to evolve, embracing IoT will be crucial for achieving sustainability goals and meeting the growing demands for reliable energy supply.

Study on optimization of thermal injection parameters in fractured reservoirs of HDR

ABSTRACT To improve the heat recovery of hot dry rock (HDR) and realize the efficient and sustainable development of geothermal energy, it is necessary to analyse the factors affecting the heat recovery performance of HDR fractured reservoir. In this paper, a numerical model of heat recovery in fractured reservoirs with HDR is established. The effects of injection parameters on the heat recovery performance of the Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) are compared and analysed by means of the average temperature, heat extraction rate, production temperature and heat recovery power of matrix rocks at different locations. The influence degree of injection flow rate and injection temperature on production temperature was analysed by grey correlation analysis method. The results showed that reducing the injection temperature is beneficial to fully extract the heat energy in the rock mass. The injection flow rate is positively correlated with the heat extraction rate and negatively correlated with the extraction temperature. In this simulation scheme, the optimal results are as follows: injection temperature is 298.15K, injection flow is 12 kg/s, and the influence of injection flow on production temperature is greater than that of injection temperature. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of geothermal energy in HDR and provides a reference for the design of engineering operation parameters.

Comprehensive Evaluation Research on the Sustainable Development Level of Rural Energy Based on CRITIC-MABAC in Henan Province

Energy shortages are a key issue at present, and climate problems caused by the extraction and use of traditional fossil energy sources are also creating new challenges for rural development, with sustainable rural energy development being a priority at present. This paper takes the sustainable development of rural energy as the research object, and evaluates the development of rural energy in each prefecture-level city in Henan Province. On the one hand, rural development is viewed from the perspective of energy, on the other hand, the evaluation results provide a reference for each prefecture-level city, and most of the energy data can be obtained directly and with a high degree of accuracy, based on the CRITIC – MABAC methodology to determine the weights from an objective point of view and to rank the evaluation results, which is capable of obtaining the most accurate evaluation results. Finally, we used energy-related data from Henan Province in 2022 to conduct empirical analyses, and verified that Shangqiu City has a high level of sustainable rural energy development, which verifies the feasibility of the methodology proposed in this paper, and gives relevant recommendations.

Research Progress on CO2 as Geothermal Working Fluid: A Review

With the continuous increase in global greenhouse gas emissions, the impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly severe. In this context, geothermal energy has gained significant attention due to its numerous advantages. Alongside advancements in CO2 geological sequestration technology, the use of CO2 as a working fluid in geothermal systems has emerged as a key research focus. Compared to traditional water-based working fluids, CO2 possesses lower viscosity and higher thermal expansivity, enhancing its mobility in geothermal reservoirs and enabling more efficient heat transfer. Using CO2 as a working fluid not only improves geothermal energy extraction efficiency but also facilitates the long-term sequestration of CO2 within reservoirs. This paper reviews recent research progress on the use of CO2 as a working fluid in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), with a focus on its potential advantages in improving heat exchange efficiency and power generation capacity. Additionally, the study evaluates the mineralization and sequestration effects of CO2 in reservoirs, as well as its impact on reservoir properties. Finally, the paper discusses the technological developments and economic analyses of integrating CO2 as a working fluid with other technologies. By systematically reviewing the research on CO2 in EGS, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the future development of geothermal energy using CO2 as a working fluid.

Global renewable energy transition in fossil fuel dependent regions

The worldwide shift towards renewable energy, as defined by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, is a crucial milestone in achieving a sustainable future. The core focus of SDG 7 is to advance the accessibility, dependability, and environmentally-friendly nature of energy, aiming to substantially enhance the proportion of renewable energy sources and enhance energy efficiency. Although there have been significant developments in renewable energy, notably in solar and wind technologies, the rate of transition is still inadequate to achieve climate objectives. This study examines the imperative of implementing policy changes and integrated strategies to align global and local goals, while tackling the issues of resource allocation and the pressing need to transition away from fossil fuels in order to mitigate global temperature increase. Case studies showcase effective national endeavors, such as Brazil's Proalcool, Germany's Energiewende, and India's ambitious renewable energy objectives, illustrating diverse strategies for bolstering renewable energy capability. The report also analyzes the economic consequences for emerging nations that heavily rely on fossil fuels and the expected effects of reduced fossil fuel consumption. This article offers a detailed analysis of the current advancements, difficulties, and variations across different regions in the field of renewable energy. It gives valuable information on the future of global renewable energy plans, highlighting the importance of unified worldwide endeavors to attain a sustainable energy future.

A two-stage bi-level electricity-carbon coordinated optimization model for China's coal-fired power system considering variable renewable energy bidding

With China's grid-connected large-scale variable renewable energy, coal-fired power system is progressively changing from being the main supplier of electric energy to providing flexibility services. The coal-fired power system must increase operating efficiency during this transition process by considering the technical characteristics of various coal-fired power units. Additionally, the trading strategies of coal-fired power units in the electricity-carbon market are impacted differently depending on the extent of VRE penetration. This paper innovatively considers these two factors and proposes a two-stage bi-level clearing model in electricity-carbon joint market to coordinate the synergistic development of variable renewable energy and coal-fired power. The upper level of the model aims to maximize the total profits of the coal-fired power system and variable renewable energy units, while the lower level of the model minimizes the total purchasing costs. Coal-fired power units and variable renewable energy units compete to sell electric energy, with the latter buying peaking regulation from the former. The research results indicate that the proposed model can significantly reduce 66.79 % carbon emissions, increase 33.96 % non-fossil variable renewable energy integration and optimize the generation structure of coal-fired power system.

A New Grey Prediction Model and Its Application in Renewable Energy Consumption

Renewable energy is an energy resource that can be used continuously. At present, international oil prices continue to rise, the problem of global climate change is becoming increasingly prominent, and renewable energy and clean energy have ushered in a new round of development opportunities. Based on the new gray prediction model, this paper forecasts the consumption of renewable energy and further analyzes the sustainable development of renewable energy. In this paper, the combinatorial optimization method of cumulative order, background value coefficient, and initial conditions, parameter optimization combination, parameter combinatorial optimization process of the gray prediction model, and parameter optimization mechanism based on the PSO algorithm are proposed, and the reduction error analysis is carried out. The consumption of wind power and photovoltaic renewable energy is forecasted, and three different forecasting methods as exponential smoothing method, time series analysis method, and new gray forecasting method are compared, and the wind speed, irradiation intensity, and load are forecasted by these three different forecasting methods. Compared with the time series analysis method and the exponential smoothing method, the RMSE of the new grey prediction method is reduced by 127.12% and 160.59%, and the error rate is reduced by 3.16% and 4%, respectively. Based on the consumption forecast of renewable energy, this paper analyzes its sustainability from three directions economy, resource supply, and environment, and finally gives energy policy recommendations.

Corrosion resistance in LNG plant design: Engineering lessons for future energy projects

Corrosion resistance is a critical consideration in the design and operation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants, where harsh environmental conditions and aggressive chemicals can significantly impact asset integrity and safety. This paper explores engineering lessons learned from past LNG projects, emphasizing the importance of corrosion management strategies to enhance the longevity and reliability of energy infrastructure. The study highlights key factors contributing to corrosion in LNG facilities, including materials selection, environmental exposure, and operational practices. By employing advanced materials such as corrosion-resistant alloys and coatings, engineers can mitigate corrosion risks, leading to reduced maintenance costs and extended equipment lifespan. The paper examines successful case studies where proactive corrosion management has been implemented, showcasing innovative engineering solutions such as cathodic protection, corrosion monitoring systems, and design modifications that enhance resistance to corrosion-related failures. Furthermore, it addresses the role of regular inspections, predictive maintenance, and risk-based approaches in identifying potential corrosion issues before they escalate into significant problems. As LNG plants continue to proliferate globally, the integration of corrosion resistance into design and operational frameworks becomes increasingly vital. This paper also discusses emerging technologies and materials that hold promise for improving corrosion resistance, including nanotechnology and smart coatings that provide real-time monitoring capabilities. By learning from past projects and embracing a proactive approach to corrosion management, future energy projects can enhance safety, reduce operational risks, and achieve greater sustainability in their operations. Ultimately, the lessons derived from this research will contribute to developing best practices for designing and operating LNG plants and other energy facilities, ensuring that they meet the challenges of a rapidly evolving energy landscape.

Cross-Sector collaboration in energy infrastructure development: New models for public-private partnerships in emerging markets

Cross-Sector collaboration in energy infrastructure development: New models for public-private partnerships in emerging markets

AI-driven predictive maintenance and optimization of renewable energy systems for enhanced operational efficiency and longevity

The rapid growth of renewable energy systems necessitates advanced strategies for maintenance and optimization to ensure long-term operational efficiency and sustainability. Traditional approaches often fall short in predicting failures and optimizing performance across diverse and dynamic renewable energy infrastructures. This study investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for predictive maintenance and optimization of renewable energy systems, with the aim of enhancing operational efficiency and extending system longevity. We employ a combination of machine learning algorithms, including deep neural networks and reinforcement learning, to develop predictive models and optimization strategies. These models are trained on large-scale datasets collected from operational wind farms, solar installations, and hydroelectric plants. Our results demonstrate that AI-driven approaches can predict equipment failures with 92% accuracy, reducing unplanned downtime by 35% compared to traditional methods. Moreover, AI-optimized operational parameters improved overall energy output by 8.5% across the studied systems. The proposed framework also showed adaptability to various environmental conditions and system configurations, suggesting broad applicability across the renewable energy sector. This research underscores the significant potential of AI in revolutionizing maintenance practices and operational strategies in renewable energy systems, paving the way for more reliable, efficient, and sustainable clean energy production.

Challenges in implementing renewable energy initiatives in Pakistan

Pakistan's growing population and rising energy demand call for sustainable energy solutions. Renewable energy presents an ideal option, but the country faces several challenges in implementing these initiatives. This paper explores the financial, political, social, and technological barriers to renewable energy development in Pakistan, while offering potential solutions for overcoming these challenges.