Energy Corporation Research Articles

Strategy for Commercialization of Pertamina Renewable Diesel in the B2B Domestic Market

KPI is a major energy corporation that operates in Indonesia, primarily producing diverse fuel and petrochemical products from its six refineries nationwide. PT KPI has successfully modified its facility to manufacture the first renewable diesel in the region to meet global and national energy transition and decarbonization goals. This renewable product surpasses FAME/biodiesel in terms of its superior quality, sustainability, and ability to be used directly without requiring any modifications to the engine. In the medium term, KPI plans to build a new Green Refinery to increase the production capacity of renewable diesel. The commercialization of renewable diesel is far from the target, only 12% of the total production capacity. This poor sales performance will endanger the continuity of future projects and energy transition targets in KPI and nationally. This research aims to understand the B2B market and customer decision-making behavior regarding renewable diesel products. To answer the business issue, the author utilizes the conceptual framework of the Five-Stage Model of Business Decision Behavior developed by Koster and Armstrong. Relevant respondents from the business-to-business sector were questioned using a predetermined set of questions, following the established protocol of the Five Stage Model concept. The respondents were middle and senior-level executives from major B2B clients who fully understood and knew about fuel operations, sustainability-related business challenges, and decarbonization. Through the recommended framework and analysis of consumer business decision behavior, a recommendation and solution were proposed for marketing strategy the renewable diesel product to B2B clients.

Why settle?: Partisan-based explanation of investor-state dispute outcomes

AbstractThis paper seeks to explain why some investor-state dispute cases are settled before reaching the ruling stage in democracies, focusing on disputes triggered by regulatory changes made by host government. Our argument is grounded in the domestic politics of the respondent country, specifically the partisan orientation of the incumbent government. When faced with regulatory investor claims, respondent governments must balance protecting domestic social welfare with promoting investment. Our theory is that right-leaning governments are more likely to settle because they are more willing to make regulatory concessions to appease foreign investors and attract investment. In contrast, left-leaning governments prefer arbitral rulings over settlements, as they view settlements as a capitulation to foreign investors’ demands at the expense of public welfare. Using original data from 335 investor-state disputes involving democratic host countries between 1994 and 2020, we find support for this claim. Moreover, we provide qualitative evidence from the investor-state dispute between TC Energy Corporation, a Canadian energy company, and the United States, as well as the investor-state disputes triggered by Argentina’s 2002 emergency measures, to confirm our hypothesized causal pathway linking government partisanship to the likelihood of settlement.

A Study of The Geographical Information System (GIS) based Energy Station Identification and Frequency Analysis Using ETA

The energy corporation entity recently pays maximum attention to the environmental and social safe guards associated with its operations. In developing countries mainly suffers to balance the gap between generation and demand for effective operation by the energy utilities. An inadequate transmission capacity, non-uniform location of energy stations may lead to worst consequences when the occurrences of fault and may end up with black out. To overcome the above situation and to improve the stability of such system, In this research proposes a Geographical Information System (GIS) based identification of location of the uncertainty power stations and also a technique called Islanding Scheme to protect the severely affected system by measuring its frequency parameters. The severely disturbed large interconnected power system is divided into number of subsystems with two or more generating buses feeding its nearby loads by disintegrating the tie lines. The sample 50 bus test case system taken from Tamilnadu Electricity Board (TNEB), INDIA to analyze and simulate the results using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) and Geographical Information System (GIS). In this paper, ETAP and GIS effective software tools used for identify the energy station in various locations and analyzing the frequency status of different buses for better operation in electric utilities and thus ensure better management, enhance the improved stability by mapping the data and outage management.

A Financial Analysis and Valuation of Leading Companies in the U.S. Electric Utility Sector

In the post-pandemic era, as societal life demands gradually recover and stabilize, the American public utilities sector has demonstrated positive growth momentum, garnering significant investor attention. This research focuses on four prominent enterprises within the industry, including Southern Company (SO), American Electric Power (AEP), Duke Energy (DUK), and Exelon Corporation (EXC). These entities not only epitomize the developmental trajectories of the electric power industry but also reflect the escalating influence of renewable energy over traditional fossil fuels and the ramifications of heightened environmental standards on corporate operations. Leveraging the 2023 annual reports as foundational data, this study conducts a thorough analysis and valuation of these firms' financial statement indices and price-to-earnings ratios, aiming to offer comprehensive insights and analyses regarding their financial standings and market prospects. The findings indicate that Southern Company exhibits robust market competitiveness and allure, alongside an optimistic outlook for future development, rendering it a viable candidate for sustained attention from investors seeking long-term value investments.

The semispinalis capitis muscle skull attachment as a superficial external landmark for the location of the transverse dural venous sinuses

IntroductionIdentifiable superficial external landmarks can be used to determine the exact location of the internally located dural venous sinuses, for neurosurgical procedures. Several studies have been conducted to determine a standard method or a consistent reliable landmark, but all reported variations and inconsistencies with the examined landmarks. This study evaluated the relationship between the attachment site of the semispinalis capitis muscles on the external aspect of the skull and the internally located transverse dural venous sinuses. MethodsFifty-one South African skulls were used in this study. The Micro-focus X-ray Radiography and Tomography (MIXRAD) system at Necsa (Nuclear Energy Corporation South Africa) was used to scan and create three-dimensional images of each skull specimen. Pre-determined reference points were placed on the reconstructed images with the VGStudio Max volume rendering software. The relevant distances and locations of the reference points were measured and documented. ResultsThe muscle attachment site was located inferior to the transverse sinuses in all the skulls with a mean distance of 15.99 mm (left side) and 19.43 mm (right side). A statistically significant difference was found between all the measurements comparing the left- and right sides, however, no such difference was found between males and females. ConclusionThe apical attachment of the semispinalis capitis muscle is a good indicator for the internally located transverse dural venous sinus. This study indicates that a point of entry 8–10 mm inferior to this muscle attachment site be used, for safe access to the internal aspect of the posterior cranium.

Companies

Net earnings after pre‐tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.

Preface

The 5th International Conference of Geography and Disaster Management 2023 (ICGDM 2023) was successfully held by the Faculty of Geography, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The conference was held via online Zoom meeting on 5-6th December 2023. ICGDM 2023 had a relevant theme for the tropical regions which is “Exploring Sustainable Solutions for Regional Development in Tropical Geographies: Unveiling the Potential, Embracing the Challenges”. It aimed to be a scientific platform for research dissemination, ideas sharing, and collaboration related to topics of environmental studies, socio-economic, regional development, disaster management, remote sensing, and GIS applications. ICGDM 2023 invited speakers from different backgrounds who are experts in the field of either physical or socio-economic geography. The keynote speakers were Dr. Nawaz M Mian (National University of Singapore, Singapore), Prof. Christopher Gomez (Kobe University, Japan), Muhammad Aufaristama, Ph.D. (University of Twente, Netherlands), Asaba Joyfred, M.A. (Kyambogo University, Uganda), Dr. Mukhamad Ngainul Malawani, M.Sc. (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia), Dr. Edy Trihatmoko (Impact Team 2050 Member, State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom (ROSATOM), Russia). This ICGDM 2023 was attended by 123 participants and presenters. The committee has received 123 paper submissions, and after the review process, 60 papers were selected for publication in the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. We would like to thank all the authors who have actively participated in the conference. We also highly appreciate the full support from Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. List of Committee is available in this pdf.

Financing and Management Strategies for Expanding Green Development Projects: A Case Study of Energy Corporation in China’s Renewable Energy Sector Using Machine Learning (ML) Modeling

Financing and Management Strategies for Expanding Green Development Projects: A Case Study of Energy Corporation in China’s Renewable Energy Sector Using Machine Learning (ML) Modeling

Aligning multinational corporate strategies with Sustainable Development Goals: A case study of an Italian energy firm's initiatives in developing markets

AbstractThis paper investigates the strategic role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the lens of creating shared value (CSV) strategies. It presents a comprehensive case study of a prominent Italian multinational energy corporation, demonstrating its application in the energy sector. The paper explores the nuances of CSV implementation, particularly in developing markets like Chile, Brazil, and Colombia, guided by Institutional and Stakeholder theories. It examines the corporation's responsive adaptation to local needs and challenges, and its alignment of business operations with sustainable development objectives. The findings underscore the significance of local stakeholder engagement and the critical role of leadership in fostering a culture of sustainability within the organization. This study expands on previous literature by offering insights into the practical implementation of CSV strategies by MNCs in developing markets. It sheds light on the complexities of integrating global sustainability standards with local institutional dynamics and stakeholder collaboration, enriching the understanding of how MNCs can contribute meaningfully to the SDGs.

Companies

Net earnings after pre‐tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.

Значение организаций, реализующих государственно-властные полномочия, в системе публичного управления

The article analyzes advantages and disadvantages of both centralization and decentralization of public administration. The paper shows that tendencies towards predominantly centralized or predominantly decentralized public administration in the country are constantly replacing each other. Based on the analysis of this sine-shaped process, the author concludes that organizations that exercise separate government authorities, in particular, state corporations need to exist in the contemporary administrative system. As an example, the publication reviews the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation. The author notes that organizations that exercise separate government authorities are full-fledged subjects of the public administration system.

Companies

Net earnings after pre‐tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.

Companies

Net earnings after pre‐tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.

Companies

Net earnings after pre‐tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.

Portfolio Optimization Strategy Based on Four Deep Learning Models

Deep learning techniques have provided a fresh outlook on the evergreen subject of portfolio optimization within the finance domain. This article selects the stocks of Google, Tesla, Tractor Supply Company, Analog Devices, and Duke Energy Corporation and deploys four deep learning models to estimate returns and covariance respectively. The mean-variance model is utilized to generate the target portfolio for each deep learning model, incorporating the predicted outcomes. Ultimately, the returns of each portfolio are compared to the market benchmark (S&P 500) returns. The findings demonstrate that the proposed target model outperforms the market benchmark (S&P 500) across multiple financial metrics. This study highlights the groundbreaking and promising applications of deep learning in the financial sector, providing valuable insights into innovative portfolio allocation strategies for risk-averse investors who aim to achieve stable and positive returns even in turbulent market conditions.

State of Necessity in Post Covid-19 Investor-State Arbitration: CMS and LG&E Revisited

Covid-19 has spread its wrath on every aspect of human affairs. Foreign investment is no exception to that. To combat the pandemic, different States have deployed various restrictive measures having a direct bearing on foreign investors. Such actions are likely to result in an influx of investor-State disputes. It can be reasonably assumed that the States will invoke the necessity plea, among other grounds, to negate their responsibilities in such situations. The cases of The CMS Gas Transmission Company v. The Argentine Republic (2005) and LG&E Energy Corporation v. The Argentine Republic (2006) previously sparked debate about the necessity defence’s applicability in investment arbitrations. This article examines the suitability of the defence in investor-State arbitrations in the post- Covid-19 era in light of the CMS and LG&E cases. After careful scrutinization, this article proposes that the unique nature of the crisis borne from the Covid-19 pandemic should be taken into consideration while applying the defence in any pandemic-induced arbitration. It concludes that unless the catalysts associated with the pandemic are taken into account while applying the defence, it will be invariably futile in investor-State arbitrations.
 Dhaka University Law Journal, Vol. 33(1), 2023 P.1-22

The Factors That Affect Employee Creativity among Staff in a Malaysian Energy Corporation

This article aims to analyze the factors that affect employee creativity among staff in a Malaysian operating in the energy industry that faced the crucial situation impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The total number of respondents involved in this study is 108 using a questionnaire as an instrument in this study. As a result of correlation analysis, it shows that there are significant relationships between personality and work environment with employee creativity. For reward, there is no relationship with employee creativity. According to the result of multiple regression, R2 was 37.6% which means all the independent variables influence the dependent variable on that amount. The rest of the amount 62.4% is influenced by other factors. The regression result also shows that only the hypothesis on personality and work environment is supported. And other factors that affect employee creativity should be considered in future research. The significance of this study is to highlight the importance of understanding the factors affecting employees’ creativity during Movement Control Order (MCO). From the perspective of the organization, this study helps to better understand its operation and to maximize employee creativity during MCO. On the other hand, the employees may benefit from this study by giving awareness, to educate and support employees during MCO as some need to Work-From-Home (WFH) with problems with internet connection.

Companies

Net earnings after pre‐tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.

Companies

Net earnings after pre‐tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.

Geomechanical research into surface coal mining in terms of geotechnical safety substantiation

Purpose. The purpose of the present study is to determine the geomechanical parameters for calculating the stability of side slopes by partial and general angle in the working front to ensure the completeness of coal mining in accordance with geotechnical rules and standards based on the regulations (EC-7) of the Kosovo Energy Corporation, which is the state corporation, producing not only electricity in the Republic of Kosovo. Methods. In the course of the present study, 60 additional drillings were carried out to a depth of 150 m up to green clay contact to determine the coal thickness. It was realized using a Type EK-650 drilling machine and a drilling diameter of 145/101 mm. To determine the angle φ and cohesion C, two methods were used, such as the Direct test and the Triaxial test. To obtain the most accurate results, a mathematical model was used to derive geomechanical parameters for calculating the slope geometry for the design geometry, where coal is mined to achieve a safety factor according to geotechnical standards. Findings. The regularities of changes in surface gloss of facing stone after its chemical treatment have been specified. It has been proved that all chemical impregnations increases stone gloss; the lower the initial indices of the natural stone surface gloss are, the greater stone changes are observed. In turn, that is caused by the fact that each type of natural stone has its own gloss limit. The regularities of lightness changes and surface saturation of natural facing stone after chemical treatment have been defined. They indicate that all agents reduce lightness and increase saturation of the natural stone surface (except Impregnation agent 3). According to the identified regularities, it is possible to control quality indices of the natural stone surface with simultaneous provision of uniform colour shade of a stone-faced building. The main problem arising during the study of surfaces of natural stone samples by means of infrared spectroscopy was inhomogeneity of its mineral-chemical composition over the sample area. As a result, various spectra have been obtained that are difficult to identify without the prepared reference samples. Complete infrared spectra of the natural stone surfaces of Pokostivskyi granodiorite and Bukivskyi gabbro. Both Pokostivskyi granodiorite and Bukivskyi gabbro have different infrared spectra within the analyzed range of wavelengths that can be explained by the difference in mineralogical composition of both natural stone types. Originality. A large number of physical-mechanical parameters were analyzed, including a mathematical model, with which the slope geometry was calculated using the design profiles and 9 methods. This has given satisfactory results based on Eurocode EC-7 which can be implemented in the field. Practical implications. To analyze the numerical and analytical methods for the design slope geometry, geotechnical Eurocodes were used according to two standards: Eurocode EC7-1 for geotechnical designs and Eurocode EC7-2 for field verification. They were tested on two factors: Category of terrain and Category of objects (excavator), to remove the coal cover using technology in compliance with the conditions in the field, such as the presence of surface water, underground waters and tectonics. This whole analysis is time consuming, so a safety factor has been determined based on the numerical analysis data.