Energy Deficiency Research Articles

Analysis of methods for reducing the signal PAPR under the influence of the Doppler effect in hybrid communication networks

Background. For further development of communication networks, it is planned to use hybrid satellite networks for traffic transmission. However, satellite communication channels have features such as distortion caused by the Doppler effect and increased energy efficiency requirements. Aim of this study is to analyze variants of orthogonal frequency multiplexing methods and modulation methods in order to choose the most stable technology, taking into account destabilizing factors. Method. Comparing different signal processing technologies and studying their resistance to bit errors is the imitation modeling of the communication channel in the Matlab environment. This approach allows creating a model of the communication network, taking into account the main parameters of communication channels, such as the Doppler effect, energy deficiency and destabilizing factors. Results. The distribution of the bit error coefficient for various signal processing technologies, depending on the signal-to-noise ratio, is compared. The method of frequency multiplexing is defined, providing the minimum peak factor and the most resistant to bit error. It is also noted that the effectiveness of all the studied technologies depends on the spacing and modulation constellations, and that it is necessary to adjust the characteristics of the system for each case. Conclusion. The results of this study can be used to improve the quality of communication in difficult interference conditions of hybrid mobile networks of 5 and 6 generations using the satellite segment.

‘What should I do as a coach?’: an interview study with Swedish national team coaches about their professional practice and experiences in addressing potential health risks in elite sport

Through interviews with 12 Swedish national team coaches, this qualitative study explores the ways in which these coaches experience their professional work in relation to topics such as Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and disordered eating behaviours/eating disorders (DE/EDs). Using Andrew Abbott’s concepts of ‘diagnosis’, ‘inference’, and ‘treatment’ as the framework for the study, it suggests that coaches believe they have a role and sufficient knowledge to detect signs and symptoms of REDs or DE/EDs in the diagnosis phase. Following the International Olympic Committee’s guidelines, the coaches prefer to delegate the clinical treatment to members of the athlete’s health and performance team. However, they find that the connection between diagnosis (the problem) and treatment (the action) is unclear, resulting in coaches wanting to ‘infer’ support for their athletes. Implications of these findings are discussed within a professionalisation context along with topics such as education, boundary work, and legitimacy.

Evaluation of the potential power generation resources in SAARC region for sustainable energy trade

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive review on the contemporary condition of electrical energy in the SAARC countries with particular focus on conventional as well as renewable resources. The region lies at the center of the Asia with a dense population where demand and supply gap has always been a challenging factor for the governments. In addition, the region has observed enormous industrial growth during past two and half decades whose sustainability is totally dependent upon the continuous supply of energy. A bulk of valuable literature has been published in recent years that addresses the challenges, infrastructure improvements margins and several schemes to mitigate the energy deficiency in the region but most of it focuses upon either generation or transmission. This article covers this gap and presents to‐the‐point data that can be used for future forecasting, cross‐border trade possibilities and indigenous energy generation for remote and islanded regions within and across the SAARC mainland. A detailed review on electrical power generation potential by exploiting the renewable energy resources (RERs), generation capacity, installed capacity, energy short fall and transmission and distribution (T&D) losses is presented for each SAARC country and the results are presented in forms of tables and graphs. It can be inferred from the data presented in this paper that the energy crisis of the SAARC region can be overcome by mutual trade among the land‐connected countries by transporting the electrical energy, generated through RERs, across the borders. The paper concludes that the region has enormous potential for renewable energy available in form of hydal, solar, wind and biomass that, if maturely harnessed, can only not fulfil the local demands of the region but also be exported to establish the framework of cross‐border energy trade in future for sustainability of industrial and domestic utilization.

Evaluation of Toxicity of Feed Additive for Highly Productive Animals

The study of new feed additives requires toxicological research to assess their safety for further use. This research presents the results of an acute toxicity study of the feed additive "Bodrivin," developed for highly productive animals of dairy, meat-dairy, and meat breeds. The aim is to prevent stress of various etiologies, enhance the nutritional value of the diet, especially during periods of energy deficiency, and consequently improve productivity and profitability in production. Non-linear laboratory rats were used for the experiment. The first experimental group received a single oral dose of the feed additive via syringe and atraumatic needle with a bulbous end at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg. After obtaining the results of the experiment over a 14-day period, a similar experiment was conducted on the second experimental group. At the conclusion of the experiment, no signs indicating toxic effects of the studied feed additive were observed in the animals, and the body weight of the experimental animals remained unchanged in both the first and second series of the experiment. The acute toxicity study of the feed additive "Bodrivin" indicated that the evaluated feed additive belongs to Class V of danger according to GOST 32644-2014.

Pengaruh Pemberian Omlet Daun Katuk Terhadap Kejadian Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Bukit Kemuning

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a nutritional problem in pregnant women which is currently a nutritional problem in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) explains that the prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) in general in pregnancy is 35% to 75% (Abadi Putri, 2020). Lampung Province, KEK pregnant women is 13.62%, while in North Lampung Regency it is 9.92% (Riskesdas, 2018). The aim of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of giving katuk leaf omlet on the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women at the Bukit Kemuning Community Health Center. This type of research uses a quasi-experimental method (quassy experiment) with a one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was all pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), namely 16 pregnant women. The sampling technique uses the total sampling method. Data were collected using observation sheets and body weight measurements using digital scales and LILA measurements using LILA tape. The statistical tests used were the paired test to the T-Test and the Wilcoxcon Test. The results of the study. Giving katuk leaf omlet affected the weight of KEK pregnant women at the Bukit Kemuning Community Health Center (p-value = 0.000) and giving katuk leaf omelette had an effect on the LILA of KEK pregnant women in Bukit Kemuning Community Health Center (p-value = 0.027). Giving katuk leaf omelette for 30 days had an effect on the incidence of KEK at the Bukit Kemuning Community Health Center. In this research, it is hoped that health workers can provide mothers with the ability to consume nutritious food, and can introduce other local PMT which are consumed by pregnant women. Pregnant women with CED must consume food according to their needs to meet their nutritional intake.

Low energy availability surrogates are associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport outcomes in male athletes

ObjectivesTo determine the association between surrogates of low energy availability (EA) and proposed health and performance outcomes of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) in a clinical sample of adolescent...

Triad of female athletes

The female sports triad is a spectrum of dysfunctions related to energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density. Energy availability is considered the trigger for the triad. Scientists have proven that women who do sports consume approximately 30% less energy and carbohydrates in relation to their body weight. Sufficient energy availability ensures the presence of a menstrual cycle, directly affects the stimulation of the production of female sex hormones (estrogen in particular). Thus, it prevents resorption of bone tissue. When energy availability is too low, a physiological mechanism reduces the amount of energy used for cell maintenance, thermoregulation, growth, and reproductive function. This compensation tends to restore energy balance and promotes survival, but impairs health. Low body weight in women of reproductive age, particularly in adolescence and the first reproductive age, is a biological marker of somatic and reproductive dysfunction. Osteoporosis in young female athletes is manifested by fractures unusual for young women or by frequent and multiple bone fractures during an athletic career. In this review article, an analytical review of literary and informational sources regarding the history of research on the problem of the triad of female athletes is carried out. The specifics of the negative impact of the athlete triad on the female body, the components of the athlete triad (amenorrhea, eating disorders, and osteoporosis) are examined in detail. The article focuses on its main cause - energy imbalance. The impact of the triad of female athletes on the psyche and behavior is considered. The question of its consequences for health both in the short-term and in the long-term perspective is considered. The prevention of RED-S syndrome was also investigated. The purpose of the study: Systematization of current knowledge about the triad of female athletes (relative energy deficiency syndrome (RED-S)). Research methods. Theoretical analysis of literary sources, systematization, generalization of scientific-methodical and special literature.

Assessment of Physical and Combustion Properties of Fecal Sludge‐Derived Char Briquettes Bonded by Waste Papers, Cassava, and Banana Peels

ABSTRACTInnovative approaches using biomass and waste for briquette production are needed to address energy deficiencies in household cooking and heating. Fecal sludge (FS) can serve as a feedstock for briquette production. However, the physical and chemical qualities of the briquettes produced using FS and different binding materials are still inadequate. This article examines the physical and combustion properties of carbonized FS bio‐briquettes made using five different binders, namely, waste paper (WP), cooked banana peels (CB), non‐cooked banana peels (NB), cooked cassava peels (CC), and non‐cooked cassava peels (NC). Bio‐briquettes were made at various binder ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) using a locally fabricated manual pressing machine. Overall, the study discovered that all bio‐briquettes fabricated can be utilized for heating and cooking; however, the type and quantity of binders employed influence their quality. The study concluded that FS bio‐briquettes blended with 75% WP binder were the best, outperforming others in many tests including drying rates (6 days), physical tests (passed shattering [95%], water boiling [240 s], and tumbling tests [100%]), and burning/thermal efficiency (19.23 MJ/kg). The study suggests further research to be conducted on combining FS with other biomass feedstocks to decrease volatile matter and emissions in bio‐briquettes made with FS and non‐carbonized binders.

Toward holistic neighbourhood sustainability assessment: integrating fuzzy Delphi method for sustainable indicator selection for Aizawl city

ABSTRACT Neighbourhood Sustainability Assessment (NSA) is vital in navigating the complex dynamics of social, environmental, and economic factors in localised settings, especially amidst the challenges of urbanisation, resource scarcity, and climate change. NSA tools have emerged as pivotal instruments in integrating sustainability into urban development, recognising neighbourhood as fundamental units for systemic sustainability approaches. However, existing NSA methodologies tend to favour environmental aspects, prompting a call for more balanced approaches encompassing social and economic dimensions. The study underscores the need for NSA tools to evolve towards context-sensitive methodologies for broader applicability across diverse urban landscapes. Through a literature review, the study highlights the importance of integrating community perspectives, sustainability indicators, and context-specific approaches in NSA, advocating for holistic strategies to drive sustainable urban development agendas. This study presents a methodological framework for selecting neighbourhood sustainability indicators in Aizawl, the capital city of Mizoram which is located in N-E India, by incorporating community perspectives and expert judgments. The methodology involves several steps: review of existing NSA frameworks to select comprehensive indicators, perception and public participation surveys to identify local indicators, engagement of experts through the Fuzzy-Delphi Method, and application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for indicator prioritisation. Through these steps, 47 essential indicators were selected, covering social, economic, environmental and governance aspects. The study emphasises the importance of combining bottom-up community input with top-down-expert knowledge for comprehensive and reliable sustainability assessments. Challenges such as energy and water resource deficiencies are highlighted, underscoring the need for balanced approaches to neighbourhood sustainability planning.

Ascorbic Acid Enhances the Inhibitory Effect of Theasaponins against Candida albicans

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a main cause of hospital-acquired fungal infections. Combination therapy is promising as a novel anti-C. albicans strategy because of its better efficacy. Theasaponins are pentacyclic triterpenes in the Camellia genus with multiple biological activities. Our previous studies prove that theasaponins display inhibitory activity against C. albicans. Ascorbic acid (VC) is a vitamin found in many plants that shows potential in combination therapy. However, whether VC enhances the activity of theasaponins remains unclear. In this study, the checkerboard micro-dilution method was used to assess the effect of VC (0–80 mmol/L) on the anti-C. albicans effect of theasaponins (0–1000 μg/mL). Then, the effects of theasaponins (31.25 μg/mL), VC (80 mmol/L), and theasaponins (31.25 μg/mL) + VC (80 mmol/L) on C. albicans planktonic cells and different stages of biofilm formation were assessed. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms. According to the results, VC enhanced the anti-planktonic and anti-biofilm effect of theasaponins against C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration of theasaponins was significantly decreased and the fungicidal efficiency was increased with the addition of VC. VC remarkably aggravated the suppression of theasaponins with regard to various virulence factors of C. albicans, including adhesion, early biofilm formation, mature biofilm, cell surface hydrophobicity, and phospholipase activity. Compared with the theasaponins or VC groups, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was higher, while the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate were lower in the combination group, suggesting more severe oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, and energy deficiency. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the combination predominantly suppressed the pathways of glycolysis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. This implied that energy deficiency and redox imbalance were associated with the anti-C. albicans activity of the combination. These results prove that VC enhances the inhibitory effect of theasaponins against C. albicans and that the combination has the potential to be used as a topical antifungal therapy or disinfectant.

Use of oral nutritional supplements

Malnutrition – specifically undernutrition – is a state in which a deficiency of energy, protein and other nutrients causes adverse effects on the body, its function and clinical outcomes. Malnutrition can be disease-related or caused by social factors; the two are often inter-related. More than 3 million people in the UK are malnourished or ‘at risk’ of malnutrition, 93% of whom reside in the community. It commonly affects older people and those with certain medical conditions. With a pivotal role in providing care in secondary and community settings, prescribers are increasingly involved in quality improvement programmes to manage malnutrition, including the appropriate use of oral nutritional supplements. This article seeks to improve understanding of the impact of malnutrition on individuals and the wider healthcare economy, identification of those at risk and the effective use of oral nutrition support.

Biochemical characterization of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties grown in Togo

Food and nutrition insecurity are a major problem in low-income countries. However, some crops like sesame are still underused and can be used to improve the food and nutritional security in rural areas. Grains of seven varieties of sesame comprising four (4) local and three (3) introduced varieties were studied for their nutrient content and oil composition to provide information on their nutritional value and oil quality for a holistic development and valorisation of the crop in Togo. Results revealed that water, ash, lipid, protein, total sugar, fiber, vitamin C, energy, total phenol and tannin contents ranged from 5.08 to 6.30%; 3.94 to 5.40%; 36.69 to 45.62%; 19.52 to 25.37; 11.10 to 19.16; 3.84 to 7.01%; 1.10 to 1.94%; 660 to 953.3 Kcal/ 100g; 0.0020-7 to 0.006% and 0.005 to 0.017%. The oils extracted from these different varieties had saponification and acid indices that ranged respectively from 179.95 to 190.54 and from 4.47 to 8.96. In terms of fatty acid composition, oleic acid and linoleic acid ranged from 37.92 to 42.24% and 36.1 to 39.8% respectively, while palmitic acid ranged from 6.82 to 12.41% and stearic acid from 5.51 to 7.83%. The results enabled us to identify the sesame grains of local varieties G3 and G3B as being suitable for enriching infant flours or for remedying the problems of protein and energy deficiency in Togo. Further, the oils extracted from these varieties are of good quality and can therefore be used in industry and for food purposes.

Leptin physiology and pathophysiology in energy homeostasis, immune function, neuroendocrine regulation and bone health.

Since its discovery and over the past thirty years, extensive research has significantly expanded our understanding of leptin and its diverse roles in human physiology, pathophysiology and therapeutics. A prototypical adipokine initially identified for its critical function in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis, leptin has been revealed to also exert profound effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, thyroid, adrenal and growth hormone axis, differentially between animals and humans, as well as in regulating immune function. Beyond these roles, leptin plays a pivotal role in significantly affecting bone health by promoting bone formation and regulating bone metabolism both directly and indirectly through its neuroendocrine actions. The diverse actions of leptin are particularly notable in leptin-deficient animal models and in conditions characterized by low circulating leptin levels, such as lipodystrophies and relative energy deficiency. Conversely, the effectiveness of leptin is attenuated in leptin-sufficient states, such as obesity and other high-adiposity conditions associated with hyperleptinemia and leptin tolerance. This review attempts to consolidate 30 years of leptin research with an emphasis on its physiology and pathophysiology in humans, including its promising therapeutic potential. We discuss preclinical and human studies describing the pathophysiology of energy deficiency across organ systems and the significant role of leptin in regulating neuroendocrine, immune, reproductive and bone health. We finally present past proof of concept clinical trials of leptin administration in leptin-deficient subjects that have demonstrated positive neuroendocrine, reproductive, and bone health outcomes, setting the stage for future phase IIb and III randomized clinical trials in these conditions.

Prevalence of physiological and perceptual markers of low energy availability in male academy football players: a study protocol for a cross-sectional study

Low energy availability (LEA) is a core feature of the female athlete triad and relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). LEA underpins multiple adverse health and performance outcomes in various...

Using Advanced Imaging To Evaluate Bone Quality And Relative Energy Deficiency Risk In Elite Athletes

Using Advanced Imaging To Evaluate Bone Quality And Relative Energy Deficiency Risk In Elite Athletes

Self-reported Eating Behavior Is Correlated With Health Consequences Of Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport

Self-reported Eating Behavior Is Correlated With Health Consequences Of Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport

Forefoot Pain In Young Female Runner With Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport

Forefoot Pain In Young Female Runner With Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport

Low Energy Availability Surrogates Are Associated With Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport Outcomes In Male Athletes

Low Energy Availability Surrogates Are Associated With Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport Outcomes In Male Athletes

7562 Longitudinal Untargeted Proteomics of Leptin Administration in Lean Humans Under Short- And Long-Term Energy Deficiency: Novel Physiological Insights and Pleiotropic Immunomodulatory Effects From Two Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

7562 Longitudinal Untargeted Proteomics of Leptin Administration in Lean Humans Under Short- And Long-Term Energy Deficiency: Novel Physiological Insights and Pleiotropic Immunomodulatory Effects From Two Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

Prevalence of Signs and Symptoms of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Amongst Collegiate Athletes with Varying Levels of Access to Sports Registered Dietitian Nutritionists

Prevalence of Signs and Symptoms of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Amongst Collegiate Athletes with Varying Levels of Access to Sports Registered Dietitian Nutritionists